Tons of broiler livers are produced yearly in Taiwan but always considered waste. Our team has successfully patented and characterized a chicken‐liver hydrolysate (CLH) with several biofunctions. ...Chronic alcohol consumption causes hepatosteatosis or even hepatitis, cirrhosis, and cancers. This study was to investigate the hepatoprotection of CLH‐based supplement (GBHP01™) against chronic alcohol consumption. Results showed that GBHP01™ could reduce (p < .05) enlarged liver size, lipid accumulation/steatosis scores, and higher serum AST, ALT, γ‐GT, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels induced by an alcoholic liquid diet. GBHP01™ reduced liver inflammation and apoptosis in alcoholic liquid‐diet‐fed mice via decreasing TBARS, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels, increasing reduced GSH/TEAC levels and activities of SOD, CAT and GPx, as well as downregulating CYP2E1, BAX/BCL2, Cleaved CASPASE‐9/Total CASPASE‐9 and Active CASPASE‐3/Pro‐CASPASE‐3 (p < .05). Furthermore, GBHP01™ elevated hepatic alcohol metabolism (ADH and ALDH activities) (p < .05). In conclusion, this study prove the hepatoprotection of GBHP01™ against alcohol consumption.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The compound 6‐azaindole undergoes self‐assembly by formation of N(1)−H⋅⋅⋅N(6) hydrogen bonds (H bonds), forming a cyclic, triply H‐bonded trimer. The formation phenomenon is visualized by scanning ...tunneling microscopy. Remarkably, the H‐bonded trimer undergoes excited‐state triple proton transfer (ESTPT), resulting in a proton‐transfer tautomer emission maximized at 435 nm (325 nm of the normal emission) in cyclohexane. Computational approaches affirm the thermodynamically favorable H‐bonded trimer formation and the associated ESTPT reaction. Thus, nearly half a century after Michael Kasha discovered the double H‐bonded dimer of 7‐azaindole and its associated excited‐state double‐proton‐transfer reaction, the triply H‐bonded trimer formation of 6‐azaindole and its ESTPT reaction are demonstrated.
Trinity Roots: 6‐azaindole undergoes self‐assembly by formation of N(1)−H⋅⋅⋅N(6) hydrogen bonds (H bonds), to form a cyclic, triply H‐bonded trimer. The H‐bonded trimer undergoes excited‐state triple proton transfer (ESTPT), resulting in a proton‐transfer tautomer emission maximized at 435 nm.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The lack of structural information impeded the access of efficient luminescence for the exciplex type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). We report here the pump-probe Step-Scan Fourier ...transform infrared spectra of exciplex composed of a carbazole-based electron donor (CN-Cz2) and 1,3,5-triazine-based electron acceptor (PO-T2T) codeposited as the solid film that gives intermolecular charge transfer (CT), TADF, and record-high exciplex type cyan organic light emitting diodes (external quantum efficiency: 16%). The transient infrared spectral assignment to the CT state is unambiguous due to its distinction from the local excited state of either the donor or the acceptor chromophore. Importantly, a broad absorption band centered at ~2060 cm
was observed and assigned to a polaron-pair absorption. Time-resolved kinetics lead us to conclude that CT excited states relax to a ground-state intermediate with a time constant of ~3 µs, followed by a structural relaxation to the original CN-Cz2:PO-T2T configuration within ~14 µs.
We propose a new concept exploiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules as photosensitizers, storage units and signal transducers to harness solar thermal energy. Molecular ...composites based on the TADF core phenoxazine-triphenyltriazine (PXZ-TRZ) anchored with norbornadiene (NBD) were synthesized, yielding compounds PZDN and PZTN with two and four NBD units, respectively. Upon visible-light excitation, energy transfer to the triplet state of NBD occurred, followed by NBD → quadricyclane (QC) conversion, which can be monitored by changes in steady-state or time-resolved spectra. The small S
-T
energy gap was found to be advantageous in optimizing the solar excitation wavelength. Upon tuning the molecule's triplet state energy lower than that of NBD (61 kcal/mol), as achieved by another composite PZQN, the efficiency of the NBD → QC conversion decreased drastically. Upon catalysis, the reverse QC → NBD reaction occurred at room temperature, converting the stored chemical energy back to heat with excellent reversibility.
The photophysical properties of the phenothiazine-triphenyltriazine derivative, PTZ-TRZ, are reinvestigated. The results, in combination with the computational approaches, lead us to draw the ...conclusion that the complicated excitation behavior in toluene (ref ), in part, is due to the UV absorption cutoff region for toluene where the <315 nm excitation is greatly distorted by solvent absorption, i.e., the inner filter effect, in a regular sample cuvette (1.0 cm path length). Switching the solvent to cyclohexane with the UV cutoff wavelength at 235 nm simplifies the results. In cyclohexane, two isomers exist for PTZ-TRZ in the ground state and quasi-axial and quasi-equatorial conformers. Upon electronic excitation, both quasi-axial and quasi-equatorial conformers undergo structural relaxation to an energy minimum state where the phenothiazine is in a planar configuration.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have attracted considerable attention for high energy solid‐state lithium metal batteries (LMBs). In this work, potentially ecofriendly, solid‐state ...poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐based star polymer electrolytes with cross‐linked structures (xBt‐PCL) are introduced that robustly cycle against LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) composite cathodes, affording long‐term stability even at higher current densities. Their superior features allow for sufficient suppression of dendritic lithium deposits, as monitored by 7Li solid‐state NMR. Advantageous electrolyte|electrode interfacial properties derived from cathode impregnation with 1.5 wt% PCL enable decent cell performance until up to 500 cycles at rates of 1C (60 °C), illustrating the high potential of PCL‐based SPEs for application in high‐voltage LMBs.
A potentially ecofriendly, solid‐state poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐based star polymer electrolyte with cross‐linked structures is introduced that robustly cycles against LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) composite cathodes, affording long‐term stability even at higher current densities. Its superior features allow for sufficient suppression of dendritic lithium deposits, as monitored by 7Li solid‐state NMR.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Aging plays a critical role in the genesis of atrial fibrillation (AF) and also increases the risks of cardiac dysfunction and stroke in AF patients. AF is caused by increased AF triggering from ...abnormalities of the thoracic vein and/or modulated substrate (atrial) with enhancement of AF maintenance. Clinical and laboratory evidence indicates that aging is significant in the creation of atrial electrical and structural remodeling that leads to increased susceptibility to AF occurrence. Aging is commonly associated with cardiovascular comorbidities, oxidative stress, calcium dysregulation, atrial myopathy with apoptosis, and fibrosis, which all contribute to the genesis of AF. This review updates the current understanding of the effects of aging on the pathophysiology of AF.
Marine biofouling is a severe problem with a wide‐reaching impact on ship maintenance, the economy, and ecosystem safety, among others. Inspired by complex multifunctional frogskins, wrinkled ...slippery coatings are created that exhibit remarkable antifouling, anti‐icing, and self‐cleaning properties through a combination of degradable di‐block copolymer self‐assembly i.e., polystyrene‐b‐polylactide (PS‐b‐PLA) and hydrolysis‐driven dynamic release‐induced surface wrinkling. Microwrinkled patterns can generate curved surfaces that are resistant to biofouling. Gyroid‐forming PS‐b‐PLA can be used to produce nanoporous templates with cocontinuous nanochannels, which generate strong capillary forces for trapping and storing infiltrated lubricants. In this study, block‐copolymer‐derived hierarchically wrinkled slippery liquid‐infused nanoporous surfaces (i.e., micro wrinkles with nanochannels infused with slippery fluids) are successfully fabricated after silicone oil infiltration. The antibiofouling performance of these surfaces is examined against different foulers under various conditions. The produced coatings exhibited flexible, stable, transparent, and easily tunable antibiofouling characteristics. In particular, the formation of an eco‐friendly silicon‐based lubricant layer without the use of fluorinated compounds and costly material precursors is an advantage in industrial practice that can be adopted in various applications, such as fuel transport, self‐cleaning windows, anticorrosion protection, nontoxic coatings for medical devices, and optical instruments.
Inspired by complex multifunctional frogskins, wrinkled slippery coatings are created that exhibit remarkable antifouling, anti‐icing, and self‐cleaning properties through a combination of degradable di‐block copolymer self‐assembly (i.e., polystyrene‐b‐polylactide) and hydrolysis‐driven dynamic release‐induced surface wrinkling. The formation of an eco‐friendly silicon‐based lubricant layer with flexible, stable, transparent, and easily tunable antibiofouling characteristics is an advantage in industrial practice.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Pleural empyema is an inflammatory condition characterized by accumulation of pus inside the pleural cavity, which is usually followed by bacterial pneumonia. During the disease process, the ...pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines in the purulent pleural effusion cause proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix, which lead to fibrin deposition and fibrothorax. Urokinase instillation therapy through a chest drainage tube is frequently used for fibrinolysis in patients with empyema. However, urokinase treatment requires multiple instillation (2-3 times per day, for 4-8 days) and easily flows out from the chest drainage tube due to its high water solubility. In this in vitro study, we developed a thermo-responsive hydrogel based on poloxamer 407 (P407) combined with hyaluronic acid (HA) for optimal loading and release of urokinase. Our results show that the addition of HA to poloxamer gels provides a significantly more compact microstructure, with smaller pore sizes (**p < 0.001). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) profile revealed no influence on the micellization intensity of poloxamer gel by HA. The 25% poloxamer-based gel was significantly superior to the 23% poloxamer-based gel, with slower gel erosion when comparing the 16th hour residual gel weight of both gels (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.001). The 25% poloxamer-HA gel also exhibited a superior urokinase release profile and longer release time. A Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) study of the P407/HA hydrogel showed no chemical interactions between P407 and HA in the hydrogel system. The thermoresponsive P407/HA hydrogel may have a promising potential in the loading and delivery of hydrophilic drugs. On top of that, in vitro toxicity test of this combination demonstrates a lower toxicity.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Breast cancer (BC) remains the foremost cause of cancer mortality globally, with neutrophils playing a critical role in its pathogenesis. As an essential tumor microenvironment (TME) component, ...neutrophils are emerging as pivotal factors in BC progression. Growing evidence has proved that neutrophils play a Janus- role in BC by polarizing into the anti-tumor (N1) or pro-tumor (N2) phenotype. Clinical trials are evaluating neutrophil-targeted therapies, including Reparixin (NCT02370238) and Tigatuzumab (NCT01307891); however, their clinical efficacy remains suboptimal. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the close relationship between neutrophils and BC, emphasizing the critical roles of neutrophils in regulating metabolic and immune pathways. Additionally, we summarize the existing therapeutic approaches that target neutrophils, highlighting the challenges, and affirming the rationale for continuing to explore neutrophils as a viable therapeutic target in BC management.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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