Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a pre-dementia symptom strongly predicting cognitive decline and dementia. Although advancements in elucidating the epidemiology of MCR, the evidence about ...the association between sarcopenia, sarcopenia parameters, and MCR remains scarce.
The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between sarcopenia, sarcopenia parameters, and MCR among community-dwelling Chinese older adults.
A total of 4,184 community-dwelling older adults from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in the 2011 waves were included. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Sarcopenia parameters included handgrip strength (HGS), height-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/Ht
), and five-times sit-to-stand test time (FTSSTT). MCR was defined as subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait speed without dementia or impaired mobility. The associations between sarcopenia, sarcopenia parameters, and MCR were conducted using the logistic regression model. The restricted cubic spline with four knots were performed to determine the nonlinear and linear relationships between HGS, ASM/Ht
, FTSSTT, and MCR.
The prevalence of MCR in wave 2011 of CHARLS was 11.2%. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found sarcopenia odd ratio (OR) (95% CI): 1.70 (1.13 ~ 2.54),
= 0.011, lower HGS 0.97 (0.96 ~ 0.99),
= 0.001, and more FTSSTT 1.12 (1.10 ~ 1.15),
< 0.001 were significantly associated with a higher risk of MCR. There was an inverse linear dose-response between HGS and MCR (
for overall = 0.008, p for nonlinearity =0.776). The nonlinear relationship between FTSSTT and MCR was found (
for overall <0.001,
for nonlinearity = 0.025) with FTSSTT ≥29 s being associated with a higher risk of MCR. A dose-response relationship was not found between ASM/Ht
and MCR (
for overall =0.589).
Sarcopenia, lower HGS, and higher FTSSTT are associated with MCR among older adults in China, while the latter two exhibit a dose-response relationship with MCR. It is suggested that timely identification and management of sarcopenia and its parameters may help delay the progression of cognitive impairment and promote healthy aging.
Conventional exercises (CEs) can provide health benefits for older adults, but the long-term exercise adherence rate is low. As an emerging, stimulating, and self-motivating strategy, exergames (EGs) ...are defined as combinations of exercises and games that users carry out through physical actions. They can promote exercise, but the health effects of EGs versus CEs on the physical function and mental health (cognitive function, depression, and quality of life) of older adults remain controversial.
The aim of the study is to compare the health benefits of EGs versus those of CEs for the physical function and mental health of older adults.
A comprehensive search was conducted from the earliest available date to February 2023 in the following 6 databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. All English-language randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of EGs versus those of CEs on the physical function and mental health of older adults, with nearly same physical activity between the 2 interventions, were included. Risk of bias was independently evaluated by 2 authors using the Cochrane risk of bias in randomized trials tool. Two authors independently extracted data. We followed the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions to process and analyze the data for meta-analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs were used for continuous data, and random models were used for analyses.
We included 12 studies consisting of 919 participants in total. Of these, 10 studies were eventually included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that EGs versus CEs exhibited no significant differences in physical (P=.13; τ
=0.31; χ
=26.6; I
=77%; SMD=0.37; 95% CI -0.11 to 0.86) or cognitive function (P=.63; τ
=0.01; χ
=3.1; I
=4%; SMD=0.09; 95% CI -0.27 to 0.44) effects.
Our findings indicate no significant difference between EGs and CEs in improving the physical function and cognitive function of older adults. Future studies are required to compare the effects of EGs versus those of CEs on cognitive function according to cognitive status, quantify the "dose-effect" relationship between EGs and health benefits, and evaluate the effects of different types and devices of EGs with regard to the health benefits of older adults.
PROSPERO CRD42022322734; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=322734.
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether nuclear factor erythroid 2p45‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) overexpression by gene transfer may protect neurons/glial cells and the association ...between neurons/glial cells and axons in spinal cord injury (SCI). In the present study, Nrf2 recombinant adenovirus (Ad) vectors were constructed. The protein levels of Nrf2 in the nucleus and of the Nrf2‑regulated gene products heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) and NAD (P)H‑quinone oxidoreductase‑1 (NQO1), were detected using western blot analysis in PC12 cells following 48 h of transfection. Furthermore, the expression of Nrf2 was localized using an immunofluorescence experiment, and the expression of Nrf2, HO‑1 and NQO1 were detected using an immunohistochemical experiment in the grey matter of spinal cord in rats. Post‑injury motor behavior was assessed via the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor scale method. In PC12 cells, subsequent to Ad‑Nrf2 transfection, nuclear Nrf2, HO‑1 and NQO1 levels were significantly increased compared with the control (P<0.01). There was statistically significant changes in the PC12‑Ad‑Nrf2 group Nrf2 (1.146±0.095), HO‑1 (1.816±0.095) and NQO1 (1.421±0.138) compared with the PC12‑control group Nrf2 (0.717±0.055), HO‑1 (1.264±0.081) and NQO1 (0.921±0.088) and PC12‑Ad‑green fluorescent protein group Nrf2 (0.714±0.111), HO‑1 (1.238±0.053) and NQO1 (0.987±0.045); P<0.01. The BBB scores of the rats indicated that they had improved functional recovery following the local injection of Ad‑Nrf2. On the third day following the operation, BBB scores in the adenovirus groups (0.167±0.408) were significantly decreased compared with the SCI group (1±0.894; P<0.05). In the injured section of the spinal cord in the rats, the number of positive cells expressing Nrf2, HO‑1 and NQO1 were raised compared with the control and SCI groups, indicating that the adenovirus vector‑mediated gene transfer of Nrf2 promotes functional recovery following spinal cord contusion in rats.
Objective
Acute hematogenous infection is a devastating complication that can occur after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The best strategies for management of this infection remain controversial. ...Two‐stage revision has been well described as the gold standard for the management of chronic late infections. However, there is a paucity of information presently available on the management and outcomes of patients treated for acute hematogenous infections. The purpose of the present study was to report the outcome of acute hematogenous infections following TKA with the treatment of irrigation, debridement, and retention of the prosthetic components.
Methods
Eleven patients who had been diagnosed with acute hematogenous infection of the knee following TKA underwent irrigation and debridement between 2002 and 2012. To improve the efficiency of irrigation, a vacuum constriction device was used and the most sensitive antibiotics were injected into the irrigation saline. The mean age of the 11 patients was 56.3 ± 11.8 years (range, 35–73 years), with 2 male patients (18.2%) and 9 female patients (81.8%). The diagnosis at primary operation was osteoarthritis in three cases, rheumatoid arthritis in seven and osteoarthritis (OA) secondary to fracture in 1. They had pain and swell with the acute onset of pain after a previously well‐functioning TKA, and met the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria for prosthetic joint infection. Before the onset of symptoms in the operated knees, patients had a history of bacteriaemia, and blood culture was consistent with the culture result of local infection. Failure was defined as: (i) death before the end of antibiotic treatment; (ii) a further surgical intervention for treatment of infection was needed; and (iii) life‐long antibiotic treatment, or chronic infection. The prosthesis survivorship, Knee Society Score (KSS) and the factors that may lead to the infection recurrence, such as type of bacteria, age, sex, rheumatoid arthritis, history of diabetes, and interval surgery time, were analyzed.
Results
Among the 11 patients, the most common infecting organisms were staphylococcal and streptococcus species. The 2 staphylococcal species cases included: Staphylococcus epidermidis (1) and Staphylococcus aureus (1); The 7 Streptococcus species cases included: Streptococcus agalactiae (1), β‐Hemolytic Streptococcus (1), Streptococcus pneumonia (3), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1), Viridans streptococci (1) and Enterobacter cloacae (1). The survivorship at the endpoint was 9 in 2 years. The survival rate for patients with a staphylococcal infection was 0%, and 100% for patients infected with non‐staphylococcus species, with a mean KSS of 72.6 points. The duration of symptoms prior to operation and the type of pathogen affected the outcome (P = 0.00).
Conclusions
Patients who developed an acute hematogenous infection with non‐staphylococcus species following operative debridement and continuous irrigation with prosthetic retention had satisfactory outcomes, but patients infected with staphylococcal had poor results. To improve the success rate of treatment, patients should be treated as soon as possible and individually according to the bacterial culture results.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Acute lung injury (ALI), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, which is routinely treated with the administration of systemic glucocorticoids. The current study investigated the distribution ...and therapeutic effect of a dexamethasone(DXM)-loaded immunoliposome (NLP) functionalized with pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) antibody (SPA-DXM-NLP) in an animal model.
DXM-NLP was prepared using film dispersion combined with extrusion techniques. SP-A antibody was used as the lung targeting agent. Tissue distribution of SPA-DXM-NLP was investigated in liver, spleen, kidney and lung tissue. The efficacy of SPA-DXM-NLP against lung injury was assessed in a rat model of bleomycin-induced acute lung injury.
The SPA-DXM-NLP complex was successfully synthesized and the particles were stable at 4°C. Pulmonary dexamethasone levels were 40 times higher with SPA-DXM-NLP than conventional dexamethasone injection. Administration of SPA-DXM-NLP significantly attenuated lung injury and inflammation, decreased incidence of infection, and increased survival in animal models.
The administration of SPA-DXM-NLP to animal models resulted in increased levels of DXM in the lungs, indicating active targeting. The efficacy against ALI of the immunoliposomes was shown to be superior to conventional dexamethasone administration. These results demonstrate the potential of actively targeted glucocorticoid therapy in the treatment of lung disease in clinical practice.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Pregnancy is a condition exhibiting increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, and Fe plays a central role in generating harmful oxygen species. The objective of the present study is to ...investigate the changes in haematological status, oxidative stress and erythrocyte membrane fluidity in anaemic pregnant women after Fe supplementation with and without combined vitamins. The study was a 2 months double-blind, randomised trial. Pregnant women (n 164) were allocated to four groups: group C was the placebo control group; group I was supplemented daily with 60 mg Fe (ferrous sulphate) daily; group IF was supplemented daily with Fe plus 400 μg folic acid; group IM was supplemented daily with Fe plus 2 mg retinol and 1 mg riboflavin, respectively. After the 2-month trial, Hb significantly increased by 15·8, 17·3 and 21·8 g/l, and ferritin by 2·8, 3·6 and 11·0 μg/l, in the I, IF and IM groups compared with placebo. Polarisation (ρ) and microviscosity (η) decreased significantly in other groups compared with placebo, indicating an increase in membrane fluidity. Significant decreases of ρ and η values compared with group C were 0·033 and 0·959 for group I, 0·037 and 1·074 for group IF and 0·064 and 1·865 for group IM, respectively. In addition, significant increases of glutathione peroxidase activities and decreases of malondialdehyde were shown in all treated groups, as well as increases of plasma retinol and urine riboflavin in group IM. The findings show that supplementation with Fe and particularly in combination with vitamins could improve the haematological status as well as oxidative stress and erythrocyte membrane fluidity.
We have shown earlier that administration of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly contributed to recovery of motor function after traumatic spinal cord injury in the adult female rat. ...Using the same standardized animal model, we have now designed a set of experiments to test the hypothesis that LPS preconditioning attenuates stress-related apoptotic processes early after spinal cord trauma. The lower thoracic spinal cord injury in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats was caused by a 10 g weight rod drop from 25 mm on the dural surface of the exposed spinal cord at T10. The rats were randomly assigned to three groups: Sham injury, control (received normal saline alone), and LPS preconditioning (0.2 mg/kg, ip; 72 h prior to the injury). The animals were euthanized at 72 h postinjury. Neuropathologic changes were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. SCI-induced apoptosis were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were examined with immunohistochemistry or Western blotting. Compared with the control group, LPS preconditioning group showed significant improvement in the SCI-induced morphology changes. Furthermore, LPS preconditioning reduced the expressions of apoptotic markers caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax, upregulated the expression of antiapoptotic marker Bcl-2 in the samples of spinal cord. Low-dose LPS attenuated the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the proliferation of glial cells in the site of injury. LPS preconditioning has neuroprotective effects against TSCI in rats due to its antiapoptosis properties as shown by the inhibition of caspase pathway and the upregulation of antiapoptotic protein.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
this study sought to systematically review and synthesize qualitative data to explore older adult exergame experiences and perceptions.
a comprehensive search was conducted in seven databases from ...the earliest available date to May 2022. All qualitative and mixed-method studies available in English and explored exergame experiences in older adults were included. Tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute were used for data extraction and synthesis. Data were extracted using the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Model of Behaviour (COM-B model) as a guide, and a pragmatic meta-aggregative approach was applied to synthesize the findings.
this systematic review identified 128 findings and aggregated 9 categories from the 10 qualitative research articles included, and three synthesized findings were: older adult capability, opportunities in the exergaming program and motivation in the exergaming program. Capability consisted of attitude toward exergames, age- or health-related impairments and exergame knowledge and skills. Opportunities included older adult-friendly exergame design and social influence. Motivation included self-efficacy, support, instruction and feedback, health benefits, as well as unpleasant exergaming experiences.
it is crucial to tailor the exergaming program to suit the older population. We identified barriers and facilitators of implementing exergaming in older adults and found most barriers are surmountable. The results of the current systematic review could provide evidence for the design and implementation of exergaming programs among older adults. The ConQual score of the synthesized findings was assessed as low. Dependability and credibility should be accounted for in future studies to increase confidence.
We performed a meta-analysis of 2 genome-wide association studies of coronary artery disease comprising 1,515 cases and 5,019 controls followed by replication studies in 15,460 cases and 11,472 ...controls, all of Chinese Han ancestry. We identify four new loci for coronary artery disease that reached the threshold of genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). These loci mapped in or near TTC32-WDR35, GUCY1A3, C6orf10-BTNL2 and ATP2B1. We also replicated four loci previously identified in European populations (in or near PHACTR1, TCF21, CDKN2A-CDKN2B and C12orf51). These findings provide new insights into pathways contributing to the susceptibility for coronary artery disease in the Chinese Han population.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To investigate the prevalence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in snails for sale from Fuzhou and Xiamen of Fujian Province.
During 2009-2012, two markets and five restaurants from each city ...were selected as surveillance sites. A. cantonensis infection rate in Pomacea canaliculata, Bellamya aeruginosa and Cipangopaludina cathayensis was examined two times per month. More than 50 P. canaliculata or C. cathayensis, and about 500 g B. aeruginosa were collected in each site. A. cantonensis larvae infection was determined by lung-microscopy in P. canaliculata, and by tissue homogenate method in C. cathayensis and B. aeruginosa, respectively.
In markets, a total of 5,744 P. canaliculata were collected, and the infection rate of A. cantonensis larvae was 13.8% (753/5 744) with the lowest prevalence in 2009 (8.4%, 28/334) and the highest one in 2011 (16.7%, 361/2,160). The overall infection rate of A. cantonensis showed an increasing trend over the past years (P < 0.05). In restaurants, 879 P. canaliculata sn
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