The efficiency of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen is highly dependent on the catalyst used. Herein, ultrathin Ni(0)‐embedded Ni(OH)2 heterostructured nanosheets, referred to as Ni/Ni(OH)2 ...nanosheets, with superior water splitting activity are synthesized by a partial reduction strategy. This synthetic strategy confers the heterostructured Ni/Ni(OH)2 nanosheets with abundant Ni(0)‐Ni(II) active interfaces for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and Ni(II) defects as transitional active sites for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The obtained Ni/Ni(OH)2 nanosheets exhibit noble metal‐like electrocatalytic activities toward overall water splitting in alkaline condition, to offer 10 mA cm−2 in HER and OER, the required overpotentials are only 77 and 270 mV, respectively. Based on such an outstanding activity, a water splitting electrolysis cell using the Ni/Ni(OH)2 nanosheets as the cathode and anode electrocatalysts has been successfully built. When the output voltage of the electrolytic cell is 1.59 V, a current density of 10 mA cm−2 can be obtained. Moreover, the durability of Ni/Ni(OH)2 nanosheets in the alkaline electrolyte is much better than that of noble metals. No obvious performance decay is observed after 20 h of catalysis. This facile strategy paves the way for designing highly active non‐precious‐metal catalyst to generate both hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water at room temperature.
Heterostructured Ni/Ni(OH)2 nanosheets synthesized using a partial reduction strategy are used as an efficient multifunctional electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, the oxygen evolution reaction, and overall water splitting. This work opens up new opportunities in the rational design of cost‐effective and highly efficient multifunctional electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
With the steady progress of China's opening-up policy, how to avoid the financial risks brought by opening-up is a valuable research topic at present while promoting economic development. As an ...innovative business model connecting the real economy and the virtual economy, the Internet of Things (IoT) finance provides standardized technical support for the expansion of trade and finance. In financial data analysis, deep learning (DL) has become an important means to predict financial market movements, process text information and improve trading strategies. Analysis is conducted on the influence of trade and financial opening on the volatility of real exchange rate. Through the empirical test of panel data of 45 major countries in the world, the pooled ordinary least square (OLS) method and instrumental variable method are used to evaluate the influence of trade and financial opening of sample countries on the volatility of real exchange rate. The main conclusions are that trade openness is negatively correlated with the volatility of real exchange rate, and financial openness is positively correlated with the volatility of real exchange rate. A certain reference is provided for reducing the fluctuation of real exchange rate in the process of opening to the world.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Multidrug resistance (MDR) occurs frequently after long-term chemotherapy, resulting in refractory cancer and tumor recurrence. Therefore, combatting MDR is an important issue. Autophagy, a ...self-degradative system, universally arises during the treatment of sensitive and MDR cancer. Autophagy can be a double-edged sword for MDR tumors: it participates in the development of MDR and protects cancer cells from chemotherapeutics but can also kill MDR cancer cells in which apoptosis pathways are inactive. Autophagy induced by anticancer drugs could also activate apoptosis signaling pathways in MDR cells, facilitating MDR reversal. Therefore, research on the regulation of autophagy to combat MDR is expanding and is becoming increasingly important. We summarize advanced studies of autophagy in MDR tumors, including the variable role of autophagy in MDR cancer cells.
Cancer is rapidly becoming the top killer in the world. Most of the FDA approved anticancer drugs are organic molecules, while metallodrugs are very scarce. The advent of the first metal based ...therapeutic agent, cisplatin, launched a new era in the application of transition metal complexes for therapeutic design. Due to their unique and versatile biochemical properties, ruthenium-based compounds have emerged as promising anti-cancer agents that serve as alternatives to cisplatin and its derivertives. Ruthenium(
iii
) complexes have successfully been used in clinical research and their mechanisms of anticancer action have been reported in large volumes over the past few decades. Ruthenium(
ii
) complexes have also attracted significant attention as anticancer candidates; however, only a few of them have been reported comprehensively. In this review, we discuss the development of ruthenium(
ii
) complexes as anticancer candidates and biocatalysts, including arene ruthenium complexes, polypyridyl ruthenium complexes, and ruthenium nanomaterial complexes. This review focuses on the likely mechanisms of action of ruthenium(
ii
)-based anticancer drugs and the relationship between their chemical structures and biological properties. This review also highlights the catalytic activity and the photoinduced activation of ruthenium(
ii
) complexes, their targeted delivery, and their activity in nanomaterial systems.
This review covers ruthenium(
ii
) complexes as anticancer drugs in single molecules and nanomaterials and includes targets, mechanisms, SAR, PDT and nano-systems.
This paper proposes a novel approach to person re-identification, a fundamental task in distributed multi-camera surveillance systems. Although a variety of powerful algorithms have been presented in ...the past few years, most of them usually focus on designing hand-crafted features and learning metrics either individually or sequentially. Different from previous works, we formulate a unified deep ranking framework that jointly tackles both of these key components to maximize their strengths. We start from the principle that the correct match of the probe image should be positioned in the top rank within the whole gallery set. An effective learning-to-rank algorithm is proposed to minimize the cost corresponding to the ranking disorders of the gallery. The ranking model is solved with a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) that builds the relation between input image pairs and their similarity scores through joint representation learning directly from raw image pixels. The proposed framework allows us to get rid of feature engineering and does not rely on any assumption. An extensive comparative evaluation is given, demonstrating that our approach significantly outperforms all the state-of-the-art approaches, including both traditional and CNN-based methods on the challenging VIPeR, CUHK-01, and CAVIAR4REID datasets. In addition, our approach has better ability to generalize across datasets without fine-tuning.
Modern large wind farms are required to provide frequency regulation service like conventional synchronous generation units. The frequency support capability of modern wind farms has been widely ...investigated and implemented. Remotely located large offshore wind farms are probably connected to the onshore system grid through voltage-source converter-based-high voltage direct current (VSC-HVdc) transmission systems. Due to the decoupling of VSC-HVdc and signal transmission delay, offshore wind farms may not be able to respond to the onshore grid frequency excursion in time and, consequently, the stability and security of the power system will be put at risk, especially for those with high wind penetration. This paper proposes a coordinated control scheme to allow VSC-HVdc link to contribute to the system frequency regulation by adjusting its dc-link voltage. By means of this approach, the dc capacitors of VSC-HVdc are controlled to absorb or release energy so as to provide frequency support. To further enhance the system frequency response, the frequency support from VSC-HVdc is also finely coordinated with that from offshore wind farm according to the latency of offshore wind farm responding to onshore grid frequency excursion. The control scheme is evaluated for both underfrequency and overfrequency events, and results are presented to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 mediated ferritinophagy is an autophagic phenomenon that specifically involves ferritin to release intracellular free iron. Ferritinophagy is implicated in maintaining ...efficient erythropoiesis. Notably, ferritinophagy also plays a central role in driving some pathological processes, including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and urinary tract infections. Some evidence has demonstrated that ferritinophagy is critical to induce ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a newly nonapoptotic form of cell death, characterized by the accumulation of iron‐based lipid reactive oxygen species. Ferroptosis plays an important role in inhibiting some types of cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. Conversely, the activation of ferroptosis accelerates neurodegeneration diseases, including PD and Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms related to ferritinophagy and ferroptosis. Moreover, the distinctive effects of ferritinophagy in human erythropoiesis and some pathologies, coupled with the promotive or inhibitory role of tumorous and neurodegenerative diseases mediated by ferroptosis, are elucidated. Obviously, activating or inhibiting ferroptosis could be exploited to achieve desirable therapeutic effects on diverse cancers and neurodegeneration diseases. Interrupting ferritinophagy to control iron level might provide a potentially therapeutic avenue to suppress urinary tract infections.
Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)‐mediated ferritinophagy is an autophagic phenomenon that specifically involves ferritin to release intracellular free iron. Ferritinophagy plays a central role in maintaining efficient erythropoiesis and driving urinary tract infections. Ferritinophagy is critical to induce ferroptosis, a newly nonapoptotic form of cell death that inhibits some types of cancers and accelerates neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains one of the major impediments for efficacious cancer chemotherapy. Increased efflux of multiple chemotherapeutic drugs by transmembrane ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) ...transporter superfamily is considered one of the primary causes for cancer MDR, in which the role of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp/ABCB1) has been most well‐established. The clinical co‐administration of P‐gp drug efflux inhibitors, in combination with anticancer drugs which are P‐gp transport substrates, was considered to be a treatment modality to surmount MDR in anticancer therapy by blocking P‐gp‐mediated multidrug efflux. Extensive attempts have been carried out to screen for sets of nontoxic, selective, and efficacious P‐gp efflux inhibitors. In this review, we highlight the recent achievements in drug design, characterization, structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies, and mechanisms of action of the newly synthetic, potent small molecules P‐gp inhibitors in the past 5 years. The development of P‐gp inhibitors will increase our knowledge of the mechanisms and functions of P‐gp‐mediated drug efflux which will benefit drug discovery and clinical cancer therapeutics where P‐gp transporter overexpression has been implicated in MDR.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Cross-linguistically, how adverbs of different classes interact in constituent-movement has recently attracted increasing attention with respect to the minimality condition (MC). This paper explores ...the similarities and differences between English and Chinese adverb classes in their blocking patterns in the context of wh-movement. We argue that the key difference results from the typological division of the two languages, that is, whether a wh-form undergoes movement. It moves in English, therefore making potential wh-movability a factor in calculating minimality, whereas it is wh-in-situ in Chinese. Without wh-movement, the potential wh-movability becomes irrelevant for minimality. The paper further argues that MC should be divided into two separate conditions: 1) Attract the closest attractable constituent to induce movement, and 2) Filter out the outcome of movement if there exists an intervening constituent C that is qualified typologically for potential movability. The revised version of the MC not only
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