Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which are a novel class of sustainable designer solvents, have attracted considerable attentions in the field of cellulose chemistry. Due to their low cost and ...analogous physico-chemical properties to ionic liquids, DESs are expected to be alternative solvents for dissolving cellulose. However, at present, the solubility of cellulose in DESs is much lower than in most ionic liquids. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize the current state of knowledge about cellulose dissolution in DESs. By comparing with similar solvents, it was found that the components of current DESs are usually involved in hydrogen bond interaction making difficult their interaction with the hydrogen bond network of cellulose. Accordingly, we propose a strategy that the components which have good hydrogen bond accepting ability, such as Cl
-
, OAc
-
, HCOO
-
, (MeO)
2
PO
2
-
, morpholine and imidazole, are promising choices to form DESs for cellulose dissolution. Ultrasound-assisted treatment and adding a surfactant are effective ways to promote cellulose solubility by enhancing the permeability of DESs.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Altered metabolism and genome instability are hallmarks of cancer. A mechanism now explains how three small molecules that accumulate in tumours connect abnormal metabolism to genomic problems by ...hindering DNA repair.
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FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Background
With the increased prevalence of obesity and sarcopenia, those patients with both visceral obesity and sarcopenia were at higher risk of adverse outcomes.
Aim
The aim of this study was to ...ascertain the combined impact of visceral obesity and sarcopenia on short-term outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.
Methods
We conducted a prospective study from July 2014 to February 2017. Patients’ demographic, clinical characteristics, physical performance, and postoperative short-term outcomes were collected. Patients were classified into four groups according to the presence of sarcopenia or visceral obesity. Clinical variables were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses evaluating the risk factors for postoperative complications were performed.
Results
A total of 376 patients were included; 50.8 and 24.5% of the patients were identified as having “visceral obesity” and “sarcopenia,” respectively. Patients with sarcopenia and visceral obesity had the highest incidence of total, surgical, and medical complications. Patients with sarcopenia or/and visceral obesity all had longer hospital stays and higher hospitalization costs. Age ≥ 65 years, visceral obesity, and sarcopenia were independent risk factors for total complications. Rectal cancer and visceral obesity were independent risk factors for surgical complications. Age ≥ 65 years and sarcopenia were independent risk factors for medical complications. Laparoscopy-assisted operation was a protective factor for total and medical complications.
Conclusion
Patients with both visceral obesity and sarcopenia had a higher complication rate after colorectal cancer surgery. Age ≥ 65 years, visceral obesity, and sarcopenia were independent risk factors for total complications. Laparoscopy-assisted operation was a protective factor.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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•Trace element and REE of apatite may be due to the concentrations and partition coefficients between apatite and melt.•Apatites indicate the parental magma of granite porphyry in a ...relatively reduced state, is a non-adakitic rock.•Nd isotopic of the apatites indicate the granite porphyry originate from partial melting of juvenile crustal material.
Apatite is an important accessory mineral in granitic rocks and can record important petrogenetic-metallogenic information. In particular, magmatic apatite can provide information on the volatile composition and magma source of the ore-forming rocks in porphyry deposits. This work focuses on magmatic apatite within the ore-forming intrusion of the Luming super-large porphyry Mo deposit. We use electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) analytical methods to analyze the major- and trace-element and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the apatite. The results show that the apatite grains are magmatic apatite, classified as fluorapatite. The trace-element patterns of the apatites feature clearly negative Sr, Ba, and Zr anomalies and Ba, Nb, Sr, Zr and Eu depletions that are more distinct than those in the granite porphyry and monzogranite in the Luming deposit. The apatites exhibit slight LREE enrichment and distinctly negative Eu anomalies. The positive Eu/Eu∗ (δEu)-Ga correlation and the strongly negative Eu anomaly indicate that the magma of this granite porphyry may have been in a relatively reductive state. The apatites also indicate that the granite porphyry is a non-adakitic rock, which is consistent with the whole-rock geochemical characteristics. Furthermore, the apatites feature low Sr contents and δEu values and high F/Cl ratios, similar to the characteristics of typical Mo deposits. The 87Rb/86Sr and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the apatites are 0.012811–0.037958 and 0.710897–0.714423, respectively. The (87Sr/86Sr)i (ISr) values are 0.710865–0.721183. The 147Sm/144Nd and 143Nd/144Nd ratios are 0.132166–0.225171 and 0.512520–0.512681, respectively. The εNd(t) values are −1.78–0.21, and the two-stage Nd model ages are 949–1065 Ma. The approximately positive εNd(t) values and young Nd model ages of the apatite are similar to those of the ore-forming rocks in Early Jurassic Mo deposits in NE China, indicating that these rocks shared the same magma source, which originated from the partial melting of juvenile crust.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Oxy-fuel combustion has generated significant interest since it was proposed as a carbon capture technology for newly built and retrofitted coal-fired power plants. Research, development and ...demonstration of oxy-fuel combustion technologies has been advancing in recent years; however, there are still fundamental issues and technological challenges that must be addressed before this technology can reach its full potential, especially in the areas of combustion in oxygen-carbon dioxide environments and potentially at elevated pressures. This paper presents a technical review of oxy-coal combustion covering the most recent experimental and simulation studies, and numerical models for sub-processes are also used to examine the differences between combustion in an oxidizing stream diluted by nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The evolution of this technology from its original inception for high temperature processes to its current form for carbon capture is introduced, followed by a discussion of various oxy-fuel systems proposed for carbon capture. Of all these oxy-fuel systems, recent research has primarily focused on atmospheric air-like oxy-fuel combustion in a CO
2-rich environment. Distinct heat and mass transfer, as well as reaction kinetics, have been reported in this environment because of the difference between the physical and chemical properties of CO
2 and N
2, which in turn changes the flame characteristics. By tracing the physical and chemical processes that coal particles experience during combustion, the characteristics of oxy-fuel combustion are reviewed in the context of heat and mass transfer, fuel delivery and injection, coal particle heating and moisture evaporation, devolatilization and ignition, char oxidation and gasification, as well as pollutants formation. Operation under elevated pressures has also been proposed for oxy-coal combustion systems in order to improve the overall energy efficiency. The potential impact of elevated pressures on oxy-fuel combustion is discussed when applicable. Narrower flammable regimes and lower laminar burning velocity under oxy-fuel combustion conditions may lead to new stability challenges in operating oxy-coal burners. Recent research on stabilization of oxy-fuel combustion is reviewed, and some guiding principles for retrofit are summarized. Distinct characteristics in oxy-coal combustion necessitate modifications of CFD sub-models because the approximations and assumptions for air-fuel combustion may no longer be valid. Advances in sub-models for turbulent flow, heat transfer and reactions in oxy-coal combustion simulations, and the results obtained using CFD are reviewed. Based on the review, research needs in this combustion technology are suggested.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Medical image analysis forms the basis of image-guided surgery (IGS) and many of its fundamental tasks. Driven by the growing number of medical imaging modalities, the research community of medical ...imaging has developed methods and achieved functionality breakthroughs. However, with the overwhelming pool of information in the literature, it has become increasingly challenging for researchers to extract context-relevant information for specific applications, especially when many widely used methods exist in a variety of versions optimized for their respective application domains. By being further equipped with sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) medical image visualization and digital reality technology, medical experts could enhance their performance capabilities in IGS by multiple folds. The goal of this narrative review is to organize the key components of IGS in the aspects of medical image processing and visualization with a new perspective and insights. The literature search was conducted using mainstream academic search engines with a combination of keywords relevant to the field up until mid-2022. This survey systemically summarizes the basic, mainstream, and state-of-the-art medical image processing methods as well as how visualization technology like augmented/mixed/virtual reality (AR/MR/VR) are enhancing performance in IGS. Further, we hope that this survey will shed some light on the future of IGS in the face of challenges and opportunities for the research directions of medical image processing and visualization.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A kind of novel uniform monodispersed three-dimensional dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres (3D-dendritic MSNSs) has been successfully synthesized for the first time. The 3D-dendritic MSNSs can ...have hierarchical mesostructure with multigenerational, tunable center-radial, and dendritic mesopore channels. The synthesis was carried out in the heterogeneous oil–water biphase stratification reaction system, which allowed the self-assembly of reactants taking place in the oil–water interface for one-pot continuous interfacial growth. The average pore size of each generation for the 3D-dendritic MSNSs can be adjusted from 2.8 to 13 nm independently, which can be controlled by the varied hydrophobic solvents and concentration of silica source in the upper oil phase. The thickness of each generation can be tuned from ∼5 to 180 nm as desired, which can be controlled by the reaction time and amount of silica source. The biphase stratification approach can also be used to prepare other core–shell and functional mesoporous materials such as Au nanoparticle@3D-dendritic MSNS and Ag nanocube@3D-dendritic MSNS composites. The 3D-dendritic MSNSs show their unique advantage for protein loading and releasing due to their tunable large pore sizes and smart hierarchical mesostructures. The maximum loading capacity of bovine β-lactoglobulin with 3D-dendritic MSNSs can reach as high as 62.1 wt % due to their large pore volume, and the simulated protein releasing process can be tuned from 24 to 96 h by flexible mesostructures. More importantly, the releasing rates are partly dependent on the hierarchical biodegradation, because the 3D-dendritic MSNSs with larger pore sizes have faster simulated biodegradation rates in simulated body fluid. The most rapid simulated biodegradation can be finished entirely in 24 h, which has been greatly shortened than two weeks for the mesoporous silica reported previously. As the inorganic mesoporous materials, 3D-dendritic MSNSs show excellent biocompatibility, and it would have a hopeful prospect in the clinical applications.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and plays an essential role in the oxidative stress response by producing NADPH, the main intracellular ...reductant. G6PD deficiency is the most common human enzyme defect, affecting more than 400 million people worldwide. Here, we show that G6PD is negatively regulated by acetylation on lysine 403 (K403), an evolutionarily conserved residue. The K403 acetylated G6PD is incapable of forming active dimers and displays a complete loss of activity. Knockdown of G6PD sensitizes cells to oxidative stress, and re‐expression of wild‐type G6PD, but not the K403 acetylation mimetic mutant, rescues cells from oxidative injury. Moreover, we show that cells sense extracellular oxidative stimuli to decrease G6PD acetylation in a SIRT2‐dependent manner. The SIRT2‐mediated deacetylation and activation of G6PD stimulates PPP to supply cytosolic NADPH to counteract oxidative damage and protect mouse erythrocytes. We also identified KAT9/ELP3 as a potential acetyltransferase of G6PD. Our study uncovers a previously unknown mechanism by which acetylation negatively regulates G6PD activity to maintain cellular NADPH homeostasis during oxidative stress.
Synopsis
The pentose phosphate pathway plays an important role in the oxidative stress response by supplying the reductant NADPH. SIRT2‐mediated deacetylation and activation of the glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, the rate‐limiting enzyme in this pathway, stimulates the production of cytosolic NADPH to counteract oxidative damage.
K403 acetylation decreases G6PD activity by inhibiting dimer formation.
SIRT2 and KAT9/ELP3 regulate G6PD K403 acetylation.
Regulation of G6PD K403 acetylation modulates NADPH homeostasis and cell survival during oxidative stress.
Following oxidative stress, production of the reductant NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway is stimulated by SIRT2‐mediated deacetylation and activation of G6PD.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A novel pillared-layered entangled luminescent metal-organic framework Zn
(bpdc)
(BPyTPE) (1) (BPyTPE = (E)-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-bis(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)ethene) has been designed and constructed. The ...solvent-free 1 exhibits strong blue-green emission with an excellent fluorescence quantum yield of 99% and provides a facile and reversible method to sensitively and quantitatively detect trace pesticide of 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline.
We demonstrate the functionalization of ABA triblock copolymer-based materials by introducing dynamic covalent bonded cross-links. The bond-exchange via trans-N -alkylation was operated in the ...domains of poly(4-vinylpyridine) end blocks, cross-linked by quaternization with dibromo cross-linkers, thus exhibiting vitrimer-like properties ( e.g. , softening and great stress relaxation) and other useful functions, such as re-processability, recyclability, and self-adhesion.
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