Growing evidence points out that the capacity of organisms to acclimate or adapt to new habitat conditions basically depends on their phenomic plasticity attributes, of which their gut commensal ...microbiota might be an essential impact factor. Especially in aquatic organisms, which are in direct and continual contact with the aquatic environment, the complex and dynamic microbiota have significant effects on health and development. However, an understanding of the relative contribution of internal sorting (host genetic) and colonization (environmental) processes is still unclear. To understand how microbial communities differ in response to rapid environmental change, we surveyed and studied the environmental and gut microbiota of native and habitat-exchanged shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Corresponding with microbial diversity of their living water areas, the divergence in gut microbes of lake-to-river shrimp (CK) increased, while that of river-to-lake shrimp (KC) decreased. Importantly, among the candidate environment specific gut microbes in habitat-exchanged shrimp, over half of reads were associated with the indigenous bacteria in native shrimp gut, yet more candidates presented in CK may reflect the complexity of new environment. Our results suggest that shrimp gut microbiota has high plasticity when its host faces environmental changes, even over short timescales. Further, the changes in external environment might influence the gut microbiome not just by providing environment-associated microbes directly, but also by interfering with the composition of indigenous gut bacteria indirectly.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This work synthesizes a new bifunctional furan derivative (PDMS‐FBZ) through a sequence of hydrosilylation of nadic anhydride (ND) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), reaction of the product with ...p‐aminophenol to form PDMS‐ND‐OH, and its subsequent Mannich reaction with furfurylamine and CH2O. Then, the main chain‐type copolymer PDMS‐DABZ‐DDSQ is prepared through a Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition of PDMS‐FBZ with the bismaleimide‐functionalized double‐decker silsesquioxane derivative DDSQ‐BMI. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirm the structure of this PDMS‐DABZ‐DDSQ copolymer; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) reveal it to have high flexibility and high thermal stability (Tg = 177 °C; Td10 = 441 °C; char yield = 60.1 wt%); contact angle measurements reveal a low surface free energy (18.18 mJ m−2) after thermal ring‐opening polymerization, because the inorganic PDMS and DDSQ units are dispersed well, as revealed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This PDMS‐DABZ‐DDSQ copolymer possesses reversible properties arising from the DA and retro‐DA reactions, suggesting its possible application as a functional high‐performance material.
The PDMS‐DABZ‐DDSQ copolymer reveals high flexibility and high thermal stability (Tg = 177 °C; Td10 = 441 °C; char yield = 60.1 wt%) and a low surface free energy (18.18 mJ m−2) after thermal ring‐opening polymerization, because the inorganic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and DDSQ units are dispersed well.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Chronic non-healing wounds have become a major worldwide healthcare burden. The impact of biofilms on chronic wound infection is well established. Despite increasing understanding of the underlying ...mechanism of biofilm formation in chronic wounds, current strategies for biofilm diagnosis in chronic wounds are still far from ideal. In this review, we briefly summarize the mechanism of biofilm formation and focus on current diagnostic approaches of chronic wound biofilms based on morphology, microbiology, and molecular assays. Innovative biotechnological approaches, such as wound blotting and transcriptomic analysis, may further shed light on this unmet clinical need. The continuous development of these sophisticated diagnostic approaches can markedly contribute to the future implementation of point-of-care biofilm detection in chronic wound care.
The impact of biofilms on delayed wound healing has drawn increasing attention. Their importance led to the establishment of biofilm-based wound care where chronic wounds are treated using multipronged strategies to remove biofilms over wound beds to facilitate the recovery of epithelial integrity.
Current clinical and preclinical diagnostic techniques fail to accurately identify pathogens and the precise location of biofilms over wound surfaces, rendering timely medical or surgical intervention to eradicate biofilms elusive.
Wound blotting is a novel biotechnology that predicts wound outcomes and localizes biofilms on wound surfaces by determining the distribution pattern of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and biofilm mucopolysaccharides. The rapid and objective analysis offered by this technique may assist clinicians in treating chronic wound biofilms.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) serving as aerial base stations is expected to become predominant in the next decade. However, in order, for this technology, to unfold its full potential, ...it is necessary to develop a fundamental understanding of the distinctive features of air-to-ground (A2G) links. As a contribution in this direction, this paper proposes a generic framework for the analysis and optimization of the A2G systems. In contrast to the existing literature, this framework incorporates both height-dependent path loss exponent and small-scale fading, and unifies a widely used ground-to-ground channel model with that of A2G for the analysis of large-scale wireless networks. We derive analytical expressions for the optimal UAV height that minimizes the outage probability of an arbitrary A2G link. Moreover, our framework allows us to derive a height-dependent closed-form expression for the outage probability of an A2G cooperative communication network. Our results suggest that the optimal location of the UAVs with respect to the ground nodes does not change by the inclusion of ground relays. This enables interesting insights about the deployment of future A2G networks, as the system reliability could be adjusted dynamically by adding relaying nodes without requiring changes in the position of the corresponding UAVs. Finally, to optimize the network for multiple destinations, we derive an optimum altitude of the UAV for maximum coverage region by guaranteeing a minimum outage performance over the region.
A novel flying-capacitor-clamped five-level inverter based on bridge modular switched-capacitor topology is proposed in this paper. The inverter features the switched-capacitor circuit with dc-dc ...boosting conversion ability and the multilevel inverter circuit with flying-capacitor-clamped performance. With the special composite structure, the number of components is cut down compared to the topology of the conventional cascaded multilevel inverter. Meanwhile, part of switches can be operated under line voltage frequency, resulting in switching loss reduction. Hence, the potential of system efficiency and power density is released due to embed switched-capacitor circuit. More importantly, the optimized carrier-based phase disposition pulse width modulation method is employed as a control strategy. Under this control strategy, the capacitor voltage self-balance can be realized and quality of output waveforms can be improved significantly. After simulation, the prototype is built to validate the correctness and practicability of the analysis.
Up to now several gravitational-wave events from the coalescences of black hole binaries have been reported by LIGO/VIRGO, and imply that black holes should have an extended mass function. We work ...out the merger rate distribution of primordial black hole (PBH) binaries with a general mass function by taking into account the torques by all PBHs and linear density perturbations. In the future, many more coalescences of black hole binaries are expected to be detected, and the one-dimensional and two-dimensional merger rate distributions will be crucial for reconstructing the mass function of PBHs.
Future wireless networks have a substantial potential in terms of supporting a broad range of complex compelling applications both in military and civilian fields, where the users are able to enjoy ...high-rate, low-latency, low-cost and reliable information services. Achieving this ambitious goal requires new radio techniques for adaptive learning and intelligent decision making because of the complex heterogeneous nature of the network structures and wireless services. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have great success in supporting big data analytics, efficient parameter estimation and interactive decision making. Hence, in this article, we review the thirty-year history of ML by elaborating on supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning and deep learning. Furthermore, we investigate their employment in the compelling applications of wireless networks, including heterogeneous networks (HetNets), cognitive radios (CR), Internet of Things (IoT), machine to machine networks (M2M), and so on. This article aims for assisting the readers in clarifying the motivation and methodology of the various ML algorithms, so as to invoke them for hitherto unexplored services as well as scenarios of future wireless networks.
Aims: This study aimed to (i) evaluate the association between Internet addiction and harmful alcohol use, and (ii) evaluate the associated personality characteristics of Internet addiction as well ...as harmful alcohol use.
Methods: A total of 2453 college students were invited to complete the Chen Internet Addiction Scale, Behavior Inhibition System and Behavior Approach System Scale(BIS/BAS scale), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test from May 2005 to May 2006.
Results: The results demonstrated Internet addiction was associated with harmful alcohol use among college students. College students with Internet addiction had higher scores on the BIS and BAS fun‐seeking subscales. However, college students with harmful alcohol use had higher scores on the BAS drive and fun‐seeking subscales, and lower scores on the BIS subscale.
Conclusions: Internet addiction is associated with harmful alcohol use. Furthermore, fun seeking was the shared characteristic of these two problem behaviors and might contribute to the association. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate the underlying mechanisms accounting for the association between Internet addiction and harmful alcohol use.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The advent of gravitational-wave and multimessenger astronomy has stimulated research on the formation mechanisms of binary black holes (BBHs) observed by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave ...Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo. In the literature, the progenitors of these BBHs could be stellar-origin black holes (sBHs) or primordial black holes (PBHs). In this paper, we calculate the stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) from BBHs, covering the astrophysical and primordial scenarios separately, together with the one from binary neutron stars (BNSs). Our results indicate that PBHs contribute a stronger SGWB than that from sBHs, and the total SGWB from both BBHs and BNSs has a high possibility of being detected by the future observing runs of LIGO/Virgo and the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). On the other hand, the SGWB from BBHs and BNSs also contributes an additional source of confusion noise to LISA's total noise curve, and then weakens LISA's detection abilities. For instance, the detection of massive black hole binary (MBHB) coalescences is one of the key missions of LISA, and the largest detectable redshift of MBHB mergers can be significantly reduced.
Psychological health problems, especially emotional disorders, are common among adolescents. The epidemiology of emotional disorders is greatly influenced by stressful events. This study sought to ...assess the prevalence rate and socio-demographic correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents affected by the outbreak of COVID-19. We conducted a cross-sectional study among Chinese students aged 12–18 years during the COVID-19 epidemic period. An online survey was used to conduct rapid assessment. A total of 8079 participants were involved in the study. An online survey was used to collect demographic data, assess students’ awareness of COVID-19, and assess depressive and anxiety symptoms with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, respectively. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and a combination of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 43.7%, 37.4%, and 31.3%, respectively, among Chinese high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender was the higher risk factor for depressive and anxiety symptoms. In terms of grades, senior high school was a risk factor for depressive and anxiety symptoms; the higher the grade, the greater the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Our findings show there is a high prevalence of psychological health problems among adolescents, which are negatively associated with the level of awareness of COVID-19. These findings suggest that the government needs to pay more attention to psychological health among adolescents while combating COVID-19.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ
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