A novel, copper(I)‐promoted azide–alkene aerobic oxidative cycloaddition protocol was developed for the regioselective synthesis of 1,4‐disubstituted/1,4,5‐trisubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles by using ...azides and electron‐deficient olefins under an oxygen atmosphere.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The needs for light-weight and soft smart clothing in homecare have been rising since the past decade. Many smart textile sensors have been developed and applied to automatic physiological and ...user-centered environmental status recognition. In the present study, we propose wearable multi-sensor smart clothing for homecare monitoring based on an economic fabric electrode with high elasticity and low resistance. The wearable smart clothing integrated with heterogeneous sensors is capable to measure multiple human biosignals (ECG and respiration), acceleration, and gyro information. Five independent respiratory signals (electric impedance plethysmography, respiratory induced frequency variation, respiratory induced amplitude variation, respiratory induced intensity variation, and respiratory induced movement variation) are obtained. The smart clothing can provide accurate respiratory rate estimation by using three different techniques (Naïve Bayes inference, static Kalman filter, and dynamic Kalman filter). During the static sitting experiments, respiratory induced frequency variation has the best performance; whereas during the running experiments, respiratory induced amplitude variation has the best performance. The Naïve Bayes inference and dynamic Kalman filter have shown good results. The novel smart clothing is soft, elastic, and washable and it is suitable for long-term monitoring in homecare medical service and healthcare industry.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This work demonstrates the direct visualization of atomically resolved quantum-confined electronic structures at organic–inorganic heterointerfaces of two-dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic hybrid ...Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs); this is accomplished with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) by using solvent engineering to prepare perpendicularly oriented 2D RPPs. Atomically resolved band mapping images across the organic–inorganic interfaces of 2D RPPs yield typical quantum-well-like type-I heterojunction band alignment with band gaps depending on the thicknesses or n values of the inorganic perovskite slabs. The presence of edge states within the band gap due to organic cation vacancies is also observed. In addition, real-space visualization of atomic-scale structural phase transition behavior and changes in local electronic band structures are obtained simultaneously. Our results provide an unequivocal observation and explanation of the quantum-confined electronic structures formed at organic–inorganic interfaces of 2D RPPs.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Background:
In most countries, large cerebral artery occlusion is identified as the leading cause of disability. In 2015, five large-scale clinical trials confirmed the benefit of intra-arterial ...thrombectomy. However, thrombectomy is a highly technical and facility-dependent procedure. Primary stroke centers need to transfer patients to comprehensive stroke centers to perform thrombectomy. The time-lapse during interhospital transfer would decrease the chance of the patient's proper recovery. Communication barriers also contribute to this delay.
Aims:
We used a smartphone application to overcome communication barriers between hospitals. We aimed to shorten the door-to-puncture time of interhospital transfer patients.
Methods:
We began using a smartphone application, “LINE,” to facilitate interhospital communication on May 01, 2018. We carried out retrospective data analyses for all the transfer patients (
n
= 351), with the primary outcome being the door-to-puncture time in our comprehensive stroke center (China Medical University Hospital). We compared the three periods: May 01 to Dec 31, 2017 (before the use of the smartphone application); May 01 to Dec 31, 2018 (the 1st year of using the smartphone application); and May 01 to Dec 31, 2019 (the 2nd year of using the smartphone application). We also compared the transfer data with non-transfer thrombectomies in the same period.
Results:
We compared 2017, 2018, and 2019 data. The total number of transfer patients increased over the years: 63, 113, 175, respectively. The mean door-to-puncture time decreased significantly, going from 109, through 102, to 92 min. Meanwhile, the mean door-to-puncture time in non-transfer patients were 140.3, 122.1, and 129.3 min. The main reason of time saving was the change of the way of communication, from point-to-point interhospital communication to hub-to-spoke interhospital communication.
Conclusions:
We used this smartphone application to enhance interhospital communication, changed from the point-to-point to hub-to-spoke method. It made us overcome the communication barrier and build up interhospital connection, thus shortening the door-to-puncture time. Our experience demonstrated the importance of close communication and teamwork in hyperacute stroke care, especially in interhospital transfer for thrombectomy.
In the present study, the effects of CuZnAl particles on the wettability, interfacial reaction and mechanical properties of Sn/Cu solder joints during solid–liquid diffusion were investigated. ...Results show that adding 0.5 wt% CuZnAl particles significantly improved the wettability of Sn solder joints. Increasing the heating temperature or adding N
2
atmosphere can also enhance the wettability of the solder joints. The formation and growth of interfacial intermetallic compounds were inhibited by adding CuZnAl particles. For Sn and Sn–0.5CuZnAl solder joints, the diffusion coefficients of Cu
6
Sn
5
were calculated to be 0.01 μm
2
s
−1
and 0.007 μm
2
s
−1
, respectively. The diffusion coefficients of Cu
3
Sn were calculated to be 0.0013 μm
2
s
−1
and 0.0012 μm
2
s
−1
, respectively. In addition, the mechanical properties of Sn–0.5CuZnAl solder joints were better than that of Sn solder joints.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The development of bilayer models is crucial for enhancing the performance and enabling multifunctionality of next-generation resistive random-access memory (RRAM). However, detailed switching ...information is still insufficient for multilayer RRAM, necessitating direct observation of the microstructural evolution to clarify its switching mechanism. In this study, the electrical properties of Pt/Nb2O5−x/Pt monolayer devices were improved by introducing a polycrystalline NiO layer, and the resulting Pt/NiO/Nb2O5−x/Pt bilayer devices exhibited a doubling of the endurance and a reduction of the set voltage. The bilayer device also exhibited a long retention time (>104 s) and high on/off ratio of 104. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy revealed that the conductive filament (CF) contained oxygen vacancies. In addition, a funnel-shaped CF was observed in the Pt/NiO/Nb2O5−x/Pt system, with the neck at the NiO/Nb2O5−x interface. This study provides a distinctive viewpoint and an innovative strategy for improving RRAM devices and exploring new applications in electronics.
Display omitted
•Introducing an oxygen reservoir layer enhances device performance and versatility.•The addition of a polycrystalline nickel oxide layer reduces device switching voltage.•The migration of holes and electrons forms funnel-shaped conductive filaments.•Electrical bias induces niobium oxide structural transformation, altering properties.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Leukemias driven by chromosomal translocation of the mixed-lineage leukemia gene (
or
) are highly prevalent in pediatric oncology. The poor survival rate and lack of an effective targeted therapy ...for patients with
-rearranged (
-r) leukemias emphasize an urgent need for improved knowledge and novel therapeutic approaches for these malignancies. The resulting chimeric products of
gene rearrangements, i.e., MLL-fusion proteins (MLL-FPs), are capable of transforming hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) into leukemic blasts. The ability of MLL-FPs to reprogram HSPCs toward leukemia requires the involvement of multiple chromatin effectors, including the histone 3 lysine 79 methyltransferase DOT1L, the chromatin epigenetic reader BRD4, and the super elongation complex. These epigenetic regulators constitute a complicated network that dictates maintenance of the leukemia program, and therefore represent an important cluster of therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we will discuss the role of MLL and its fusion partners in normal HSPCs and hematopoiesis, including the links between chromatin effectors, epigenetic landscapes, and leukemia development, and summarize current approaches to therapeutic targeting of
-r leukemias.
Background The epidemiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with adult congenital heart disease in Western countries is already known. We investigate clinical characteristics of PH in ...adult congenital heart disease with emphasis on complex congenital heart disease (CHD) from an Asian cohort in Taiwan. Methods and Results All adult patients (aged >18 years) diagnosed with CHD between January 2007 and July 2018 qualified for the study. PH was determined by cardiac catheterization data or echocardiography reports. In accord with the World Symposia on Pulmonary Hypertension, CHD was further categorized as simple, severe, or complex CHD (including pulmonary atresia-ventricular septal defect and single-ventricle anomalies). There were 4301 patients (55.6% women), 15.7% with severe and 3.9% with complex CHD. The cumulative incidence of PH was 4.4% (95% CI, 3.8-5.0). Our multivariable regression model indicated 4.2-fold mortality increase (95% CI, 3.0-5.9) in the presence of PH, with age, female sex, and severe or complex CHD linked to higher incidence of PH. Only 49% of patients received PH-specific therapy. Five- and 10-year survival rates of patients with PH (n=190) were 72.3% (95% CI, 65.1%-78.4%) and 58.8% (95% CI, 50.1%-66.5%), respectively. Survival rates in those with Eisenmenger syndrome, PH after defect correction, and complex CHD were similar. Low oxygen saturation and high uric acid levels were associated with increased mortality. Conclusions In this sizable Asian adult CHD cohort, the cumulative incidence of PH was aligned with that of Western countries. Mortality proved higher in patients with PH versus without PH. Although complex CHD carried greater risk of PH compared with other adult CHD subsets, survival rate was similar.
Electromigration in Cu has been extensively investigated as the root cause of typical breakdown failure in Cu interconnects. In this study Cu nanowires connected to Au electrodes are fabricated and ...observed using in situ transmission electron microscopy to investigate the electro- and thermo-migration processes that are induced by direct current sweeps. We observe the dynamic evolution of different mass transport mechanisms. A current density on the order of 106 A/cm^2 and a temperature of approximately 400 ℃ are sufficient to induce electro- and thermo-migration, respectively. Observations of the migration processes activated by increasing temperatures indicate that the migration direction of Cu atoms is dependent on the net force from the electric field and electron wind. This work is expected to support future design efforts to improve the robustness of Cu interconnects.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•16 PAHs was determined in kindling-free-charcoal grilled meat products in Taiwan.•A GC–MS method coupled with QuEChERs technique was used for determination of PAHs.•PAHs generation was associated ...with grilling time, temperature, and fat content.•Risk assessment demonstrated grilled meat products was not a public health concern.
This study aimed to determine the contents of 16 PAHs in kindling-free-charcoal grilled meat and seafood products by GC–MS coupled with a QuEChERS method, and estimate the potential risk associated with consumption of those products in Taiwan. Results showed that the total PAHs contents ranged from 6.3±0.9 to 238.8±8.3ng/g in poultry meat, 0.1±0.0–547.5±12.2ng/g in red meat, and 6.6±1.4–249.7±6.4ng/g in seafood products. Among various PAHs, the highly carcinogenic benzoapyrene was detected in chicken breast grilled at 84°C (30min), chicken heart at 100°C (26min), chicken drumstick at 74°C (20min), duck drumstick at 85°C (40min), and lamb steak at 88°C (12min), with its level amounting to 1.3±0.0, 2.4±0.1, 4.0±1.3, 3.1±0.0, and 5.8±0.5ng/g, respectively. The generation of PAHs was associated with grilling time, temperature and fat content. Risk assessment of dietary exposure to PAHs revealed toxicity equivalent to range from ND – 6.174±0.505μg/g and margin of exposure was >10,000, which agreed with the EFSA’s definition of low public health concern. The lifelong average daily PAHs intake was higher for adults than for elderly people in Taiwan, however, consumption of kindling-free-charcoal grilled meat should not be a public health concern based on cancer risk potency.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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