Cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) have been regarded as a promising architecture for energy-efficient fifth generation systems. In this paper, a new joint remote radio head (RRH) activation, ...user-RRH pairing and resource allocation strategy is proposed for heterogeneous C-RANs (H-CRANs). We first formulate an optimization problem to maximize the energy efficiency of H-CRANs. Then, a low-complexity suboptimal solution is developed. Our proposed mechanism consists of three key procedures: 1) RRH activation is performed based on greedy RRH selection, 2) user-RRH pairing is performed based on the channel quality, 3) the resource allocation problem is solved by dual decomposition. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy can improve energy efficiency significantly.
Revealing the genetic underpinnings of cotton productivity will require understanding both the prehistoric evolution of spinnable fibers, and the results of independent domestication processes in ...both the Old and New Worlds. Progress toward a reference sequence for the smallest
Gossypium
genome is a logical stepping-stone toward revealing diversity in the remaining seven genomes (A, B, C, E, F, G, K) that permitted
Gossypium
species to adapt to a wide range of ecosystems in warmer arid regions of the world, and toward identifying the emergent properties that account for the superior productivity and quality of tetraploid cottons. The greatest challenge facing the cotton community is not genome sequencing
per se
but the conversion of sequence to knowledge.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the integrity of the adult human mandibular angle. The left hemimandibles of 24 human cadavers were selected and divided into three groups based upon ...remaining dental status. The height of the left mandibular body was measured. Hemimandibles were mounted in acrylic bone cement at the mandibular condyle. The left mounted hemimandibles were secured into an Instron 5565 mechanical unit and the occlusal plane was sequentially loaded until fracture of the mandibular bone occurred. Minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviations for compressive force as well as displacement of the occlusal plane were derived and compared for descriptive statistics. The correlations between the gender, mandibular body height, and maximal load were examined. The mean mandibular heights among males and females were 22.44 mm and 17.53 mm, respectively. Results portrayed a significant correlation between gender and mandibular height. The mean maximal loads among males and females were 1,174.17 and 828.14 N, respectively. Results portrayed a statistically significant difference between males and females regarding maximum load as well as the height of the mandible (
p
= 0.0103 and
p
= 0.0067, respectively). No statistically significant association between maximum load and dental status (presence/absence of molar teeth) was found (
p
> 0.05). The maximal load of human mandibular angle was found to be higher than that of the heavily investigated polyurethane synthetic mandible replica. The average height of the mandibular body in males was found to be greater than that of females. Mandibular body height showed a direct correlation to maximal load of the hemimandibular angle. In maxillofacial research, biomechanical evaluations of mandibular angle fractures and plating techniques with human cadaveric bone should be considered alongside or in place of conventional synthetic polyurethane mandibles.
The Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) has received support from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labor Office (ILO) to publish the African Newsletter on ...Occupational Health and Safety. The African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety should not be a medium for industry propaganda, or the source of misinformation among the workers of Mrica. Instead, FIOH should provide the same level of scientific information in Mrica that it does in Finland and other developed countries.
The spontaneous emission characteristics of InGaN / dilute-As GaNAs interface quantum well for the visible spectral regime were calculated and analyzed, and the findings revealed the strong potential ...of implementing the dilute-anion IIINitride alloy as active region for high efficiency visible light emitter.
To determine the prevalence and predictive value of overweight in an urban HIV clinic.
Medical records of all new adult, nonpregnant registrants in 1996 in an urban HIV clinic with at least one ...height and weight measurement were reviewed. Body mass index (BMI) at clinic enrollment was calculated, and prevalence of overweight was thus determined. The subsequent clinical course of the overweight group was compared with that of a randomly selected group of gender-stratified non-overweight patients.
At baseline, 12.6% of men and 32.5% of women were overweight. Female gender and lack of AIDS diagnosis were independently associated with overweight. More than one half of women and 19.6% of men were overweight at some point during the study. Providers were more likely to properly acknowledge underweight than overweight. Among patients without AIDS, there was a trend toward slower disease progression and lower viral load in overweight patients, despite similar baseline CD4+ lymphocyte counts and similar time to initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. In multivariate proportional hazards analyses, lower baseline BMI and falling BMI during follow-up were independently predictive of progression to AIDS.
Overweight was a common and underrecognized finding, particularly among women. Overweight patients may progress more slowly to AIDS than non-overweight patients.
Nuclear RNA splicing occurs in an RNA-protein complex, termed the spliceosome. U4/U6 snRNP is one of four essential small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles (U1, U2, U5 and U4/U6) present in ...the spliceosome. U4/U6 snRNP contains two snRNAs (U4 and U6) and a number of proteins. We report here the identification and characterization of two human genes encoding U4/U6-associated splicing factors, Hprp3p and Hprp4p, respectively. Hprp3p is a 77 kDa protein, which is homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae splicing factor Prp3p. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed two putative homologues in Caenorhabditis elegans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Polyclonal antibodies against Hprp3p were generated with His-tagged Hprp3p over-produced in Escherichia coli. This splicing factor can co-immunoprecipitate with U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs, suggesting that it is present in the U4/U6U5 tri-snRNP. Hprp4p is a 58 kDa protein homologous to yeast splicing factor Prp4p. Like yeast Prp4p, the human homologue contains repeats homologous to the β-subunit of G-proteins. These repeats are called WD repeats because there is a highly conserved dipeptide of tryptophan and aspartic acid present at the end of each repeat. The primary amino acid sequence homology between human Hprp4p and yeast Prp4p led to the discovery of two additional WD repeats in yeast Prp4p. Structural homology between these human and yeast splicing factors and the β-subunit of G-proteins has been identified by sequence-similarity comparison and analysis of the protein folding by threading. Structural models of Hprp4p and Prp4p with a seven-blade β-propeller topology have been generated based on the structure of β-transducin. Hprp3p and Hprp4p have been shown to interact with each other and the first 100 amino acids of Hprp3p are not essential for this interaction. These experiments suggest that both Hprp3p and Hprp4p are components of human spliceosomes.
OBJECTIVES: Previous studies of small numbers of patients have shown that antisulphatide autoantibodies are associated with polyneuropathies having a prominent sensory component. However, clinical ...and electrodiagnostic features are variable. The range of clinical and electrodiagnostic findings in 19 patients with polyneuropathies and high titre (> 4500) serum IgM antisulphatide antibodies is described, together with testing for serum monoclonal (M) proteins. METHODS: About 20000 serum samples that were referred to the clinical laboratory from 1990 to the end of 1994 were screened by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for specific high titre antisulphatide antibodies. The clinical and electrodiagnostic data in 23 patients with positive results were reviewed. IgM binding to peripheral nerve structures was also evaluated in these patients. RESULTS: Nineteen patients had predominantly distal, symmetric pansensory loss. Patients with IgM antisulphatide antibodies and no serum M protein usually had clinical syndromes that included: (1) neuropathic pain or dysaesthesiae, (2) no functionally significant weakness, and (3) an axonal neuropathy on electrodiagnostic testing. On immunocytochemical studies serum IgM from the patients without M proteins usually (nine of 10; 90%) bound to peripheral nerve axons, but never to myelin. Patients with antisulphatide antibodies and a serum M protein, usually IgM, were more likely than patients without a serum M protein, to have syndromes with: (1) no pain or dysaesthesiae, (2) motor abnormalities, and (3) a demyelinating polyneuropathy by electrodiagnostic criteria. In immunocytochemical studies serum IgM most often bound to either peripheral nerve myelin or endoneurial structures. CONCLUSION: Patients with polyneuropathy and high titre serum IgM antisulphatide antibodies can be classified into subgroups according to the presence or absence of a serum M protein. Patients without an M protein are more likely to have pure sensory syndromes, pain, an axonal neuropathy, and serum IgM binding to axons. Patients with a serum M protein commonly had syndromes with prominent motor involvement, no pain, and a demyelinating neuropathy.
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