Metallic lithium (Li) is a promising anode material for next‐generation rechargeable batteries. However, the dendrite growth of Li and repeated formation of solid electrolyte interface during Li ...plating and stripping result in low Coulombic efficiency, internal short circuits, and capacity decay, hampering its practical application. In the development of stable Li metal anode, the current collector is recognized as a critical component to regulate Li plating. In this work, a lithiophilic Cu‐CuO‐Ni hybrid structure is synthesized as a current collector for Li metal anodes. The low overpotential of CuO for Li nucleation and the uniform Li+ ion flux induced by the formation of Cu nanowire arrays enable effective suppression of the growth of Li dendrites. Moreover, the surface Cu layer can act as a protective layer to enhance structural durability of the hybrid structure in long‐term running. As a result, the Cu‐CuO‐Ni hybrid structure achieves a Coulombic efficiency above 95% for more than 250 cycles at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 and 580 h (290 cycles) stable repeated Li plating and stripping in a symmetric cell.
A lithiophilic Cu‐CuO‐Ni hybrid structure is synthesized on a Ni foam substrate as a current collector for lithium (Li) metal anodes. The collective effects of low overpotential of the Cu‐CuO‐Ni hybrid structure for Li nucleation, nanowire array configuration, and the Cu buffer layer are demonstrated to be keys for achieving an outstanding overall performance of the current collector.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Highlights
Detailed summary of current trends in the advancement of flexible EMI shielding materials.
The theoretical shielding mechanisms and the latest concept of "green shielding" index (g
s
) are ...outlined.
Functional applications of flexible EMI shielding materials are introduced from thermal conductivity, hydrophobicity to transparency, sensing even multiple functions.
Exclusive insights in challenges and future design strategies opportunities for flexible EMI shielding materials are provided.
With rapid development of 5G communication technologies, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding for electronic devices has become an urgent demand in recent years, where the development of corresponding EMI shielding materials against detrimental electromagnetic radiation plays an essential role. Meanwhile, the EMI shielding materials with high flexibility and functional integrity are highly demanded for emerging shielding applications. Hitherto, a variety of flexible EMI shielding materials with lightweight and multifunctionalities have been developed. In this review, we not only introduce the recent development of flexible EMI shielding materials, but also elaborate the EMI shielding mechanisms and the index for "green EMI shielding" performance. In addition, the construction strategies for sophisticated multifunctionalities of flexible shielding materials are summarized. Finally, we propose several possible research directions for flexible EMI shielding materials in near future, which could be inspirational to the fast-growing next-generation flexible electronic devices with reliable and multipurpose protections as offered by EMI shielding materials.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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Two-dimensional black phosphorus (2D BP) possesses huge potential in electrochemical energy storage field owing to its unique electronic structure, high charge carrier mobility, and large ...interlayer spacing.
Comparison on the different preparation methods and processes, characteristics, and applications of few-layer BP is presented.
The applications of 2D BP in electrochemical energy storage devices in these years are well reviewed.
Two-dimensional black phosphorus (2D BP), well known as phosphorene, has triggered tremendous attention since the first discovery in 2014. The unique puckered monolayer structure endows 2D BP intriguing properties, which facilitate its potential applications in various fields, such as catalyst, energy storage, sensor, etc. Owing to the large surface area, good electric conductivity, and high theoretical specific capacity, 2D BP has been widely studied as electrode materials and significantly enhanced the performance of energy storage devices. With the rapid development of energy storage devices based on 2D BP, a timely review on this topic is in demand to further extend the application of 2D BP in energy storage. In this review, recent advances in experimental and theoretical development of 2D BP are presented along with its structures, properties, and synthetic methods. Particularly, their emerging applications in electrochemical energy storage, including Li
−
/K
−
/Mg
−
/Na-ion, Li–S batteries, and supercapacitors, are systematically summarized with milestones as well as the challenges. Benefited from the fast-growing dynamic investigation of 2D BP, some possible improvements and constructive perspectives are provided to guide the design of 2D BP-based energy storage devices with high performance.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries with advantages of low cost and high level of safety have been considered as a promising candidate for large-scale energy storage. In this work, a ...freestanding, binder-free cathode comprising hierarchical VS2 in the 1T phase grown directly on a stainless steel mesh (VS2@SS) was developed for aqueous zinc ion batteries. The battery exhibited an excellent Zn ion storage capacity of 198 mA h g−1 and stable cycling performance (above 80% capacity retention over 2000 cycles at 2 A g−1). The detailed structural and chemical composition analyses revealed the phase evolution of VS2 and the reversible Zn ion insertion/extraction mechanism during the charge/discharge process. Notably, with an increased mass loading of VS2 over the commercial level (∼11 mg cm−2), a long-term cycling stability with 90% capacity retention after 600 cycles (only 0.017% loss per cycle) could be achieved, which suggests that the electrodes are promising for practical applications. Furthermore, flexible solid-state Zn ion batteries were demonstrated by using the VS2@SS electrodes, and reliable electrochemical performance could be observed even after 200 cycles.
The construction of structures with multiple interfaces and dielectric/magnetic heterostructures enables the design of materials with unique physical and chemical properties, which has aroused ...intensive interest in scientific and technological fields. Especially, for electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption, enhanced interface polarization and improved impedence match with high Snoek's limitation could be achieved by multiple interfaces and dielectric/magnetic heterostructures, respectively, which are benificial to high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA). However, by far, the principles in the design or construction of structures with multiple interfaces and dielectric/magnetic heterostructures, and the relationships between those structures or heterostructures and their EWA performance have not been fully summarized and reviewed. This article aims to provide a timely review on the research progresses of high-efficency EM wave absorbers with multiple interfaces and dielectric/magnetic heterostructures, focusing on various promising EWA materials. Particularly, EM attenuation mechanisms in those structures with multiple interfaces and dielectric/magnetic heterostructures are discussed and generalized. Furthermore, the changllenges and future developments of EM wave absorbers based on those structures are proposed.
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•First comprehensive review of electromagnetic wave absorber designs from principles to performance.•Systematic summary of multiple interfaces design based on different structural morphologies,and heterostructures construction from different phases by dielectric and magnetic nanomaterials.•Outlook of the potential design strategies for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbers.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Highlights
WS
2
–rGO nanosheets with ultra-small thicknesses and ultra-lightweight, were successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal method.
The WS
2
–rGO isomorphic heterostructures exhibited ...remarkable microwave absorption properties.
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are categorized as a new class of microwave absorption (MA) materials owing to their high specific surface area and peculiar electronic properties. In this study, 2D WS
2
–reduced graphene oxide (WS
2
–rGO) heterostructure nanosheets were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process; moreover, their dielectric and MA properties were reported for the first time. Remarkably, the maximum reflection loss (RL) of the sample–wax composites containing 40 wt% WS
2
–rGO was − 41.5 dB at a thickness of 2.7 mm; furthermore, the bandwidth where RL < − 10 dB can reach up to 13.62 GHz (4.38–18 GHz). Synergistic mechanisms derived from the interfacial dielectric coupling and multiple-interface scattering after hybridization of WS
2
with rGO were discussed to explain the drastically enhanced microwave absorption performance. The results indicate these lightweight WS
2
–rGO nanosheets to be potential materials for practical electromagnetic wave-absorbing applications.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Flexible and wearable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material is one of the current research focuses in the field of EMI shielding. In this work, for the first time, WS2-carbon fiber ...(WS2-CF) composites are synthesized by implanting WS2, which has a multiphase structure and a large number of defects, onto the surface of carbon fiber (CF) by using a simple one-step hydrothermal method, and are applied to protect electronic devices from EMI. It is found that the EMI shielding performance of WS2-CF is significantly improved, especially for those at S and C-bands. At 2 GHz, the EMI shielding efficiency could reach 36.0 dB at a typical thickness of 3.00 mm of the composite, which is much better than that of pure CF (25.5 dB). Besides paving a novel avenue to optimize the electromagnetic shielding performance of flexible and wearable CF-based EMI shielding materials, which have great potential in the practical application for EMI shielding, this work provides a new paradigm for the design and synthesis of EMI shielding materials which have a broad application prospect.
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•The flexible EMI shielding structure was constructed by WS2/CF via a one-step hydrothermal method.•The special 2D conductive networks of the WS2/CF heterostructures can produce excellent shielding performance.•The shielding materials could realize efficient green EMI shielding, especially for low-frequency of S-band and C-band.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes were successfully synthesized with a facile hydrothermal method on 3D (three-dimensional) graphene grown by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). The hydrothermal ...temperature and time were optimized to improve the performance of the composite as a binder-free supercapacitor electrode. The Ni(OH)2/3D graphene composite synthesized at 180°C for 3h shows high specific capacitance of 1450F/g at a current density of 5A/g. Even when the discharge current density increases to 60A/g, a specific capacitance of 1196F/g is still retained, highlighting the remarkable rate capability of our composite electrode. It also shows good capacity retention of 78% after 1000 charge-discharge cycles, presenting the excellent cycle stability. These impressive results suggest that the composite is a promising electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Although some progress has been made in flexible supercapacitors (SCs), their high energy density, mechanical robustness, and device-level editability and programmability are still highly desirable ...for the development of advanced portable and miniaturized electronics, especially considering the fact that these flexible devices are likely to experience some mechanical impact and potential damage. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of hybrid electrodes containing self-assembled 2D metal–organic framework (MOF)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) papers, which not only efficiently alleviate the self-restacking of rGO and the MOF but also maintain high electrical conductivity (0.32 Ω cm), excellent flexibility and mechanical properties with a Young's modulus of 34.4 GPa and a tensile strength of 89.9 MPa. In addition, a one-for-two strategy is introduced to construct two types of porous electrodes for flexible asymmetric SCs via a one MOF-derived synthesis route with simply changing metal ion precursors. As a consequence, the flexible asymmetric SCs possess a high volumetric energy density of 1.87 mW h cm −3 and an outstanding volumetric power density of 250 mW cm −3 . More importantly, the all-solid-state asymmetric SCs exhibit high editability and bending-tolerance properties and perform very well under various severe service conditions, such as being seriously cut, bent, and heavily loaded. Particularly, the operations of micro-SCs with artistically designed patterns are demonstrated. Being high-strength, easily programmable and connectable in series and in parallel, the editable supercapacitor is promising for developing stylish energy storage devices to power various portable, miniaturized, and wearable devices.
Rational design of cost-effective, nonprecious metal-based catalysts with a desirable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance by a simple and economical synthesis route is a great challenge for ...the commercialization of future fuel cell and metal-air batteries. Herein, light-weight 3D Co-N-doped hollow carbon spheres (Co-NHCs) have been fabricated via a facile emulsion approach followed by carbonization. The prepared 0.1-Co-NHCs catalyst with suitable Co doping content exhibits favorable ORR catalytic activity (onset potential of 0.99 V and half-wave potential of 0.81 V vs. RHE), comparable to that of commercial Pt-C (onset potential of 1.02 V and half-wave potential of 0.83 V vs. RHE) and rivals that of Pt-C with better cycling stability. The excellent performance of the catalyst is attributed to the synergetic effect of Co and N doping with a high total ratio of active sites, high surface area and good conductivity of the material. More impressively, the assembled rechargeable zinc-air batteries based on the 0.1-Co-NHCs catalyst outperform those afforded by commercial Pt-C. The progress presented in this reported work is of great importance in the development of outstanding non-noble metal based electrocatalysts for the fuel cell and metal-air battery industry.
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