Due to the dissimilar scaling issues, the conventional experimental method of FOWTs can hardly be used directly to validate the full-scale global dynamic responses accurately. Therefore, it is of ...absolute necessity to find a more accurate, economic and efficient approach, which can be utilized to predict the full-scale global dynamic responses of FOWTs. In this paper, a literature review of experimental-numerical methodologies and challenges for FOWTs is made. Several key challenges in the conventional basin experiment issues are discussed, including scaling issues; coupling effects between aero-hydro and structural dynamic responses; blade pitch control strategies; experimental facilities and calibration methods. Several basin experiments, industrial projects and numerical codes are summarized to demonstrate the progress of hybrid experimental methods. Besides, time delay in hardware-in-the-loop challenges is concluded to emphasize their significant role in real-time hybrid approaches. It is of great use to comprehend these methodologies and challenges, which can help some future researchers to make a footstone for proposing a more efficient and functional hybrid basin experimental and numerical method.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a severe digestive malignancy, is characterized by its poor prognosis. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) persistently refines its guidelines, integrating ...cutting-edge evidence-based medical insights to standardize the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology-pancreatic adenocarcinoma were updated twice on May 4 and June 19, 2023, respectively. Compared to the 2022 predecessor, these two updates placed a particular emphasis on immunotherapy/targeted therapy, the introduction of NALIRIFOX regimen, and supplementary treatment protocols for patients with intermediate performance status. This article provided an interpretation of the latest updates to the NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology-pancreatic adenocarcinoma, integrating relevant evidence-based medical findings.
The paper addresses the method for stator and rotor resistance identification in speed sensorless induction motor drives. The instability problem caused by pure integration of the voltage model (VM) ...of rotor flux is handled by introducing correction terms in the VM. It is, however, shown that the third-order persistent excitation (PE) condition for simultaneous identification of stator, rotor resistances and rotor speed can barely be satisfied even with extra excitations in rotor flux modulus command. And an adaptive observer that is not persistently excited may become instable when exposed to bounded disturbances. Hence, to design a robust flux observer, concept of time-division multiplexing is incorporated into the observer design. That is, stator resistance is identified as the flux modulus is flat, while rotor resistance is adapted as a ramp flux modulus command is applied. This relaxes PE condition to order two, and as a drawback, the ramp flux modulus command incurs speed ripples. The decoupled identifiability of stator resistance is designed and explained, a rigorous input-to-state stability analysis of both the mismatch between VM and current model (CM) and the error (between actual rotor flux and CM) is set forth, and a convergence analysis of parameters is elaborated. To validate the feasibility, simulation and experiment results are included in the text as well.
Supramolecular Energy Materials Dumele, Oliver; Chen, Jiahao; Passarelli, James V. ...
Advanced materials (Weinheim),
04/2020, Volume:
32, Issue:
17
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Self‐assembly is a bioinspired strategy to craft materials for renewable and clean energy technologies. In plants, the alignment and assembly of the light‐harvesting protein machinery in the green ...leaf optimize the ability to efficiently convert light from the sun to form chemical bonds. In artificial systems, strategies based on self‐assembly using noncovalent interactions offer the possibility to mimic this functional correlation among molecules to optimize photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and energy storage. One of the long‐term objectives of the field described here as supramolecular energy materials is to learn how to design soft materials containing light‐harvesting assemblies and catalysts to generate fuels and useful chemicals. Supramolecular energy materials also hold great potential in the design of systems for photovoltaics in which intermolecular interactions in self‐assembled structures, for example, in electron donor and acceptor phases, maximize charge transport and avoid exciton recombination. Possible pathways to integrate organic and inorganic structures by templating strategies and electrodeposition to create materials relevant to energy challenges including photoconductors and supercapacitors are also described. The final topic discussed is the synthesis of hybrid perovskites in which organic molecules are used to modify both structure and functions, which may include chemical stability, photovoltaics, and light emission.
Self‐assembly is a bioinspired strategy to create soft materials for renewable and clean energy technologies. The field of supramolecular energy materials is described, covering work on self‐assembling molecules to craft light harvesting systems for photocatalysis and photovoltaics. Also, pathways to use supramolecular phases as templates for inorganic structures and electrodeposition for the synthesis of energy materials are discussed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Synthesizing H2O2 from water and air via a photocatalytic approach is ideal for efficient production of this chemical at small‐scale. However, the poor activity and selectivity of the 2 e− water ...oxidation reaction (WOR) greatly restricts the efficiency of photocatalytic H2O2 production. Herein we prepare a bipyridine‐based covalent organic framework photocatalyst (denoted as COF‐TfpBpy) for H2O2 production from water and air. The solar‐to‐chemical conversion (SCC) efficiency at 298 K and 333 K is 0.57 % and 1.08 %, respectively, which are higher than the current reported highest value. The resulting H2O2 solution is capable of degrading pollutants. A mechanistic study revealed that the excellent photocatalytic activity of COF‐TfpBpy is due to the protonation of bipyridine monomer, which promotes the rate‐determining reaction (2 e− WOR) and then enhances Yeager‐type oxygen adsorption to accelerate 2 e− one‐step oxygen reduction. This work demonstrates, for the first time, the COF‐catalyzed photosynthesis of H2O2 from water and air; and paves the way for wastewater treatment using photocatalytic H2O2 solution.
A bipyridine‐based covalent organic framework photocatalyst (COF‐TfpBpy) showed excellent activity for H2O2 photosynthesis with a solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency of 0.57 % at 298 K and 1.08 % at 333 K. The photocatalytic process involves a 2 e− water oxidation and 2 e− oxygen reduction from water and air. The photocatalytic H2O2 solution can be directly used for Rhodamine B degradation and sterilization of E. coli.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic, inflammatory disease affecting millions of diabetic patients worldwide. DN is associated with proteinuria and progressive slowing of glomerular filtration, ...which often leads to end-stage kidney diseases. Due to the complexity of this metabolic disorder and lack of clarity about its pathogenesis, it is often more difficult to diagnose and treat than other kidney diseases. Recent studies have highlighted that the immune system can inadvertently contribute to DN pathogenesis. Cells involved in innate and adaptive immune responses can target the kidney due to increased expression of immune-related localization factors. Immune cells then activate a pro-inflammatory response involving the release of autocrine and paracrine factors, which further amplify inflammation and damage the kidney. Consequently, strategies to treat DN by targeting the immune responses are currently under study. In light of the steady rise in DN incidence, this timely review summarizes the latest findings about the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of DN and discusses promising preclinical and clinical therapies.
In the quest for post-CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) technologies, driven by the need for improved efficiency and performance, topologically protected ferromagnetic 'whirls' such as ...skyrmions
and their anti-particles have shown great promise as solitonic information carriers in racetrack memory-in-logic or neuromorphic devices
. However, the presence of dipolar fields in ferromagnets, which restricts the formation of ultrasmall topological textures
, and the deleterious skyrmion Hall effect, when skyrmions are driven by spin torques
, have thus far inhibited their practical implementation. Antiferromagnetic analogues, which are predicted to demonstrate relativistic dynamics, fast deflection-free motion and size scaling, have recently become the subject of intense focus
, but they have yet to be experimentally demonstrated in natural antiferromagnetic systems. Here we realize a family of topological antiferromagnetic spin textures in α-Fe
O
-an Earth-abundant oxide insulator-capped with a platinum overlayer. By exploiting a first-order analogue of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism
, we stabilize exotic merons and antimerons (half-skyrmions)
and their pairs (bimerons)
, which can be erased by magnetic fields and regenerated by temperature cycling. These structures have characteristic sizes of the order of 100 nanometres and can be chemically controlled via precise tuning of the exchange and anisotropy, with pathways through which further scaling may be achieved. Driven by current-based spin torques from the heavy-metal overlayer, some of these antiferromagnetic textures could emerge as prime candidates for low-energy antiferromagnetic spintronics at room temperature
.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ
The Youjiang Basin in the western part of the South China Block (SCB), preserves the records of the tectonic history from Tethyan, through Paleo-Pacific to Tibetan domains, with coeval formation of ...diverse types of giant metallic deposits. The prolonged tectonic evolution and its control on the genesis and spatio-temporal distribution of giant metallic deposits in the Youjiang Basin provide a window for a holistic understanding of the tectono-metalligenesis of SCB. Six tectono-metallogenic stages can be recognized in the geological evolution of the basin and their relationship to the geodynamic evolution of the surrounding tectonic units. Subsequent to the closure of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean and collision between the SCB and the Gondwana continent, a late Ordovician to early Silurian intracontinental orogeny along the southern margin of the basin resulted in the formation of Silurian Cu and W skarn deposits. During Devonian to Carboniferous, during the Paleo-Tethyan spreading, the basin experienced rifting and development of a passive continental margin, when sedimentary Mn carbonate ores were deposited in basin facies sequences in the southern part of the basin. On the northern margin, bauxite karsts formed in carbonate rocks within continental-margin sequences. In the Late Permian, the Paleo-Pacific oceanic plate was subducted below the SCB, which most likely induced migration of the coeval Emeishan mantle plume towards the plate margin. Arc volcanism resulted in voluminous ash falls on the carbonate platform and these were subsequently transformed into bauxite in the southern part of basin. Following this, Triassic intraplate shortening induced thin-skinned crustal deformation with associated formation of orogenic Au deposits throughout the basin. In the Jurassic, the Youjiang Basin experienced slab delamination, during which MVT PbZn deposits formed along the northern margin, and clusters of WSn skarns were generated at the centre of the delamination zone on the eastern margin of the basin. Subduction retreated southwards in the Cretaceous, resulting in the formation of Carlin-type Au deposits in the northern part of the basin, and Sn and Cu skarns and associated carbonate replacement PbZn deposits in the central and southern parts. Cenozoic regional denudation and climate change in response to the southeastward propagation of Tibet caused brittle deformation of pre-existing bauxite and Mn orebodies and their further enrichment. The overlap among Paleo-Tethyan, Paleo-Pacific and Tibetan tectonic regimes during the evolution of the Youjiang Basin generated a diverse range of mineral deposit types, including orogenic and Carlin-type Au deposits, both carbonate-replacement and MVT-type PbZn deposits, sedimentary Mn‑carbonate deposits and bauxite in both passive and active continental margins.
•Holistic evaluation of Tethyan, Paleo-Pacific and Tibetan tectonic regimes in the Youjiang basin.•Early Paleozoic Mn and Al deposits formed in continental extensional setting.•Permian oceanic subduction induced continental arc magmatism and subsequent bauxite formation.•Triassic shortening and post-collisional extension formed orogenic gold mineralization.•Cretaceous slab retreat formed earlier Carlin-type gold deposits and later Sn skarns.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Illegal e-waste recycling activity has caused heavy metal pollution in many developing countries, including China. In recent years, the Chinese government has strengthened enforcement to impede such ...activity; however, the heavy metals remaining in the abandoned e-waste recycling site can still pose ecological risk. The present study aimed to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals in soil and water in the vicinity of an abandoned e-waste recycling site in Longtang, South China. Results showed that the surface soil of the former burning and acid-leaching sites was still heavily contaminated with Cd (>0.39 mg kg(-1)) and Cu (>1981 mg kg(-1)), which exceeded their respective guideline levels. The concentration of heavy metals generally decreased with depth in both burning site and paddy field, which is related to the elevated pH and reduced TOM along the depth gradient. The pond water was seriously acidified and contaminated with heavy metals, while the well water was slightly contaminated since heavy metals were mostly retained in the surface soil. The use of pond water for irrigation resulted in considerable heavy metal contamination in the paddy soil. Compared with previous studies, the reduced heavy metal concentrations in the surface soil imply that heavy metals were transported to the other areas, such as pond. Therefore, immediate remediation of the contaminated soil and water is necessary to prevent dissemination of heavy metals and potential ecological disaster.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Distributed wind and photovoltaic (PV) power generation are boosting in China. The wide integration of these generators into the distribution network leads to the risk of branch overload and bus ...voltage violation. To cope with the above risk, some peak output of wind turbines and PV equipment may be curtailed. Although curtailment measure leads to the increase of wind and PV power generation cost, more wind and PV electricity can be integrated into distribution network. In order to balance the power supply cost and the penetration rate of wind and PV electricity, the principle of economic consumption is introduced. Then an optimization planning method considering wind and PV electricity curtailment measure is proposed, and a fast model solving method based on distribution network steady-state security region is proposed. The main work is as follows. Firstly, a maximum and minimum optimization planning model is established. The maximum optimization refers to the maximum consumption of renewable energy electricity during the operation scheme formulating. The minimum optimization refers to choosing the planning scheme with the lowest power supply cost. Secondly, steady-state security region of distribution network is used to solve the optimization model quickly. To the maximum optimization, the model is transformed into a linear programming model with the help of the security region linear expression in power injection space. To the minimum optimization, an initial solution formulation method based on the redundancy information of the system operation state is given, by which the initial solution is close to the final solution. Finally, a case study of the IEEE 33-bus system is carried out and proves the effectiveness of the method. It is found that under the principle of economic consumption, the penetration rate of renewable energy electricity can be effectively improved when suitable renewable electricity curtailment measure is taken.
•The economic consumption of renewable energy generation is introduced.•A maximum and minimum optimization planning model is established.•The steady-state security region is used to solve the optimization model quickly.•More renewable energy electricity can be consumed by suitable curtailment measure.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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