The results of numerous studies have led to the development of supramolecular (assembled) organic substances for use in biomedical imaging as part of comprehensive approaches to the diagnosis of ...diseases. This review summarizes recent advances that have been made in the design and fabrication of assembled organic dyes for fluorescence and photoacoustic bioimaging.
The results of numerous studies have led to the development of assembled organic substances for fluorescence and photoacoustic bioimaging as part of comprehensive approaches to the diagnosis of diseases.
A memristive Chua's circuit regarded as a paradigm is reconsidered to exhibit its extreme multistability in this Letter. Memristor initial state-dependent dynamics is analysed and the coexistence of ...infinitely many attractors related to memristor initial states is revealed by numerical simulations and circuit simulations. The dynamical behaviour just reflects the emergence of extreme multistability in the memristive circuit.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The use of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) in biomedicine is reviewed. To open, its synthesis and regulatory strategies are summarized, and inspiring cutting‐edge work in post‐functionalization ...strategies is highlighted. A brief overview of assembly model of BODIPY is then provided: BODIPY is introduced as a promising building block for the formation of single‐ and multicomponent self‐assembled systems, including nanostructures suitable for aqueous environments, thereby showing the great development potential of supramolecular assembly in biomedicine applications. The frontier progress of BODIPY in biomedical application is thereafter described, supported by examples of the frontiers of biomedical applications of BODIPY‐containing smart materials: it mainly involves the application of materials based on BODIPY building blocks and their assemblies in fluorescence bioimaging, photoacoustic imaging, disease treatment including photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy. Lastly, not only the current status of the BODIPY family in the biomedical field but also the challenges worth considering are summarized. At the same time, insights into the future development prospects of biomedically applicable BODIPY are provided.
Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) is an outstanding fluorescent molecule, with high molar absorption coefficients and good chemical stability. Improvements in self‐assembly technology have fueled the applications of BODIPY in diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes the molecular structure design and self‐assembly strategy of BODIPY, and its applications as a multifunctional theranostic agent in biomedical fields.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The relative age effect (RAE) has been the subject of many studies, but no relevant literature has discussed the phenomenon of RAE in Chinese tennis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that RAE ...significantly contributes to brain drain and other occurrences that create inequity. This paper analyzes the birth dates and year-end rankings of all male players (N = 2697) who participated in China’s junior tennis tournaments (U12, U14, U16) between 2014 and 2019 and who were selected for China’s National Junior Team in 2019 and 2020; the paper classifies the birth dates into quarters and semesters. One of the research objectives of this study is to analyze whether RAE exists in Chinese junior men’s tennis and whether RAE exerts an effect on athletes’ performance. Differences between the observed and expected birthdate distributions were tested using chi-square statistics, and subsequent calculations were tested using odds ratios. The study found that RAE was present in all Chinese junior male tennis sports groups (p<0.001). The percentages of athletes born in the first half of the year were 56.4% (U12), 60.4% (U14), and 60.4% (U16), and the percentages of those born in the first quarter were 34.1% (U12), 36.4% (U14), and 37.1% (U16). Athletes with birth dates closer to the beginning of the year had a higher probability of achieving excellent athletic performance as a result of RAE, whereas those who were born near the end of the year had a more difficult time achieving strong athletic performance.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Azobenzene is a well‐known derivative of stimulus‐responsive molecular switches and has shown superior performance as a functional material in biomedical applications. The results of multiple studies ...have led to the development of light/hypoxia‐responsive azobenzene for biomedical use. In recent years, long‐wavelength‐responsive azobenzene has been developed. Matching the longer wavelength absorption and hypoxia‐response characteristics of the azobenzene switch unit to the bio‐optical window results in a large and effective stimulus response. In addition, azobenzene has been used as a hypoxia‐sensitive connector via biological cleavage under appropriate stimulus conditions. This has resulted in on/off state switching of properties such as pharmacology and fluorescence activity. Herein, recent advances in the design and fabrication of azobenzene as a trigger in biomedicine are summarized.
Azobenzene is a well‐known derivative of stimulus‐responsive molecular switches and has shown superior performance as a functional material in biomedical applications. The results of numerous studies have led to the development of light/hypoxia‐responsive azobenzene for biomedical use. Recent advances in the design and fabrication of azobenzene as a trigger in biomedicine are summarized.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Diarylethene (DAE) photoswitch is a new and promising family of photochromic molecules and has shown superior performance as a smart trigger in stimulus‐responsive materials. During the past few ...decades, the DAE family has achieved a leap from simple molecules to functional molecules and developed toward validity as a universal switching building block. In recent years, the introduction of DAE into an assembly system has been an attractive strategy that enables the photochromic behavior of the building blocks to be manifested at the level of the entire system, beyond the DAE unit itself. This assembly‐based strategy will bring many unexpected results that promote the design and manufacture of a new generation of advanced materials. Here, recent advances in the design and fabrication of diarylethene as a trigger in materials science, chemistry, and biomedicine are reviewed.
Diarylethenes are a new type of photochromic molecules with attractive photofatigue resistance and reversibility. The result of a lot of effort has led to the rapid development of photoresponsive diarylethylenes for smart material applications. The recent advances in the design and assembly of diarylethylene as a multifunctional photoresponsive trigger unit are reviewed.
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This Letter presents a new second-order discrete map model, which is derived from a simple sampling switch-based memristor-capacitor circuit. The memristor-based map model has infinite unstable and ...critical stable fixed points, and exhibits chaotic and hyperchaotic behaviours via a period-doubling bifurcation scenario. These complex dynamical behaviours are confirmed by the phase portraits, iterative sequences and basins of attraction.
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Ultrathin thickness (<1 mm) and ultralow density (<10 mg cm
−3
) are urgent challenges for microwave absorption materials. In this manuscript, we tackle these problems by developing a novel ...CoNi/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogel absorbent
via
a facile
in situ
solvothermal and carbonization process. The resultant CoNi/rGO aerogel with an ultralow density of 7 mg cm
−3
exhibited a hierarchical porous structure and a high surface area, in which CoNi nanospheres with a diameter of about 50-80 nm were evenly decorated onto the surface of the rGO aerogel matrix. Benefitting from these attributes, the CoNi/rGO aerogel exhibited an excellent microwave absorption performance. The minimum RL value of −53.3 dB was achieved with an ultrathin thickness of 0.8 mm at a low filler loading of 7 wt% in the paraffin template, and the effective absorption bandwidth was >3.5 GHz. The investigation of the absorption mechanism revealed that moderate dielectric loss, magnetic loss, good impedance matching and the porous structure contributed to the high microwave absorption. This work opens up a potential strategy to prepare excellent microwave absorbents with ultrathin thickness and ultralow density.
Ultralight CoNi/rGO aerogels exhibit excellent microwave absorption performances at an ultrathin thickness of 0.8 mm.
Summary
Cataract is one of the most important causes of blindness worldwide, with age‐related cataract being the most common one. Agents preventing cataract formation are urgently required. ...Substantial evidences point out aggravated oxidative stress as a vital factor for cataract formation. Nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch‐like erythroid‐cell‐derived protein with CNC homology (ECH)‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) system is considered as one of the main cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stresses. This review discusses the role of Nrf2 pathway in the prevention of cataracts and highlights that Nrf2 suppressors may augment oxidative stress of the lens, and Nrf2 inducers may decrease the oxidative stress and prevent the cataract formation. Thus, Nrf2 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for cataract treatment.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Theranostic systems that permit both diagnosis and treatment in vivo are highly appealing means by which to meet the demands of precision medicine. However, most such systems remain subject to issues ...related to complex molecular design and synthesis, potential toxicity, and possible photoactivity changes. Herein, a novel supramolecular theranostic strategy involving biomarker protein activation (BPA) and a host–guest strategy is proposed. To exemplify BPA, a facile “one‐for‐all” nanotheranostic agent for both albumin detection and cancer treatment is demonstrated, which utilizes a nanoparticulate heavy‐atom‐free BODIPY dye derivative (B4 NPs). The fluorescence and photoactivity of BODIPY dyes are completely suppressed by aggregation‐induced self‐quenching in the nanoparticulate state. However, a Balb/c nude mouse model is used to confirm that following the disassembly of injected B4 NPs, BODIPY specifically binds albumin in vivo, accompanied by significantly enhanced biocompatibility and photothermal conversion efficiency. More importantly, this supramolecular host–guest BPA strategy enables the resultant nanoplatform to act as a facile and efficient strategy for photodynamic and photothermal immunotherapy.
Inspired by nature's ability to achieve molecular self‐assembly, a facile, protein‐derived supramolecular theranostic strategy for multimodal‐imaging‐guided photodynamic and photothermal immunotherapy in vivo is demonstrated.
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