Abstract
The fast optimal attitude matrix (FOAM) for minimizing Wahba’s loss function solves the optimal attitude matrix directly and efficiently. This method is more intuitive compared with the ...method of calculating attitude quaternion. A method named super-FOAM (SFOAM) is proposed with a more precise initial iteration value and a faster iterative algorithm. A condition number estimation method of third-order matrices is presented for cases without exact singular value. When the matrix condition number is not particularly large, the root-seeking formula for the quartic equation is directly used to obtain the maximum characteristic root. Otherwise, under large condition numbers, a high-accuracy estimation algorithm for the maximum eigenvalue is given to achieve a high-accuracy initial value set, which is beneficial to iteration reduction and convergence speed improvement. Finally, some comparative simulations show that the SFOAM method has the same accuracy as the singular value decomposition (Matlab) method even in the case of a very large matrix condition number, while the SFOAM’s computation is only 50%–60% of the traditional FOAM algorithm. This algorithm has good generalization and application values.
Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) often co-occur across spatially-separated cortical regions, forming IED networks. However, the factors prompting IED propagation remain unelucidated. We ...hypothesized that slow oscillations (SOs) might facilitate IED propagation. Here, the amplitude and phase synchronization of SOs preceding propagating and non-propagating IEDs were compared in 22 patients with focal epilepsy undergoing intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) evaluation. Intracranial channels were categorized into the irritative zone (IZ) and normal zone (NOZ) regarding the presence of IEDs. During wakefulness, we found that pre-IED SOs within the IZ exhibited higher amplitudes for propagating IEDs than non-propagating IEDs (delta band: p = 0.001, theta band: p < 0.001). This increase in SOs was also concurrently observed in the NOZ (delta band: p = 0.04). Similarly, the inter-channel phase synchronization of SOs prior to propagating IEDs was higher than those preceding non-propagating IEDs in the IZ (delta band: p = 0.04). Through sliding window analysis, we observed that SOs preceding propagating IEDs progressively increased in amplitude and phase synchronization, while those preceding non-propagating IEDs remained relatively stable. Significant differences in amplitude occurred approximately 1150 ms before IEDs. During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, SOs on scalp recordings also showed higher amplitudes before intracranial propagating IEDs than before non-propagating IEDs (delta band: p = 0.006). Furthermore, the analysis of IED density around sleep SOs revealed that only high-amplitude sleep SOs demonstrated correlation with IED propagation. Overall, our study highlights that transient but widely distributed SOs are associated with IED propagation as well as generation in focal epilepsy during sleep and wakefulness, providing new insight into the EEG substrate supporting IED networks.
•An increase in slow oscillations (SOs) preceding IEDs was observed in the irritative zone and normal zone.•SOs have higher amplitudes before propagating IEDs than before non-propagating IEDs.•Pre-IED SOs show distinct evolution patterns for propagating IEDs versus non-propagating IEDs.•IEDs can exhibit a longer propagation delay (200–500 ms) than previously believed.•SOs correlate with IED generation and propagation during both sleep and wakefulness.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Metalens are planar lenses composed of the subwavelength arrays, which have unconventional and versatile functionalities to manipulate the light fields compared with the traditional lens. It is noted ...that the most metalens are designed in a monochromatic mode in the visible or mid-infrared range (mid-IR), however, the broadband range is needed in many practical applications, such as spectroscopy, sensing, and imaging. Here, we design and demonstrate a broadband achromatic dielectric metalens in the mid-IR range of 4 µm–5 µm for near diffraction-limited (1.0
λ
) focusing. The broadband achromatic propagation and focusing of the metalens are designed and simulated by constructing and optimizing the phase profile. The Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) phases of all the elements contribute to the main phase increment of the whole phase profile of the metalens. The additional phase is constructed and optimized by using the random search algorithm to obtain the optimized size of all the elements. The focusing efficiency of the achromatic metalens is also optimized and averaged as the result of phase optimization within a wide band for the building elements, while it is lowered comparing with the regular metalens without broadband achromatic designing. Using this combined designing approach, various flat achromatic devices with the broadband metalens can find a new way for full-color detection and imaging.
The resolving power of metalens telescopes rely on their aperture size. Flat telescopes are advancing with the research on super-resolution confocal metalenses with large aperture. However, the ...aperture sizes of metalenses are usually bound within hundreds of micrometers due to computational and fabrication challenges, limiting their usage on practical optical devices like telescopes. In this work, we demonstrated a two-step designing method for the design of dual-band far-field super-resolution metalens with aperture sizes from the micro-scale to macro-scale. By utilizing two types of inserted unit cells, the phase profile of a dual-wavelength metalens with a small aperture of 100 μm was constructed. Through numerical simulation, the measured FWHM values of the focal spots of 5.81 μm and 6.81 μm at working wavelengths of 632.8 nm and 1265.6 nm were found to all be slightly smaller than the values of 0.61 λ/NA, demonstrating the super-resolution imaging of the designed metalens. By measuring the optical power ratio of the focal plane and the incident plane, the focusing efficiencies were 76% at 632.8 nm and 64% at 1265.6 nm. Based on the design method for small-aperture metalens, far-field imaging properties through the macro metalens with an aperture of 40 mm were simulated by using the Huygens-Fresnel principle. The simulation results demonstrate confocal far-field imaging behavior at the target wavelengths of 632.8 nm and 1265.6 nm, with a focal length of 200 mm. The design method for dual-band far-field super-resolution metalens with a large aperture opens a door towards the practical applications in the dual-band space telescope system.
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•Method proposed for large-scale synthesis of electrocatalysts at room temperature.•(NiCoRu)OH/S heterostructure catalyst exhibited remarkable performance for OER/HER.•(NiCoRu)OH/S ...shows superior water splitting performance under industrial conditions.
Developing efficient and stable water splitting catalysts under industrial conditions is essential for large-scale hydrogen energy production. However, conventional synthesis methods are harsh and can increase energy consumption and cost, and developing methods for large-scale production at ambient temperatures remains challenging. Herein, NiCoRu hydroxide/sulfide heterostructure on nickel foam was synthesized by immersion at room temperature to achieve a high-performance bifunctional catalyst. The synthesized NiCoRu hydroxide/sulfide exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance, requiring an overpotential of 189 mV for OER and 78 mV for HER to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 while showing excellent stability. In contrast, under industrial conditions (6 M KOH at 60 °C), the catalyst only requires an overpotential of 170 mV for OER and 148 mV for HER to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm−2 and can operate stably for long periods. The water splitting system consisting of this catalyst maintains excellent performance and stability under industrial conditions. The catalyst maintains good performance when the synthesis is scaled up. The ability to synthesize on a large scale at room temperature with excellent performance makes this catalyst a potential for industrialization.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The heterogeneous structure of the hydroxide/sulfide is designed to combine the advantages of both, improving the catalyst's conductivity, electron transfer capability and adsorption of ...intermediates. It becomes an efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalyst for seawater splitting.
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Heterostructure engineering is one of the most promising strategies for efficient water splitting by electrocatalysts. However, it remains challenging to design heterostructured catalysts to achieve the desired goals in both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in seawater splitting. Here, particulate heterostructures of FeCoNi hydroxide/sulfide supported on nickel foams were prepared by hydrothermal methods to achieve a high-performance bifunctional catalyst. The synthesized FeCoNi hydroxide/sulfide exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance, requiring an overpotential of 195 mV for OER and 76 mV for HER to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 while showing excellent stability. The catalyst maintains its excellent performance even in artificial or natural seawater with high salinity, which is a harsh environment. When applied directly to a water splitting system, the catalyst achieves a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at only 1.5 V (1.57 V in alkaline seawater). The FeCoNi hydroxide/sulfide heterostructure is an excellent electrocatalytic bifunctional catalyst due to compositional modulation, systematic charge transfer optimization, improved intermediates adsorption, and increased electrocatalytic active sites and the synergistic effect of the heterostructure.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To improve the optoelectronic properties for the photorefractive devices can enable the wide application of nanostructured liquid crystal (LC) in optical information processing, optical imaging, and ...optical modulating systems. Especially, the quantum dots (QDs) based on photorefractive effect plays a key role in improving the energy efficiency and color quality for their ability to modify the properties of the bulk materials. In this paper, we propose a QD-doped LC device illuminated by a laser standing evanescent wave (LSEW) field with subwavelength period of 180 nm. Combined with the electric tuning, the obtained optical diffraction pattern of equally spaced light spots indicated that a regular, periodic grating was formed in the QD-doped LC volume. The measured maximum diffraction efficiency of 30 % identified the large change of the refractive index of the nanostructured QD-doped LC device. Our results demonstrate a novel method to design and fabricate rewritable optoelectronic devices with highly precise controlled photorefractive LC structures.
•A novel design method for quantum dots (QDs) doped - LC device with LSEW fields illumination.•Opto-electrical tuning the optical diffraction pattern in the QD-doped LC volume.•The measured diffraction efficiency of 30 % identified the change of the refractive index of the nanostructured QD-doped LC device.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aim is to achieve the targeting function of Aptamer 21-2 (Apt) by modifying glycyrrhizic acid (GA) to obtain Apt-GA and by delivering it through mesoporous silica in μm-size (μmS). Moreover, it ...is planned to induce synergistic effects of the novel amorphous preparation of Apt-GA with curcumin (Cur) in the treatment of psoriasis. UV/vis spectrophotometric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed to demonstrate the linkage of Apt and GA. The replacement of GA with Apt-GA in GA-Cur-μmS did not make a difference in the amorphous state, but showed superior fluorescence of Cur in the inflamed dermis similar to psoriatic induced by imiquimod. Consequently, compared to GA-Cur-μmS and Apt, Apt-GA-Cur-μmS exhibited less pronounced psoriatic characteristics in vivo, including Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, histological image, immunohistochemistry and immuno-fluorescence labeling neutrophils. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed a similar phenomenon that less IL-17A was observed after treatment with Apt-GA-Cur-μmS than with GA-Cur-μmS or Apt. Our finding suggests that this novel Apt delivery system achieved the Apt targeting function in the dermis by taking advantage of GA and μmS, and exhibited synergistic anti-psoriatic effect by co-delivering curcumin.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells therapy is a milestone achievement in the immunotherapy of relapsed and refractory (R/R) B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, some patients ...treated with CAR-T cells do not achieve complete remission, the mechanisms of which have not been elucidated. In the present study, we report a 9-year-old pediatric patient with refractory B-ALL received a triple infusion of autologous CD19 CAR-T cells therapy after the second relapse. CAR-T cells expanded in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. However, the patient did not achieve complete remission, indicating a lack of response to CAR-T cells therapy. Analysis of etiological factors revealed that the number of CD4 and CD8 double-negative T (DNT) cells was significantly upregulated in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and autologous CAR-T cells products. In conclusiont, these findings indicate that DNT cells mediated resistance to CAR-T cells therapy in this pediatric patient with R/R B-ALL.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
