Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and metastasis is the leading cause of death among patients with breast cancer. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway plays ...critical roles during breast cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. SMAD2, a positive regulator of TGF-β signaling, promotes breast cancer metastasis through induction of EMT.
The expression of miR-190 and SMAD2 in breast cancer tissues, adjacent normal breast tissues and cell lines were determined by RT-qPCR. The protein expression levels and localization were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. ChIP and dual-luciferase report assays were used to validate the regulation of ZEB1-miR-190-SMAD2 axis. The effect of miR-190 on breast cancer progression was investigated both in vitro and in vivo.
miR-190 down-regulation is required for TGF-β-induced EMT. miR-190 suppresses breast cancer metastasis both in vitro and in vivo by targeting SMAD2. miR-190 expression is down-regulated and inversely correlates with SMAD2 in breast cancer samples, and its expression level was associated with outcome in patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, miR-190 is transcriptionally regulated by ZEB1.
Our data uncover the ZEB1-miR-190-SMAD2 axis and provide a mechanism to explain the TGF-β network in breast cancer metastasis.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We enhanced the solid-state luminescence of lanthanoid metal ions within HOFs structured by Schiff base ligands via Zn(II) ion coordination. In addition, LnZn-HOFs can efficiently release Ln(III) ...ions in aqueous solution to achieve a highly sensitive response to very low concentrations of the heavy metal ion Cu(II). The ion-releasing properties of LnZn-HOFs can effectively inhibit the rapid proliferation of classical Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
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•Zn(II) coordination enhances the solid-state luminescence of LnHOFs.•Luminescence of LnHOFs is enhanced by metal ion coordination for the first time.•The LOD of TbZn-HOF for sensing Cu(II) ions is 1.91 nM.•LnHOFs efficiently kill bacteria through ions release.
Enhancing the antenna effect to increase energy transfer to lanthanoid ions for generating bright luminescence is an effective strategy to construct lanthanoid luminophores with excellent performance. However, the antenna effect often depends on the structure, connection, and configuration of immobilized ligands. We found for the first time that the introduction of the Zn(II) ion coordination can greatly enhance the solid-state fluorescence and phosphorescence emission of lanthanoid hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (Ln-HOFs). Notably, relative to that of Tb-HOF, the solid-state fluorescence intensity, quantum yield, and lifetime of TbZn-HOFs had increased by 17.09, 38.81, and 12.96 times, respectively. The chelating coordination of the Zn(II) ions effectively hindered the vibration of organic ligands to weaken nonradiative transitions and stabilized and reduced the triplet excited state of the ligands through the spin–orbit coupling effect, which led to the increased efficiency of energy transfer with Tb(III) ions. In aqueous solution, LnZn-HOFs released Ln(III) ions effectively and captured low concentrations of the heavy metal ion Cu(II), and the efficient ligand-to-Cu(II) ion energy transfer quenched ligand luminescence. Notably, the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 1.91 nM, which was considerably lower than the maximum level of Cu(II) ions in drinking water (20 μM) specified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and was better than the LOD of other previously reported probes. Furthermore, LnZn-HOFs can effectively inhibit the proliferation of classical Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, via ion release and thus showed a high sterilization effect. This work is the first to find that HOFs can exert efficient bacteriostatic and sterilization effects through ion release.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Phenothiazinone is a promising yet underutilized fluorophore, possibly due to the lack of a general accessibility. This study reports a robust and scalable TEMPO‐mediated electrochemical method to ...access a variety of phenothiazinones from 2‐aminothiophenols and quinones. The electrosynthesis proceeds in a simple cell architecture under mild condition, and notably carbon–halogen bond in quinones remains compared to conventional methods, enabling orthogonal downstream functionalization. Mechanistic studies corroborate that TEMPO exerts a protective effect in avoiding product decomposition at the cathode. In particular, benzophenothiazinones show intriguing luminescence in both solid and solution state, and thus their photophysical properties are scrutinized in detail. Further bio‐imaging of the lipid droplets in living cells highlights the considerable promise of benzophenothiazinones as fluorescent dye in the biomedical fields.
Electrochemical synthesis of phenothiazinone via oxidative cyclocondensation of quinone and 2‐aminothiophenol under mild condition is presented, along with its bio‐application as fluorophore for lipid droplets imaging in living cells.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
An eco-friendly and economical approach for the photocatalytic oxidation of organic inter-mediates by air under mild conditions is highly desirable in green and sustainable chemistry, where the ...photogeneration of active oxygen species plays a key role in improving conversion efficiency and selectivity. By using pyridinium derivatives as molecular mediators for electron transfer and energy transfer, the simultaneous activation of O
2
from air into superoxide radicals and singlet oxygen species can be achieved, and a photoinduced electron transfer catalytic system for the oxidation of alcohols has been developed. Thus, we have successfully simplified the complicated catalytic system into a single molecular catalyst without any additional noble metals and co-catalysts/additives. The current photocatalytic system shows high catalytic efficiency not only for aromatic alcohols but also for aliphatic alcohols that are generally difficult to undergo aerobic oxidation at room temperature under air atmosphere, representing an ideal photocatalytic platform for green and economical organic syntheses.
Pyridinium molecules are developed as electron- and energy-transfer mediators to boost the activity of air oxygen and thus achieve highly efficient photocatalytic oxidation of alcohols without any noble metal and additional co-catalysts/additives under mild conditions.
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic disease characterized by decreased bone mass and degeneration of bone microstructure. In recent years, more and more researches have focused on the close relationship ...between gut microbiota (GM) and the occurrence and progression of OP, and the regulation of probiotics and prebiotics on bone metabolism has gradually become a research hotspot. Based on the influence of brain-gut-bone axis on bone metabolism, this review expounds the potential mechanisms of probiotics and prebiotics on OP from next perspectives: regulation of intestinal metabolites, regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier function, involvement of neuromodulation, involvement of immune regulation and involvement of endocrine regulation, so as to provide a novel and promising idea for the prevention and treatment of OP in the future.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions wherein the resulting products remain dissolved in solvents generally require complicated separation and purification process, despite the advantage of ...heterogeneous systems allowing retrieval of catalysts. Herein, we have developed an efficient approach for the one‐pot tandem synthesis of quinazolines, quinazolinones and benzothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxides from alcohols and amines utilizing a bifunctional bipyridinium photocatalyst with redox and Lewis acid sites using air as an oxidant. Through solvent‐modulation strategy, the photocatalytic system exhibits high performance and enables most products to separate spontaneously. Consequently, the homogeneous catalyst can be reused by direct centrifugation isolation of the products. Notably, the method is also applicable to the less active substrates, such as heterocyclic alcohols and aliphatic alcohols, and thus provides an efficient and environmentally friendly photocatalytic route with spontaneous separation of N‐heterocycles to reduce production costs and meet the needs of atomic economy and green chemistry.
The first reusable homogeneous system with spontaneous product separation for transforming alcohols and amines into N‐heterocycles through solvent‐modulated one‐pot tandem reactions has been developed by utilizing the bifunctional small‐molecule photocatalyst with redox and Lewis acid sites, which demonstrates excellent substrate compatibility and holds significant promise for industrial‐scale production.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This work investigated effects of the galacturonic acid content (GA), degree of methoxylation (DM), degree of amidation (DA) and molecular weight (MW) of pectin on the pasting properties of rice ...starch (RS). Pectins with varying structures were selected randomly. Different pectins when added to RS showed significant differing (p < 0.05) influences on pasting properties of RS. Multiple regression analysis was adopted to establish equations between structural characteristics of pectin and pasting properties of RS. The obtained equations had a good fit (all R2 ≥ 0.936), and relative errors of pasting properties for prediction group were very close to the coefficient of variation (except breakdown). The contribution of the specific pectin structural characteristic on the change of the pasting properties of RS was also evaluated. DM was greatly correlated with peak and trough viscosity. Breakdown was strongly affected by DA and GA. Two primary factors that affected setback were the MW and GA. Furthermore, peak time was mainly influenced by DA.
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•Influence of pectin structures on rice starch was calculated by multiple regression.•Pasting properties of RS/pectin could be predicted using the established equations.•Peak and trough viscosity were mainly affected by DM, setback mainly by Mw and GA.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The search for laser-ignitable energetic materials catering to the safety and accuracy requirements in military and civilian affairs is an important yet challenging task. In this work, non-explosive ...and stable nitro bearing ligands of 3,5-dinitro-4-chlorobenzoic acid (HDNB-Cl) and 3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HDNB-OH) have been adopted as energetic modules and organic building units to assemble with copper ions to construct energetic coordination complexes. The d-d transition introduced by Cu
2+
endows the as-synthesized compounds to display remarkable absorptions of NIR light, and thus achieve efficient photothermal conversions upon irradiation by an 808 nm laser. As a result, the DNB-Cl based complexes can be laser-ignited and strong deflagration has been observed. The satisfactory thermal stability and tolerance toward friction and electrostatic discharge make them good candidates as laser-ignitable energetic materials. Unlike the conventional energetic materials based on nitrogen-rich organics (
e.g.
, azido, furazan, and heterocyclic compounds), this work reveals that the easily functionalized nitro-bearing carboxylate ligand is an alternative energy module for assembling stable energetic complexes, and the coordination interaction-induced photothermal conversion would be an efficient strategy to achieve laser ignition for the resultant energetic compounds.
Energetic coordination complexes constructed from non-explosive and stable nitro bearing ligands and Cu
2+
have been presented, and are laser-ignitable on the basis of the coordination-induced photothermal conversion.
Objectives
To investigate age-related changes on passive muscle stiffness in healthy individuals and measure the shear modulus in different age groups.
Methods
Shear wave elastography (SWE) movies of ...gastrocnemius medialis (GM) were collected during passive stretching induced by ankle rotation from plantarflexion (PF) to dorsiflexion (DF). A series of SWE images at ankle angles of PF 40°, PF 30°, PF 20°, PF 10°, 0°, DF 10°, DF 20°, and DF 30° were collected and shear moduli measured accordingly for analyses.
Results
Eighty-six healthy volunteers (27 children, 31 middle-aged adults, and 28 older people) were recruited. No significant difference was observed in the shear modulus between the three groups at ankle angles of PF 40°, PF 30°, PF 20°, PF 10°, and 0° (
p
> 0.05). The difference in the shear modulus among the three groups became significant as DF increased. At ankle angles of DF 10°, DF 20°, and DF 30°, the shear modulus was the greatest in the older group, followed by the middle-aged group and then the children group (
p
= 0.007, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively).
Conclusions
Passive muscle stiffness increases with age, and the difference between age groups was pronounced only after reaching a certain degree of stretching.
Key Points
• The influence of age on passive muscle stiffness becomes pronounced only after reaching a certain degree of stretching.
• Age should be considered when evaluating passive muscle stiffness in muscular disorders.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ
Colon cancer is one of the most life‐threatening malignancies worldwide. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is a cancer‐associated biomarker involved in the metastasis ...and prognosis of several cancers. However, whether and how HOTAIR affects colon cancer progression is still unclear. Consequently, we used RNA interference to knock down HOTAIR to explore its effects on human colon cancer cells. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was initially used for testify the regulating relationship between lncRNA HOTAIR and insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2). We determined the expressions of HOTAIR, IGF2BP2, E‐cadherin, and vimentin. Meanwhile, cell growth, cycle and apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assayed. LoVo cells were transplanted into nude mice, and tumor formation and microvessel density were evaluated. LncRNA HOTAIR positively regulated IGF2BP2. Besides, the expressions of HOTAIR and E‐cadherin and the apoptosis were increased, while the expressions of IGF2BP2 and vimentin, the growth, invasion and migration of LoVo cells, the average tumor weight, and microvessel density value were decreased. Of importance, overexpressed IGF2BP2 could reverse the above impacts. Taken together, the current study indicates that silencing of HOTAIR could inhibit the invasion, proliferation, and migration, and promote apoptosis of colon cancer LoVo cells through suppressing IGF2BP2 and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition.
Silencing of HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) could inhibit the invasion, proliferation, and migration, and promote apoptosis of colon cancer LoVo cells through suppressing insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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