This paper examines the characteristics of the asymmetric flow associated with tropical cyclone (TC) motion using the Final Analysis dataset produced after the Tropical Cyclone Motion Experiment ...(TCM-90). The wind data vertically-integrated between 850 and 300 hPa around a TC are first separated into an environment flow and a vortex circulation using the filtering algorithm of Kurihara et al. (1995). The latter is then Fourier-decomposed azimuthally to obtain the symmetric and asymmetric components. Nine TCs that occurred during the TCM-90 Experiment are examined. For generally westward-moving TCs, the wavenumber-1 (WN-1) component is found to dominate the asymmetric flow. However, its pattern does not always exhibit a pair of counterrotating gyres as would be expected from previous modelling results (Fiorino and Elsberry, 1989). Further, the ventilation flow associated with WN-1 does not necessarily point towards the northwest. For a TC undergoing recurvature, the WN-2 flow becomes significant, and even has a larger magnitude than the WN-1 component, starting from about one day before recurvature. Consistent with the modelling results of Williams and Chan (1994), the WN-2 component also rotates counter-clockwise with time. The growth and decay of the asymmetric components result from the interaction between the environmental flow and the symmetric flow of the TC through an energy exchange, in addition to such exchanges between the asymmetric components. Energy generally flows from the environment and the symmetric circulation of the TC to the WN-1 component during intensification but vice versa when the TC is weakening. The growth of the WN-2 component in recurving TCs is due to a transfer of energy from the environment, the symmetric circulation and the WN-1 flow. It is for this reason that the WN-1 flow becomes weaker than the WN-2 flow in such cases. The WN-1 component of fast-moving TCs is found to extract energy from the WN-2 component, in addition to those from the environment and the symmetric flow.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This paper describes a system capable of classifying stochastic self-affine nonstationary signals produced by nonlinear systems. The classification and the analysis of these signals are important ...because these are generated by many real-world processes. The first stage of the signal classification process entails the transformation of the signal into the multifractal dimension domain, through the computation of the variance fractal dimension trajectory (VFDT). Features can then be extracted from the VFDT using a Kohonen self-organizing feature map. The second stage involves the use of a complex domain neural network and a probabilistic neural network to determine the class of a signal based on these extracted features. The results of this paper show that these techniques can be successful in creating a classification system which can obtain correct classification rates of about 87% when performing classification of such signals without knowing the number of classes.
Front end-of-line (FEOL) front side and back side defect investigations revealed a previously unknown back side defect mechanism that may negatively affected die sort yields. Using the AMAT ...SEMVisiontrade and Compasstrade tools, the KLA-Tencor AITtrade and SP1 BSIMtrade tools, and the JEOL SEMtrade, a detailed FEOL front side and back side defect partition showed that several defect mechanisms were operating in the FEOL and a previously unknown back side defect mechanism was newly identified. These new defects were large gauge/scratch type defects greater than 100 mum and were found, prior to processing in our facility, on every incoming silicon wafer from several silicon substrate suppliers. The new back side defect data enabled the Si suppliers to identify the root cause to be a marginal furnace anneal process and marginal boat configuration at their various manufacturing sites. This FEOL back side defect characterization revealed a previously unknown defect mechanism that affected every production starting Si wafer from those suppliers and corrective actions are in place at each supplier sites to reduce and eliminate them
The Collaborative Computing Frameworks toolkit enables cooperative computer-based work among collaborators at different sites. The collaborators are typically engaged in scientific endeavors, but CCF ...offers integrated support for any collaboration that depends heavily on distributed computational transformations and data management.
Combining agents with different mechanisms of action may be necessary for meaningful results in treating ALS. The combinations of minocycline-creatine and celecoxib-creatine have additive effects in ...the murine model. New trial designs are needed to efficiently screen the growing number of potential neuroprotective agents. Our objective was to assess two drug combinations in ALS using a novel phase II trial design. We conducted a randomized, double-blind selection trial in sequential pools of 60 patients. Participants received minocycline (100 mg)-creatine (10 g) twice daily or celecoxib (400 mg)-creatine (10 g) twice daily for six months. The primary objective was treatment selection based on which combination best slowed deterioration in the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R); the trial could be stopped after one pool if the difference between the two arms was adequately large. At trial conclusion, each arm was compared to a historical control group in a futility analysis. Safety measures were also examined. After the first patient pool, the mean six-month decline in ALSFRS-R was 5.27 (SD=5.54) in the celecoxib-creatine group and 6.47 (SD=9.14) in the minocycline-creatine group. The corresponding decline was 5.82 (SD=6.77) in the historical controls. The difference between the two sample means exceeded the stopping criterion. The null hypothesis of superiority was not rejected in the futility analysis. Skin rash occurred more frequently in the celecoxib-creatine group. In conclusion, the celecoxib-creatine combination was selected as preferable to the minocycline-creatine combination for further evaluation. This phase II design was efficient, leading to treatment selection after just 60 patients, and can be used in other phase II trials to assess different agents.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We present the first measurement of cross-correlation between the lensing potential, reconstructed from cosmic microwave background (CMB) {\it polarization} data, and the cosmic shear field from ...galaxy shapes. This measurement is made using data from the POLARBEAR CMB experiment and the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. By analyzing an 11~deg\(^2\) overlapping region, we reject the null hypothesis at 3.5\(\sigma\)\ and constrain the amplitude of the {\bf cross-spectrum} to \(\widehat{A}_{\rm lens}=1.70\pm 0.48\), where \(\widehat{A}_{\rm lens}\) is the amplitude normalized with respect to the Planck~2018{} prediction, based on the flat \(\Lambda\) cold dark matter cosmology. The first measurement of this {\bf cross-spectrum} without relying on CMB temperature measurements is possible due to the deep POLARBEAR map with a noise level of \({\sim}\)6\,\(\mu\)K-arcmin, as well as the deep HSC data with a high galaxy number density of \(n_g=23\,{\rm arcmin^{-2}}\). We present a detailed study of the systematics budget to show that residual systematics in our results are negligibly small, which demonstrates the future potential of this cross-correlation technique.
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