Layered deformation in the Taiwan orogen Huang, T.-Y.; Gung, Y.; Kuo, B.-Y. ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
08/2015, Volume:
349, Issue:
6249
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The underthrusting of continental crust during mountain building is an issue of debate for orogens at convergent continental margins. We report three-dimensional seismic anisotropic tomography of ...Taiwan that shows a nearly 90° rotation of anisotropic fabrics across a 10- to 20-kilometer depth, consistent with the presence of two layers of deformation. The upper crust is dominated by collision-related compressional deformation, whereas the lower crust of Taiwan, mostly the crust of the subducted Eurasian plate, is dominated by convergence-parallel shear deformation. We interpret this lower crustal shearing as driven by the continuous sinking of the Eurasian mantle lithosphere when the surface of the subducted plate is coupled with the orogen. The two-layer deformation clearly defines the role of subduction in the formation of the Taiwan mountain belt.
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The effects of the spatiotemporal evolution of failure threshold heterogeneity on the dynamics of fault criticality, and thus on regional seismogenesis, have attracted strong interest in the field of ...regional seismotectonics. The heterogeneity might be a manifestation of the macroscopic distribution and multiscale strength variation of asperities, the distinct regional stress level, and (microscopically) heterogeneous fault surface roughness or friction regimes. In this study, rather than attempting to mimic the complex microscale slipping physics on a fault surface, sandpile cellular automata were implemented with a straightforward toppling rule. The objective is to examine the influence of distinct configurations of the embedded heterogeneous toppling threshold field on the global system avalanche event statistics. The examination results revealed that increasing the coverage extent and decreasing the compactness of the heterogeneous failure threshold, rather than the magnitude, range of contrast, diversity, or the geometric configuration of the threshold heterogeneity, leads to a systematic increase in the scaling exponent of the avalanche event power law statistics, implying the importance of mutual interaction among toppling sites with distinct thresholds. For tectonic provinces with differing stress regimes evolving spatio temporally, it is postulated that the distinct extent and compactness of the heterogeneous failure threshold are critical factors that manifest in the reported dynamic variations of seismicity scaling.
Personality preference research on medical students and physicians demonstrates that personality preferences may affect one's choice of specialty and transform over the course of one's academic ...career as well as during one's time spent in the clinical setting. The literature offers valuable methods for evaluating medical curricula, understanding medical specialties, and rethinking communication techniques between educators and learners. In line with this encompassing body of work, this study examines the personality preferences of junior doctors and attending physicians from various specialties to investigate how career stage and medical specialty are associated with personality preferences.
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was applied to assess the personality preferences of junior doctors (postgraduates year 1-3) and attending physicians from six major medical specialties. Participants completed a self-administered 93-item questionnaire, while a certified MBTI practitioner explained the personality dichotomies as well as facilitated the self-evaluation process and the questionnaire's interpretation. Contrasted dichotomous scores and radar plots were employed to illustrate the distinction between junior doctors and attending physicians' personality preferences. All analyses were performed using the SAS statistical software, while a Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to quantify the polarisation of personality preferences between junior doctors and attending physicians.
In total, 98 participants were recruited, of whom 59 were attending physicians and 39 were junior doctors. The most common personality types among the junior doctors were ESTJ (15.4%), INTP (12.8%), and ESFJ (10.3%), while among the attending physicians, the most common types were ISTJ (23.7%) and ESTJ (18.6%). Both junior doctors and attending physicians expressed personality preferences for sensing, thinking, and judging. However, compared to the junior doctors, more polarised personality preferences were noted among the attending physicians for sensing (p = 0.038), thinking (p = 0.032), and judging (p = 0.024). Moreover, junior doctors exhibited less distinct personality preferences in this study.
Attending physicians and junior doctors exhibited greater personality inclinations for sensing, thinking, and judging, although the former expressed these personality preferences more strongly than the latter. These findings highlight that, amongst physicians, career stage is strongly associated with the expression of personality preferences.
Many serious public health emergencies around the globe are caused by viral epidemics. Thus, developing a reliable method for viral screening is in high demand. Multiplex assays for simultaneous ...detection and fast screening of high-risk pathogens are especially needed. This study employs metal nanoparticles to generate specific mass spectral signals for different RNA viruses, which enables simultaneous detection of whole viruses by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). We developed a nanoparticle-based sandwich immunosorbent assay as a sensing platform for the detection of viruses and viral nonstructural protein by LDI-MS. Cellulose acetate membrane (CAM) serves as the substrate for the fabrication of the sandwich immunosorbent assay with the advantages of clean mass spectra and high enrichment of analytes. Antibody-modified metal nanoparticles (Ab–MNPs; M = Au or Ag) act as metallic biocodes for the LDI-MS detection. The signal amplification readout for the virus is through the pulsed laser-induced formation of metal cluster ions (M n +; n = 1–3) from the Ab–MNPs which specifically bind on the CAM. Our sensing system is effective for the detection of intact viruses Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of Zika virus (ZIKV), EV71-spiked human serum samples, and the simultaneous detection of EV71 and ZIKV. Our probe efficiently detects EV71 in real clinical serum samples with >95% agreement with RT-qPCR results. This high-throughput LDI-MS viral detection system is simple, reliable, and high-throughput. We believe this platform has the potential to be employed for the routine screening of patients with viral infections.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Abstract
Background
International studies emphasize the importance of depression for women and adolescents. Yet few researchers have used family-based surveys to explore depressive symptomatology of ...mother-adolescent dyads, and less is known about this aspect in Asian community where education is highly valued. The present study builds upon an inter-generational framework by investigating the effect of educational aspiration mismatch on depressive symptomatology in mother-child dyads.
Methods
A total of 1108 Taiwanese mother-child dyads were surveyed when the child was 13 years old, and followed up to two years later. Depressive symptomatology is measured by Symptom Checklist-90 Revised for both mother and child. Comparisons of mother and child's educational aspiration are categorized into three groups: mothers' aspirations are equal to, lower, or higher than their children.
Results
Results from multivariate logistic regression shows that, when mother's education aspiration is higher than that of her child, both mother and child have lowered risks of being depressed (mothers: AOR = 0.60, p < 0.1; children: AOR= 0.42, p < 0.05). On the other hand, children whose mothers' educational level are higher (senior /vocational high school: AOR =1.42, p < 0.1; college and above: AOR =1.81, p < 0.01) and whose mothers emphasize academic achievement (AOR =1.77, p < 0.1) are at greater risks than those without.
Discussions: The results point to the protective role of mother's higher level of education aspiration than the child, although mothers who emphasize academic achievement seem to increase children's depressive symptomatology. Future interventions that aim to promote mental health of adolescents and parents should take the value attributed to education, and the comparison between parental and children's self-aspirations into consideration.
Key messages
Mother and her child lower risks of being depressed when mother’s educational aspiration is higher than that of her child's. Child increases risks of being depressed when his/her mother emphasizes academic achievement.
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Purpose: In this study, we use animal models combined with bioinformatics strategies to investigate the potential changes in overall renal transcriptional expression after traumatic brain injury. ...Methods: Microarray analysis was performed after kidney acquisition using unilateral controlled cortical impact as the primary mouse TBI model. Multi-oriented gene set enrichment analysis was performed for differentially expressed genes. Results: The results showed that TBI affected the gene set associated with mitochondria function in kidney cells, and a negative enrichment of gene sets associated with immune cell migration and epidermal development was also observed. Analysis of the disease phenotype gene set revealed that differential expression of mitochondria-related genes was associated with lactate metabolism. Alternatively, activation and adhesion of immune cells associated with the complement system may promote autoinflammation in kidney tissue. The simulated immune cell infiltration analysis showed an increase in the proportion of activated memory CD4 T cells and a decrease in the proportion of resting memory CD4 T cells, suggesting that activated memory CD4 T cell infiltration may be involved in the inflammation of renal tissue and cause damage to renal cells, such as principal cells, mesangial cells and loops of Henle cells. Conclusion: This study is the first to reveal the effects of brain trauma on the kidney. TBI may affect the expression of mitochondria function-related gene sets in renal cells by increasing lactate. It may also affect renal mesangial cells by inducing increased infiltration of immune cells through mechanisms related to complement system activation or autoimmune antibodies. Keywords: traumatic brain injury, nephropathy, complement system, lactate metabolism, immune cell infiltration
Tomographic models based on hypothetically infinite frequency ray interpretation of teleseismic travel time shifts have revealed a region of relatively low P and S wave speeds extending from shallow ...mantle to 400 km depth beneath Iceland. In reality, seismic waves have finite frequency bandwidths and undergo diffractive wave front healing. The limitation in ray theory leaves large uncertainties in the determinations of the magnitude and shape of the velocity anomaly beneath Iceland and its geodynamic implications. We developed a tomographic method that utilizes the banana‐shaped sensitivity of finite frequency relative travel times from the paraxial kernel theory. Using available seismic data from the ICEMELT and HOTSPOT experiments, we applied the new method to image subsurface velocity structure beneath Iceland. Taking advantage that the sensitivity volume of broadband waveforms varies with frequency, we measured relative delay times in three frequency ranges from 0.03 to 2 Hz for P and 0.02 to 0.5 Hz for S waves. Given similar fit to data, the kernel‐based models yield the root‐mean‐square amplitudes of P and S wave speed perturbations about 2–2.8 times those from ray tomography in the depths of 150–400 km. The kernel‐based images show that a columnar low‐velocity region having a lateral dimension of ∼250–300 km extends to the base of the upper mantle beneath central Iceland, deeper than that resolved by the ray‐based studies. The improved resolution in the upper mantle transition zone is attributed to the deeper crossing of broad off‐path sensitivity of travel time kernels than in ray approximation and frequency‐dependent wave front healing as an intrinsic measure of the distance from velocity heterogeneity to receivers.
Analysis of flow at the gate of Taiwan Strait Wang, Yu-Huai; Chiao, Ling-Yun; Lwiza, Kamazima M. M. ...
Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans,
February 2004, Volume:
109, Issue:
C2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A field survey with ship‐borne acoustic Doppler current profiler was carried out across the Penghu Channel, the gate of Taiwan Strait, from 17 to 20 of May 1999. A new method of least‐squares ...interpolation is used to separate the mean flow from tidal currents. The technique uses Gaussian interpolation functions with local support which also take into consideration the anisotropic nature of the flow structure. Optimal solution is obtained by determining the tradeoff between the misfit and the model order. The analysis indicates that the currents in the Penghu Channel are essentially barotropic and characterized by strong semidiurnal tides and mean flow. The along‐channel averaged tidal velocity amplitudes are 1.2 m s−1 and 0.32 m s−1 for semidiurnal and diurnal tides, respectively. The mean current is uniform with an average northward velocity of 0.73 m s−1. The total transport is about 1.6 Sv, which represents a significant mass and material flux into the East China Sea.
The maximum intersection (MAXI) method, which derives from the master station method (MSM), determines within a 3-D velocity model the absolute hypocentral location based on observed arrival times. ...First, the spatial node that better satisfies the arrival time differences computed at all station pairs, plus or minus an error tolerance value (in seconds), is defined as the preliminary hypocentral solution (PRED). Second, because PRED depends neither on the estimate of origin time nor on the residual root mean square (rms), residual outliers are objectively detected and cleaned out from the original data set without any iterative process or weighting. Third, a statistical minimization (residual rms) is conducted in a small domain around the PRED node, which results in a unique FINAL solution. The MAXI method is applied to the determination of earthquake hypocentres (with the proper station correction terms) in the southernmost extremity of the Ryukyu subduction zone, where several dense seismic clusters occur near the seismogenic plate interface. The location of earthquakes, recorded at both the Taiwanese and Japanese networks, is obtained for about a thousand events (between 1992 and 1997). The process uses a detailed 3-D velocity model based on multiple geophysical data sources obtained in the junction area between subduction and collision (east of Taiwan). The earthquake clustering and the significant drop in residual statistics (1.20, 0.80 and 0.35 s, for Taiwanese catalogue, MSM and MAXIM solutions respectively) indicate the accuracy of the method, which can be used to routinely determine absolute hypocentre location based on observed arrival times.
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