Due to the shortage of fossil energy, environmental pollution, climate change and a series of problems, China is developing photovoltaic (PV) energy and other clean sources of energy. The flexible ...application of photovoltaic energy makes is an ideal choice. First, this paper clearly describes the significance of the economic value of a PV + model, analyzes its composition of, and then builds the PV + economic value evaluation model. Finally, a PV + model from the agriculture and aquaculture industry is taken as an example to evaluate its economic value. Through data calculations, the feasibility of the PV + economic value evaluation model proposed in this paper is verified. The results show that the model can not only promote the development of photovoltaic energy, but also bring a spillover value to the decentralized economy. The contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) The existence of the spillover value of a PV + model is proposed for the first time. (2) The value of the distributed PV + model is revealed from its essential attributes and characteristics, and a method for the quantitative calculation of the spillover value is proposed. (3) Three cases of the spillover value for the economic value of the PV + model are proposed, and the relationship between the spillover value and local adoption of PV + model to absorb distributed PV is discussed.
We are witnessing increasing interests in developing "smart cities" which helps improve the efficiency, reliability, and security of a traditional city. An important aspect of developing smart cities ...is to enable "smart transportation," which improves the efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability of city transportation means. Meanwhile, the increasing use of GPS devices has led to the emergence of big trajectory data that consists of large amounts of historical trajectories and real-time GPS data streams that reflect how the transportation networks are used or being used by moving objects, e.g., vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians. Such big trajectory data provides a solid data foundation for developing various smart transportation applications, such as congestion avoidance, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and effective traffic accident response, etc. Instead of proposing yet another specific smart transportation application, we propose the parallel-distributed network-constrained moving objects database (PD-NMOD), a general framework that manages big trajectory data in a scalable manner, which provides an infrastructure that is able to support a wide variety of smart transportation applications and thus benefiting the smart city vision as a whole. The PD-NMOD manages both transportation networks and trajectories in a distributed manner. In addition, the PD-NMOD is designed to support general SQL queries over moving objects and to efficiently process the SQL queries on big trajectory data in parallel. Such design facilitates smart transportation applications to retrieve relevant trajectory data and to conduct statistical analyses. Empirical studies on a large trajectory data set collected from 3,500 taxis in Beijing offer insight into the design properties of the PD-NMOD and offer evidence that the PD-NMOD is efficient and scalable.
This study uses the improved Cobb-Douglas two-factor production function model to explore the potential relationship between economic growth and energy consumption through the multiple co-integration ...test on the panel data of China from 1985 to 2018. The results show that there is a positive long-term balance between energy consumption and economic growth: economic growth of 1%, total energy consumption growth of 1.53%, which means that economic growth needs higher energy support in the former short term. At the same time, the error correction term will converge energy consumption to a long-term equilibrium state with an adjustment intensity of 134.59%. From the results of variance decomposition, we can also see that as the number of periods increases, the part of real economic growth explained by energy consumption gradually increases.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Reliability of systems with performance sharing is studied.•Systems allow certain extent of performance deficiency.•Surplus redistribution and maximal redistribution are proposed.•The optimal ...components positioning is also incorporated.
Studies have been done on the reliability modelling of systems with performance sharing mechanism, which is applicable in energy systems, computing systems, pollution treatment systems, etc. Most existing researches share a common assumption that every component must satisfy its demand after proper performance redistribution, i.e., performance sharing. However, some systems may allow certain extent of performance deficiency. In this paper, we consider a system with performance sharing mechanism where the system works as long as the summed weighted deficiency is smaller than the reliable threshold (pre-set value) after two types of performance sharing: surplus redistribution and maximal redistribution. The amount of shared performance is limited by the capacity of bandwidth. A universal generating function technique is adopted to evaluate the system reliability, and numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Given the increasing investment by Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) participants in the renewable energy industry, it is imperative to ascertain how much this investment contributes to economic growth. ...The objective of this study is to ascertain the extent to which renewable energy contributes to economic growth within the Belt and Road Initiative compared to non-renewable energy sources. Prior studies have yet to incorporate oil prices as a variable in the production function, among other output aspects. This study integrates the inclusion of real oil prices as a variable within the production function alongside capital, labor, renewable energy consumption, and non-renewable energy consumption. A cohort including 49 Belt and Road Initiative participants was formed, encompassing data from 1990 to 2019. The data has undergone an initial examination to assess cross-sectional dependence, slope heterogeneity, and structural break(s), and are verified. Hence, third-generation panel data analysis has been utilized. The continuously updated fully modified estimator and continuously updated biased corrected estimator provide evidence supporting the notion that renewable energy plays a substantial role in fostering economic growth within nations participating in the Belt and Road Initiative. Furthermore, this contribution is found to be more pronounced when compared to the impact of non-renewable energy sources. The study's findings inform policy recommendations at both the BRI and national level.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
For sustainable agricultural development, increasing efforts are put on promoting agricultural mechanization and green agricultural development all over the world. Based on the panel data of Chinese ...provincial agriculture from 2002 to 2018, the System Generalized Method of Moments model and mediation model are constructed to explore the paths of agricultural mechanization affecting green agricultural development. The results show that agricultural mechanization can not only promote the green agricultural development directly but also indirectly by transferring the agricultural labor force and increasing fertilizer input. However, because of the surge of pesticide demand, agricultural mechanization also leads to serious pollution indirectly. With the development of large-scale agricultural machinery, the direct promotion of agricultural machinery on green agricultural development will be more significant. However, it will be less efficient to substitute more agricultural labor force with machinery power. The problem of pesticide abuse will also become more serious. Therefore, it is important for green agricultural development to encourage human capital investment in agricultural mechanization. In addition, more attention should be paid to improving the input efficiency of fertilizers and pesticides so that agriculture will be sustainable in production and the ecological environment.
The construction of sponge cities is of great strategic significance to solving the urban water resource problem in the future. According to the policy guidance of sponge city construction, the ...evaluation index system of sponge city construction projects is constructed. In order to overcome the interference caused by the interaction between indexes, a nonadditive measure and Shapley function are combined to determine the weights of attribute indexes, and the generalized Shapley interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic Choquet averaging (GS-IVIULCA) operator is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation value of the schemes. On this basis, a new evaluation method of sponge city construction project selection under an uncertain information environment is presented and empirically evaluated. The results show that the index weight of rainwater collection and utilization is the largest, indicating that decision makers pay more attention to the ecological and environmental benefits of this item in the sponge city construction process.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Accelerating the “double carbon” transformation of the manufacturing industry is the key to achieving the strategic goal of “double carbon” in China, among which the low-carbon development of the ...Beijing manufacturing industry is the top priority. To achieve high-quality development of the manufacturing industry in Beijing, the main task is to reduce carbon emissions and improve efficiency. Therefore, on the basis of the Global Malmquist–Luenberger (GML) index and the system dynamics (SD) method, this study analyzes the green total-factor energy efficiency trends of 25 manufacturing sub-sectors in Beijing from 2006 to 2020 and incorporates the GML index as a key variable into the construction of the SD model. It then explores the path optimization of Beijing’s manufacturing low-carbon development in the 14th Five-Year Plan period via scenario simulation and offers policy recommendations for the green-oriented transition of Beijing’s manufacturing industry. The study finds that Beijing’s manufacturing industry needs to prioritize energy structure optimization and efficient energy utilization and give full play to the city’s advantages in technological innovation and investment while supporting high-end scientific research and innovation projects to confirm the capital city’s strategic position.
The low-carbon transformation of the power industry is of great significance to realize the carbon peak in advance. However, almost a third of China’s CO2 emissions came from the power sector in ...2019. This paper aimed to identify the key drivers of CO2 emissions in China’s power industry with the consideration of spatial autocorrelation. The spatial Durbin model and relative importance analysis were combined based on Chinese provincial data from 2003 to 2019. This combination demonstrated that GDP, the power supply structure and energy intensity are the key drivers of CO2 emissions in China’s power industry. The self-supply ratio of electricity and the spatial spillover effect have a slight effect on increasing CO2 emissions. The energy demand structure and CO2 emission intensity of thermal power have a positive effect, although it is the lowest. Second, the positive impact of GDP on CO2 emissions is decreasing, but that of the power supply structure and energy intensity is increasing. Third, the energy demand of the industrial and residential sectors has a greater impact on CO2 emissions than that of construction and transportation. For achieving the CO2 emission peak in advance, governments should give priority to developing renewable power and regional electricity trade rather than upgrading thermal power generation. They should also focus on promoting energy-saving technology, especially tapping the energy-saving potential of the industry and resident sectors.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Deep belief network (DBN) is an effective deep learning model, which can learn the complex data by extracting features hierarchically. However, the successful application of DBN depends on the ...suitable size of the structure (the number of hidden neurons), which is still an open problem. Currently, the network structure size is basically determined by experience with a time-consuming process. In this article, a complexity-based structural optimization (CBSO) algorithm, based on multiobjective ordinal optimization (MOO), is developed for designing the DBN structure. First, the problem formulation of structural optimization of DBN is given, where the multiple objectives are to minimize the fitting error and complexity. Second, the lower bound for alignment probability in optimizing DBN structure is developed according to MOO. Finally, an effective method to maximize the probability of correct select is given to pursue the good tradeoff between the complexity and the performance. The performance of proposed CBSO algorithm is demonstrated via predicting and controlling water quality of wastewater treatment process (WWTP) using the CBSO-DBN-based model predictive control (MPC) strategy. The simulation results show that the resulting CBSO-DBN can find the better structure design by using CBSO algorithm with smaller fitting error and limited computational complexity, and thereby achieve the better performance in WWTP than its peers. Especially, the CBSO-DBN-MPC improves the control accuracy by 76.16% and computational complexity by 50.45%, respectively.
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