Abstract Long persistent luminescence (LPL) has gained considerable attention for the applications in decoration, emergency signage, information encryption and biomedicine. However, recently ...developed LPL materials – encompassing inorganics, organics and inorganic-organic hybrids – often display monochromatic afterglow with limited functionality. Furthermore, triplet exciton-based phosphors are prone to thermal quenching, significantly restricting their high emission efficiency. Here, we show a straightforward wet-chemistry approach for fabricating multimode LPL materials by introducing both anion (Br − ) and cation (Sn 2+ ) doping into hexagonal CsCdCl 3 all-inorganic perovskites. This process involves establishing new trapping centers from CdCl 6-n Br n 4− and/or Sn 2-n Cd n Cl 9 5− linker units, disrupting the local symmetry in the host framework. These halide perovskites demonstrate afterglow duration time ( > 2,000 s), nearly full-color coverage, high photoluminescence quantum yield ( ~ 84.47%), and the anti-thermal quenching temperature up to 377 K. Particularly, CsCdCl 3 : x %Br display temperature-dependent LPL and time-valve controllable time-dependent luminescence, while CsCdCl 3 : x %Sn exhibit forward and reverse excitation-dependent Janus-type luminescence. Combining both experimental and computational studies, this finding not only introduces a local-symmetry breaking strategy for simultaneously enhancing afterglow lifetime and efficiency, but also provides new insights into the multimode LPL materials with dynamic tunability for applications in luminescence, photonics, high-security anti-counterfeiting and information storage.
In the process of transforming from planned economy to market economy, both China and Russia faced the issue of pension reform. There are similarities in the reform and development process and the ...system model of the pension security system in China and Russia. Transition from planned economy to market economy and aggravation of population aging are main reasons for the reform of pension system in both countries. Under the influence of the World Bank and other international organizations, China and Russia have gradually established a multi-tier pension system, with the state, enterprises and individuals sharing the pension costs. Differences also exist in the old-age security system of China and Russia.
Nanoparticles of different materials, shapes, and sizes are integrated into plasmonic atoms and molecules of defined shape and location through sequential directed self‐assembly following a single ...patterning step. A rational tuning of the emitted color across the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum and switchable polarization properties are demonstrated. Self‐assembled plasmonic pixels provide tunable, stable, and switchable optical responses.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The distance-dependent plasmon coupling between biopolymer tethered gold or silver nanoparticles forms the foundation for the so-called plasmon rulers. While conventional plasmon ruler applications ...focus on the detection of singular events in the far-field spectrum, we perform in this Letter a ratiometric analysis of the continuous spectral fluctuations arising from thermal interparticle separation variations in plasmon rulers confined to fluid lipid membranes. We characterized plasmon rulers with different DNA tethers and demonstrate the ability to detect and quantify differences in the plasmon ruler potential and tether stiffness. The influence of the nature of the tether (single-stranded versus double-stranded DNA) and the length of the tether is analyzed. The characterization of the continuous variation of the interparticle separation in individual plasmon rulers through optical fluctuation analysis provides additional information about the conformational flexibility of the tether molecule(s) located in the confinement of the deeply subdiffraction limit interparticle gap and enhances the versatility of plasmon rulers as a tool in Biophysics and Nanotechnology.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Recently, plant essential oils (EOs) have attracted special attention in plant disease control and food preservation. Since ancient times, essential oils extracted from plants have exhibited many ...biological characteristics, especially antimicrobial properties. Recent studies have described the potentials of EOs and derivatives to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, mainly in response of overwhelming concerns of consumers about food safety. In the context of returning to nature, with the advancement of science and technology and improved living standards, people have begun to seek solutions for food hygiene without chemical additives. Therefore, biological pesticides and plant-oriented chemicals have received special attention from scientists because they are environmentally friendly and nonhazardous, sustainable, and effective alternatives against many noxious phytopathogens. Present study is intended to appraise the fungicidal properties of ginger EOs to combat leaf blight disease of taro, which threatens global taro production. Farmers often hinge on extremely toxic synthetic fungicides to manage diseases, but the residual effects and resistance of chemicals are unavoidable. The microwave-assisted hydrodistillation method was used for ginger EOs extraction and an FTIR (ATR) spectrometer was used to evaluate their chemical composition and citral was identified as most abundant compound (89.05%) in oil. The pathogen isolated from lesions of diseased taro plants was identified as Phytophthora colocasiae and used as test fungus in the present study. Ginger EO was evaluated in-vitro for antifungal properties against mycelium growth, sporangium production, zoospore germination, leaf, and corm necrosis inhibition. Repeated experiments have shown that the concentration of ginger essential oil (1250 ppm) proved to be the lowest dose to obtain 100% inhibition of fungal growth and spore germination, sporangia formation and leaf necrosis assessment. These results are derived from this fungal species and a hypothesis that involves further research on other plant pathogens to demonstrate the overall potency of essential oils. This study references the easy, economic, and environmental management and control of plant diseases using essential oils and byproducts.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Bone tissue engineering is becoming an ideal strategy to replace autologous bone grafts for surgical bone repair, but the multihierarchical complexity of natural bone is still difficult to emulate ...due to the lack of suitable biomaterials. Supramolecular peptide nanofiber hydrogels (SPNHs) are emerging biomaterials because of their inherent biocompatibility, satisfied biodegradability, high purity, facile functionalization, and tunable mechanical properties. This review initially focuses on the multihierarchical fabrications by SPNHs to emulate natural bony extracellular matrix. Structurally, supramolecular peptides based on distinctive building blocks can assemble into nanofiber hydrogels, which can be used as nanomorphology‐mimetic scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biochemically, bioactive motifs and bioactive factors can be covalently tethered or physically absorbed to SPNHs to endow various functions depending on physiological and pharmacological requirements. Mechanically, four strategies are summarized to optimize the biophysical microenvironment of SPNHs for bone regeneration. Furthermore, comprehensive applications about SPNHs for bone tissue engineering are reviewed. The biomaterials can be directly used in the form of injectable hydrogels or composite nanoscaffolds, or they can be used to construct engineered bone grafts by bioprinting or bioreactors. Finally, continuing challenges and outlook are discussed.
This review proposes a novel concept to construct bone repair biomaterials based on supramolecular peptide nanofiber hydrogels, namely multihierarchical fabrications by structural design, biochemical functionalization, and mechanical optimization. Then, it discusses the comprehensive applications of supramolecular peptide nanofiber hydrogels for bone tissue engineering, i.e., from injectable hydrogels or composite nanoscaffolds to bioprinting or bioreactors to construct engineered bone grafts.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Critical bone defects and related delayed union and nonunion are still worldwide problems to be solved. Bone tissue engineering is mainly aimed at achieving satisfactory bone reconstruction. ...Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into bone cells and can be used as one of the key pillars of bone tissue engineering. In recent decades, immune responses play an important role in bone regeneration. Innate immune responses provide a suitable inflammatory microenvironment for bone regeneration and initiate bone regeneration in the early stage of fracture repair. Adaptive immune responses maintain bone regeneration and bone remodeling. MSCs and immune cells regulate each other. All kinds of immune cells and secreted cytokines can regulate the migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, which have a strong immunomodulatory ability to these immune cells. This review mainly introduces the interaction between MSCs and immune cells on bone regeneration and its potential mechanism, and discusses the practical application in bone tissue engineering by modulating this kind of cell-to-cell crosstalk. Thus, an in-depth understanding of these principles of bone immunology can provide a new way for bone tissue engineering.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Objectives
The transformation of cytotrophoblasts into mesenchymal‐like extravillous trophoblasts is necessary for successful embryo implantation, and the inadequate transformation may cause ...abortion. Epiregulin, which is a new growth factor, plays important roles in the reproductive processes. The glycosylation of many proteins in reproduction processes is critical. Protein O‐fucosyltransferase 1 (poFUT1) is the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of O‐fucosylation on the specific glycoproteins. Urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) contains O‐fucosylated domain on Thr18. However, the functions of epiregulin and poFUT1 in the trophoblast epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, the regulatory mechanism of epiregulin on poFUT1 and the resulting O‐fucosylated uPA remain unclear.
Materials and methods
We employed ELISA and Western blot to detect serum levels of epiregulin and poFUT1 from non‐pregnancy women, pregnancy women and abortion patients. Using two trophoblast cell lines and a mouse pregnancy model, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of epiregulin and poFUT1 in trophoblast EMT process.
Results
Serum levels of epiregulin and poFUT1 were higher in pregnant women compared with non‐pregnant women, and their levels were significantly decreased in abortion patients compared with pregnant women. The results showed that epiregulin upregulated poFUT1 expression and increased O‐fucosylation on uPA, which further activated the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, facilitating EMT behaviour of trophoblast cells and embryo implantation in the mouse pregnant model.
Conclusions
Level of epiregulin and poFUT1 is lower in abortion patients than early pregnancy women. Epiregulin promotes trophoblast EMT through O‐fucosylation on uPA catalysed by poFUT1. Epiregulin and poFUT1 may be suggested as the potential diagnostic biomarkers and useful treatment targets for abortion.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Age is a significant contributing factor to the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Pharmacological treatment can effectively alleviate CVD symptoms caused by aging. However, ...90% of the drugs have failed in clinics because of the loss of drug effects or the occurrence of the side effects. One of the reasons is the disparity between animal models used and the actual physiological levels in humans. Therefore, we integrated multiple datasets from single‐cell and bulk‐seq RNA‐sequencing data in rats, monkeys, and humans to identify genes and pathways with consistent/differential expression patterns across these three species. An approach called “Cross‐species signaling pathway analysis” was developed to select suitable animal models for drug screening. The effectiveness of this method was validated through the analysis of the pharmacological predictions of four known anti‐vascular aging drugs used in animal/clinical experiments. The effectiveness of drugs was consistently observed between the models and clinics when they targeted pathways with the same trend in our analysis. However, drugs might have exhibited adverse effects if they targeted pathways with opposite trends between the models and the clinics. Additionally, through our approach, we discovered four targets for anti‐vascular aging drugs, which were consistent with their pharmaceutical effects in literatures, showing the value of this approach. In the end, software was established to facilitate the use of “Cross‐species signaling pathway analysis.” In sum, our study suggests utilizing bioinformatics analysis based on disease characteristics can help in choosing more appropriate animal models.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) target the negative regulatory pathway of T cells and effectively reactive the anti-tumor immune function of T cells by blocking the key pathway of the immune ...escape mechanism of the tumor-PD-1/PD-L1, and fundamentally changing the prospect of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients. However, such promising immunotherapy is overshadowed by Hyperprogressive Disease, a response pattern associated with unwanted accelerated tumor growth and characterized by poor prognosis in a fraction of treated patients. This review comprehensively provides an overview of Hyperprogressive Disease in immune checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer including its definition, biomarkers, mechanisms, and treatment. A better understanding of the black side of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy will provide a more profound insight into the pros and cons of immunotherapy.
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