The unexpected accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in Japan, which occurred on March 11th, 2011, after the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami struck the north-eastern coast ...of Japan, released radionuclides into the environment. Today, because of the amounts of radionuclides released and their relatively long half-life, the levels of radiocesium contaminating foodstuffs remain a significant food safety concern. Foodstuffs in Japan have been sampled and monitored for .sup.134,137 Cs since the accident. More than 2.5 million samples of foodstuffs have been examined with the results reported monthly during each Japanese fiscal year (FY, from April 1.sup.st to March 31.sup.st) from 2012 to 2021. A total of 5,695 samples of foodstuffs within the "general foodstuffs" category collected during this whole period and 13 foodstuffs within the "drinking water including soft drinks containing tea as a raw material" category sampled in FY 2012 were found to exceed the Japanese maximum permitted level (JML) set at 100 and 10 Bq/kg, respectively. No samples from the "milk and infant foodstuffs" category exceeded the JML (50 Bq/kg). The annual proportions of foodstuffs exceeding the JML in the "general foodstuffs" category varied between 0.37% and 2.57%, and were highest in FY 2012. The .sup.134,137 Cs concentration for more than 99% of the foodstuffs monitored and reported has been low and not exceeding the JML in recent years, except for those foodstuffs that are difficult to cultivate, feed or manage, such as wild mushrooms, plants, animals and fish. The monitoring data for foodstuffs show the current status of food safety risks from .sup.134,137 Cs contamination, particularly for cultured and aquaculture foodstuffs on the market in Japan.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The reverse-yield factor (RF) database was developed for qualitatively and quantitatively disaggregating Japanese composite foods into raw primary commodity (RPC) ingredients. Representative ...equations for four types (dried, salted, fermented and mixed foods) were developed to calculate RFs using the food content and composition data for composite foods listed in the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan-2020-(STFCJ), published by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. Out of 1150 composite foods identified in the STFCJ, RFs for 54 dried, 41 salted, 40 fermented and 818 mixed foods were obtained. RFs for 197 mixed foods could not be calculated because these foods were produced from ingredients with no specified information and/or through complex processing. The content and composition of Japanese composite foods would be interpreted representatively by RFs in the developed database.
Background: In neurovascular therapy, normally surgeons directly instruct a radiologist to operate a computer on their behalf to maintain sterility in the operative field when reconfirming medical ...images. This process, however, takes time and causes psychological burden.Methods: A touchless interface operated by hand-gestures and voice named "Opect3D" was developed to resolve the above issues. Initially, the Opect3D and conventional verbal communication were compared preclinically. The operation time for deciding the rotation angle and the angular difference against the targeted position were measured and calculated, respectively. Afterwards, Opect3D was utilized in unruptured cerebral aneurysms and the usefulness and psychological burden were surveyed.Results: The mean time using the verbal communication was 24.1 ± 7.9 sec, while using Opect3D was 12.8 ± 5.3 sec per single interaction (p < 0.01). The angular difference using the verbal communication was 9.0 ± 8.4 degrees and 9.4 ± 6.1 degrees using Opect3D (p = 0.87). The survey of usefulness and psychological burden of using Opect3D yielded 4.03 ± 0.73 (p < 0.02) and 4.67 ± 0.54 (p < 0.01), respectively, as a mean value. Scores ranged from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), with 3 corresponding to the verbal communication. Significance was evaluated from the score of 3.Conclusions: Usage of Opect3D was effective in reducing operation time and stress, thus enhancing efficiency and ease of operation.
A 54-year-old woman on dialysis due to chronic renal failure had a fever lasting 2 weeks and was referred to a hospital. Non-enhanced CT and blood tests showed no remarkable findings. She was ...hospitalized and received an antibacterial drug. Although she was discharged after the fever subsided, she was hospitalized again due to a fever a few days later. A contrast-enhanced CT revealed mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and she was transferred to our hospital for a bronchoscopy. Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for subcarinal lymph nodes was performed in our hospital. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test of the obtained specimen was positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis, and histologically, caseous granulomas were found in the specimen. She was diagnosed with mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis, and HREZ (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide) treatment was started. The fever subsided immediately, and she was discharged from our hospital 2 weeks after the initiation of treatment. Thereafter, she received treatment as an outpatient. Since the use of a contrast medium was complicated by dialysis, a non-enhanced CT was performed at first, and it was difficult to make a diagnosis from this. We report this as an informative case that could be diagnosed with EBUS-TBNA, which was easily performed on a patient weakened by prolonged fever and dialysis.
Background
Epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) have become the gold standard for EGFR‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Immune checkpoint ...inhibitors (ICIs) have been developed for the treatment of several malignancies, including lung cancer. However, it is known that ICIs have poorer efficacy in EGFR‐mutated NSCLC.
Methods
We collected data for patients with EGFR‐mutated NSCLC receiving monotherapy with ICIs after EGFR‐TKIs between December 2015 and March 2020 in three institutions, and retrospectively analyzed the association between patient characteristics and efficacy of ICIs.
Results
A total of 25 patients were included in this study. We defined responders as patients undergoing 90 days or longer of ICI treatment. Comparing characteristics between responders and non‐responders, more tumors with L858R EGFR mutation were observed in responders than in non‐responders (L858R: 66.7% and 25.0%, respectively, p < 0.05). There was no difference in incidence of T790M resistance mutation before ICI treatment. The PD‐L1 positive rate was slightly higher in responders but not statistically significant (22.2% and 12.5%, respectively). Median duration of EGFR‐TKI pretreatment was shorter in ICI responders compared with nonresponders (13.3 and 19.9 months, respectively). The survival of patients with L858R tumors was significantly longer than that of patients with exon 19 deletion (HR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13–0.93, p = 0.026).
Conclusions
ICI treatment tends to have better efficacy in patients with L858R‐mutated tumors. This study suggests that patients with L858R‐mutated NSCLC are candidates for ICI treatment after EGFR‐TKI treatment.
Efficacy of ICI in a part of patients with EGFR‐mutated NSCLC was observed. ICI treatments in tumors with L858R mutation achieved a better response than exon 19 deletion. This study suggests that patients with L858R‐mutated NSCLC are candidates for ICI treatment after EGFR‐TKI treatment.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive lung cancer has a better long‐term prognosis with ALK‐inhibitor than other lung cancers. However, resistance to ALK‐inhibitors and the control of ...metastases in the central nervous system (CNS) remain to be a challenge in the management of ALK‐positive lung cancer.
Case
We present the case of a 23‐year‐old man who developed multiple brain metastases while receiving alectinib treatment for ALK‐positive lung cancer. After 3 months of lorlatinib initiation, brain metastases disappeared, and complete response (CR) was maintained.
Conclusion
While lorlatinib can be used as first line therapy, this drug may be considered as second line or later option for patients with multiple brain metastases if the patient has already been treated with other ALK‐inhibitors since lorlatinib is thought to have good CNS penetration. This treatment option should be verified by further research.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The objective of this study is to develop a system in which a breast shape difference image is displayed on the skin surface of a patient using MR glasses, and the user can directly change the ...position and adjust the data directly in the surgical space. Using Hololens2 as the MR glass. We created software that displays 3D shape difference data as a hologram on Hololens2 and can adjust the position manually using Unity. The validity was evaluated using a mannequin phantom, and after confirming the possibility of overlaying an image on the skin within an error of 20 mm, an evaluation was performed during surgery to show the feasibility in the operating room.
Quantitative evaluation indexes of breast shape in breast reconstruction have not yet been established. We developed system to can be calculated the difference 3D information before and during ...mastectomy measured using Kinect V2. Although this system could provide information on breast shape differences to surgeons, surgeons revealed needs to confirm bilateral symmetry with the contralateral breast rather than a shape comparison before mastectomy and during. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a breast reconstruction support system that targets the left-right inverted shape of the contralateral breast.We measured three-dimensional shape data, the contralateral breast was inverted symmetrically on the median plane and calculated the shape difference from the reconstructed breast. We projected it from the projector and compared with the subjective evaluation of the surgeon.The information was evaluated to be close to the subjective evaluation of the surgeon, suggesting that it can quantitatively support symmetrical reconstruction.
Reduction of the moldability of the postoperative breast shape during breast reconstruction has been cited as an issue. We have developed a system that obtains three-dimensional shape difference ...information before mastectomy and during reconstruction, and maps the local shape difference information to the patient's skin superficial. The system evaluation by a plastic surgeon using this system revealed that it was desirable to be able to grasp shape information more quickly. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a system that calculates the shape difference information in real time based on the left and right breast shapes. As a system evaluation, the shape difference during reconstruction was reproduced using a mannequin simulating a patient, and measurement and projection experiments were performed. It is now possible to project the shape difference information onto the skin surface without the process of pasting the shape difference texture onto the three-dimensional shape data.
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