Abstract
Background
Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is a promising minimally invasive treatment for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Postoperative rehabilitation can improve patient ...outcomes. Not only rehabilitation for surgical trauma but also rehabilitation for lumbar spine and lower kinetic chain dysfunction should be performed. The aims of this study were to investigate the efficacy of a lumbar kinetic chain training for staged rehabilitation after PELD for LDH.
Methods
Fifty one LDH patients treated with PELD were studied. After surgery, patients underwent lumbar kinetic chain training for staged rehabilitation( staged group) or regular low back rehabilitation (regular group). The staged rehabilitation programme included three phases from 2 to 6, 7–12, and 13–24 weeks postoperatively, and different physical therapies were performed during these phases. The low back pain visual analogue scale (VAS), JOA score, ODI, SF-36, and cross-sectional area of the lumbar multifidus on MRI were assessed, and gait analysis was performed.
Results
Twenty five patients in staged group and twenty six patients in regular group were included. There were no significant differences in age or sex between the two groups at baseline (
p
> 0.05). The VAS score decreased and the JOA and SF-36 scores increased in both groups from baseline to 6 weeks (
P
< 0.05). In the staged group, compared with the regular group, the VAS and ODI scores were lower and the JOA and SF-36 scores were higher at 6 weeks (
P
< 0.05); the VAS and ODI scores were lower and the SF-36 score was higher at 12 weeks (
P
< 0.05); the SF-36 score was higher at 24 weeks (
P
< 0.05); the cross-sectional area of the lumbar multifidus showed no differences at 12 weeks (
P
> 0.05); and the left-right support ratio of gait was higher at 24 weeks (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusions
The staged rehabilitation programme for LDH after PELD promoted postoperative recovery, and the efficacy of lumbar kinetic chain training was higher than that of regular low back muscle exercise.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show great potential for various applications, but many of them suffer from the drawbacks of hydrolysis propensity and poor processability. Herein, we employ polymers ...of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) with hydrophobic pores to decorate MOFs toward substantially improved water stability and shapeability. Through simple PIM-1 decoration, the sub-5 nm polymer layers can be uniformly deposited on MOF surfaces with almost no deterioration in porosity. Owing to the existence of superhydrophobic coating and the obstruction of water entrance into MOFs, the PIM-1 coated CuBTC exhibits impressive water resistance and excellent pore preservation ability after exposure in water, even in acidic and alkaline solutions. Moreover, polymer decoration improves the processability of MOFs, while various MOF/PIM-1 bulk wafers and oil-water separators can be obtained straightforwardly.
The superhydrophobic MOFs prepared by decoration of sub-5 nm porous PIM-1 layers show good pore preservation, impressive water resistance, and remarkable processability. Display omitted
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Metalens are planar lenses composed of the subwavelength arrays, which have unconventional and versatile functionalities to manipulate the light fields compared with the traditional lens. It is noted ...that the most metalens are designed in a monochromatic mode in the visible or mid-infrared range (mid-IR), however, the broadband range is needed in many practical applications, such as spectroscopy, sensing, and imaging. Here, we design and demonstrate a broadband achromatic dielectric metalens in the mid-IR range of 4 µm–5 µm for near diffraction-limited (1.0
λ
) focusing. The broadband achromatic propagation and focusing of the metalens are designed and simulated by constructing and optimizing the phase profile. The Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) phases of all the elements contribute to the main phase increment of the whole phase profile of the metalens. The additional phase is constructed and optimized by using the random search algorithm to obtain the optimized size of all the elements. The focusing efficiency of the achromatic metalens is also optimized and averaged as the result of phase optimization within a wide band for the building elements, while it is lowered comparing with the regular metalens without broadband achromatic designing. Using this combined designing approach, various flat achromatic devices with the broadband metalens can find a new way for full-color detection and imaging.
Purpose The objective of the study was to compare the incidence, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with spinal cord stab injury to those with the more common spinal cord contusion ...injury. Subjects Of patients hospitalized in China Rehabilitation Research Center from 1994 to 2014, 40 of those having a spinal cord stab injury and 50 with spinal cord contusion were selected. Methods The data of all patients were analyzed retrospectively. The cases were evaluated by collecting admission and discharge ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) and ADL (activity of daily living) scores. Results After a comprehensive rehabilitation program, ASIA and ADL scores of patients having both spinal cord stab injury and spinal cord contusion significantly increase. However, the increases were noted to be higher in patients having a spinal cord stab injury than those having spinal cord contusion. Conclusion Comprehensive rehabilitation is effective both for patients having spinal cord stab injury and those with spinal cord contusion injury. However, the prognosis of patients having spinal cord stab injury is better than that of patients with spinal cord contusion.
Membrane separation is an energy‐saving technology for carbon capture. However, it is subjected to permeability‐selectivity trade‐off limitation. Although chemical functionalization is proposed to ...boost separation efficiency, controlling sorption–diffusion process remains extremely challenging. In this study, a facile, controllable, and versatile chemical vapor amination strategy is reported to simultaneously tune gas sorption and diffusion in polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM)‐based membranes for improving carbon capture performance. Through simple exposure in amine vapors under mild conditions, nucleophilic substitution of amines toward ether and halogen groups induce grafting, ring‐opening, terminal replacement, chain‐scission, and crosslinking of PIM‐1, thereby underpinning CO2‐philicity and tailoring passageway. The prepared CO2‐philic membranes exhibit substantially improved CO2/N2 selectivity over 30.8, about 226% as that of original one, accompanied by high CO2 permeability of 2590 Barrer, which can surpass the trade‐off upper bound of polymer membranes. Our results reveal that post‐synthesis amination is an effective route to obtain high‐performance membranes.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A vapor-phase grafting strategy is developed for the postsynthetic modification of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). On the basis of the Schotten–Baumann reaction between acyl chloride (−COCl) and ...amino (−NH2) groups and hydrolysis of −COCl, the carboxylated MOFs could be prepared through simple exposure in vaporized acyl chloride molecules and immersion in water. The modified MOFs have well-maintained crystalline structures and porosities and show substantially improved fluoride removal performance.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
To improve the optoelectronic properties for the photorefractive devices can enable the wide application of nanostructured liquid crystal (LC) in optical information processing, optical imaging, and ...optical modulating systems. Especially, the quantum dots (QDs) based on photorefractive effect plays a key role in improving the energy efficiency and color quality for their ability to modify the properties of the bulk materials. In this paper, we propose a QD-doped LC device illuminated by a laser standing evanescent wave (LSEW) field with subwavelength period of 180 nm. Combined with the electric tuning, the obtained optical diffraction pattern of equally spaced light spots indicated that a regular, periodic grating was formed in the QD-doped LC volume. The measured maximum diffraction efficiency of 30 % identified the large change of the refractive index of the nanostructured QD-doped LC device. Our results demonstrate a novel method to design and fabricate rewritable optoelectronic devices with highly precise controlled photorefractive LC structures.
•A novel design method for quantum dots (QDs) doped - LC device with LSEW fields illumination.•Opto-electrical tuning the optical diffraction pattern in the QD-doped LC volume.•The measured diffraction efficiency of 30 % identified the change of the refractive index of the nanostructured QD-doped LC device.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Membrane separation is an energy‐saving technology for carbon capture. However, it is subjected to permeability‐selectivity trade‐off limitation. Although chemical functionalization is ...proposed to boost separation efficiency, controlling sorption–diffusion process remains extremely challenging. In this study, a facile, controllable, and versatile chemical vapor amination strategy is reported to simultaneously tune gas sorption and diffusion in polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM)‐based membranes for improving carbon capture performance. Through simple exposure in amine vapors under mild conditions, nucleophilic substitution of amines toward ether and halogen groups induce grafting, ring‐opening, terminal replacement, chain‐scission, and crosslinking of PIM‐1, thereby underpinning CO
2
‐philicity and tailoring passageway. The prepared CO
2
‐philic membranes exhibit substantially improved CO
2
/N
2
selectivity over 30.8, about 226% as that of original one, accompanied by high CO
2
permeability of 2590 Barrer, which can surpass the trade‐off upper bound of polymer membranes. Our results reveal that post‐synthesis amination is an effective route to obtain high‐performance membranes.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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