Park J‐C, Kim J‐M, Jung I‐H, Kim JC, Choi S‐H, Cho K‐S, Kim C‐S. Isolation and characterization of human periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cells (PDLSCs) from the inflamed PDL tissue: in vitro and in ...vivo evaluations. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38: 721–731. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2011.01716.x.
Objectives: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) could be isolated from healthy periodontal ligaments (PDL). The aims of this study were to isolate and characterize human PDL stem cells (hPDLSCs) from inflamed PDL tissue, and to evaluate their regenerative potential.
Materials and Methods: Inflamed hPDLSCs (ihPDLSCs) were isolated from the inflamed PDL tissue obtained from intra‐bony defects during flap surgery, and characterized by immunohistochemical staining, colony‐forming unit assay, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, and mRNA expression in comparison with healthy hPDLSCs obtained from extracted teeth for orthodontic purpose. The proliferative potential and migratory potential was evaluated, and compared with healthy hPDLSCs. Regenerative potential was assessed by an in vivo ectopic transplantation model.
Results: ihPDLSCs were successfully isolated and characterized as MSCs. Both ihPDLSCs and hPDLSCs were successfully differentiated under osteogenic/cementogenic and adipogenic microenvironment. The proliferative potential did not differ between healthy hPDLSCs and ihPDLSCs, while the migratory capacity was significantly increased in ihPDLSCs (p<0.05). Both groups exhibited new cementum‐like tissue and related PDL fibre regeneration in an in vivo transplantation model.
Conclusion: ihPDLSCs could be successfully isolated from inflamed PDL tissue, and they retained the regenerative potential for cementum and related PDL tissues.
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BFBNIB, CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Demands for faster and more accurate methods to analyze microbial communities from natural and clinical samples have been increasing in the medical and healthcare industry. Recent advances in ...next-generation sequencing technologies have facilitated the elucidation of the microbial community composition with higher accuracy and greater throughput than was previously achievable; however, the short sequencing reads often limit the microbial composition analysis at the species level due to the high similarity of 16S rRNA amplicon sequences. To overcome this limitation, we used the nanopore sequencing platform to sequence full-length 16S rRNA amplicon libraries prepared from the mouse gut microbiota. A comparison of the nanopore and short-read sequencing data showed that there were no significant differences in major taxonomic units (89%) except one phylotype and three taxonomic units. Moreover, both sequencing data were highly similar at all taxonomic resolutions except the species level. At the species level, nanopore sequencing allowed identification of more species than short-read sequencing, facilitating the accurate classification of the bacterial community composition. Therefore, this method of full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing will be useful for rapid, accurate and efficient detection of microbial diversity in various biological and clinical samples.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
To evaluate long‐term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes of discordant twins delivered at term.
Design
Retrospective cohort study.
Setting
Nationwide (Republic of Korea).
Population
All ...twin children delivered at term between 2007 and 2010.
Methods
The study population was divided into two groups according to inter‐twin birthweight discordancy: the ‘concordant twin group’, twin pairs with inter‐twin birthweight discordancy less than 20%; and the ‘discordant twin group’, twin pairs with inter‐twin birthweight discordancy of 20% or more. The risk of long‐term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes was compared between the concordant twin group and the discordant twin group. Long‐term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes between smaller and larger twin children within twin pairs were further analysed. The composite adverse neurodevelopmental outcome was defined as the presence of at least one of the following: motor developmental delay, cognitive developmental delay, autism spectrum disorders/attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, tics/stereotypical behaviour or epileptic/febrile seizure.
Main Outcome Measures
Long‐term adverse neurodevelopmental outcome.
Results
Of 22 468 twin children (11 234 pairs) included, 3412 (15.19%) twin children were discordant. The risk of composite adverse neurodevelopmental outcome was higher in the discordant twin group than in the concordant twin group (adjusted hazard ratio HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.24). The long‐term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes were not significantly different between smaller and larger twin children in discordant twin pairs (adjusted HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.81–1.28).
Conclusion
In twin pairs delivered at term, an inter‐twin birthweight discordancy of 20% or greater was associated with long‐term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes; and long‐term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes were not significantly different in smaller or larger twin children in discordant twin pairs.
Linked article: This article is commented on by Enrico Lopriore, pp. 1379 in this issue. To view this mini commentary visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17523.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
INTRODUCTION:Traditionally, lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) is not routinely performed in the patients with advanced stage lymphedema due to difficulty with identifying functioning lymphatics. This ...study presents the use of Duplex ultrasound and MR lymphangiogram to identify functional lymphatics and clinical outcome of LVA in advanced stage lower extremity lymphedema patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:This is a retrospective study of 42 patients (50 lower limbs) with advanced lymphedema (stage 2 or 3) which underwent functional LVAs. Functional lymphatic vessels were identified preoperatively using MR lymphangiogram and Duplex ultrasound.
RESULTS:An average of 4.64 LVAs were performed per one limb using the lymphatics located in the deep fat underneath the superficial fascia. The average diameter of lymphatic vessel was 0.61mm (range 0.35-1mm). The average limb volume was reduced 14.0% postoperatively, followed by 15.2% after 3 months, and 15.5% after 6 months and 1 year (p<0.001). For the patients with unilateral lymphedema, 32.4% had less than 10% volume excess compared to contralateral side postoperatively while 20.5% remained to have more than 20% volume excess. The incidence of cellulitis has decreased from 0.84/year to 0.07/year after surgery (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION:This study shows that functioning lymphatic vessels can be identified preoperatively using ultrasound and MR lymphangiogram and thus LVAs can effectively reduce the volume of the limb and improve subjective symptoms in patients with advanced staged lymphedema of the lower extremity.
Objective
Chewing ability may reflect the overall oral health, which affects the general health of the elderly. Therefore, we assessed the association between subjective chewing ability and ...health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among the elderly.
Methods
We analysed the data of 3034 elderly people aged ≥65 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey that was conducted by the Korean government from 2013 to 2015 (KNHANES‐VI). Subjective chewing ability was evaluated using a questionnaire, and HRQOL was assessed using EuroQol 5‐dimension (EQ‐5D) instrument by trained examiners. Covariates, such as socio‐demographic, oral health‐related and general health‐related variables, were investigated.
Results
Logistic regression analysis showed that chewing ability was significantly associated with HRQOL in both crude and adjusted model for covariates such as age, gender, economic activity, residence, education, smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes, remaining teeth, denture, CPI, tooth brushing and oral hygiene (crude OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 2.23‐3.20) (adjusted OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.95‐2.86). Chewing ability was also significantly associated with most dimensions of EQ‐5D, such as motor ability, self‐care, daily activities, pain and discomfort, and anxiety and depression (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Chewing ability was significantly associated with HRQOL, suggesting that elderly people with low chewing ability are more likely to have poor health‐related quality of life.
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CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this study was to evaluate the hourly fetal urine production rate (HFUPR) via three-dimensional ultrasonography in women with isolated oligohydramnios and compare with normal pregnant ...women at term. This was a prospective observational cohort study of 112 women from 34 to 40 6/7 weeks' gestation. They were classified into three groups according to the amniotic fluid index (AFI) and ultrasonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) as isolated oligohydramnios (defined as AFI below 5% and appropriate EFW corresponding to gestational age) (n = 34) and IUGR (defined as EFW below 5% corresponding to gestational age irrespective amniotic fluid) (n = 17), and normal pregnancy (n = 61). HFUPR was measured using three-dimensional virtual organ computer-aided analysis. Adverse perinatal outcomes in all participants were examined. There was no significant difference in HFUPR between patients with isolated oligohydramnios and women with normal pregnancies (median, 40.0 mL/h interquartile range IQR 31.0-66.5 vs. 48.6 31.5-81.2, p = 0.224). HFUPR was significantly decreased in the IUGR group (13.8 mL/h IQR 10.1-24.8), compared to the normal pregnancy group (p<0.001) and the isolated oligohydramnios group (p<0.001). HFUPR was significantly decreased in neonates with adverse perinatal outcomes compared to the control (24.7 mL/h IQR 13.4-47.4 vs. 43.6 29.8-79.0, p = 0.016). HFUPR was not decreased in patients with isolated oligohydramnios but was decreased in patients with IUGR when compared to normal controls at term.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Recent studies suggest that miRNA may be involved in the development of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). We explored the frequency of clinicopathologically relevant mutations and miRNA expression ...in rectal NETs to examine molecular profiles related to prognosis and behavior. Twenty-four eligible specimens with endoscopically excised rectal NETs were selected. Next-generation sequencing and an miRNA expression assay were used to evaluate the expression profile relevant to common genetic mutations in rectal NETs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis predicted that the possible target signaling pathways were correlated with dysregulated miRNAs. Nineteen rectal NETs harbored more than one mutation in the 24 cancer-related genes. Seven miRNAs (hsa-miR-769-5p, hsa-miR-221-3p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-181c-5p, hsa-miR-1246, hsa-miR-324-5p, and hsa-miR-361-3p) were significantly down-regulated in tumors harboring the
mutation. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis showed that up-regulation of these seven miRNAs may result in high mitotic indices, indicating the role of miRNAs in tumor progression. Among the down-regulated miRNAs, hsa-miR-769-5p was strongly correlated with extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and lysine degradation. Among the clinicopathological factors, up-regulated hsa-miR-3934-5p was linked to an increased mitotic count. No change in miRNA expression was associated with a tumor size >1 cm, lymphovascular invasion, or Ki-67 index. In summary, we identified different miRNA signatures involved in
mutations or high mitotic indices in rectal NETs, which may play a critical role in tumor behavior.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
There is a debate regarding the prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in pedunculated T1 colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study with four cases of pedunculated T1 CRCs, we aimed to investigate ...gene expression variations based on the distance from the Haggitt line (HL) and identify potential molecular risk factors for LNM. By leveraging the Cancer Transcriptome Atlas and digital spatial profiling technology, we meticulously analyzed discrete regions, including the head, HL, proximal stalk region (300-1000 μm from HL), and distal stalk region (1500-2000 μm from HL) to identify spatially sequential molecular changes. Our findings showed significant overall gene expression variations among the head, proximal stalk, and distal stalk regions of pedunculated T1 CRCs compared to the control adenoma. Compared to LNM-negative T1 CRCs, LNM-positive T1 CRC showed that the expression of genes involved in immune-related pathways such as
,
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, and
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were significantly downregulated in the distal stalk region compared to the proximal stalk region. In summary, our results may tentatively suggest considering endoscopic resection of the stalk with a minimum 2000 μm margin from the HL, taking into account the gene expression alterations related to immune-related pathways. However, we acknowledge the limitations of this pilot study, notably the small case series, which may restrict the depth of interpretation. Further validation is imperative to substantiate these findings.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this study, alkaline pH-shifting modified the globular structure of mung bean protein isolate (MBPI) to form flexible and stretched structures. In contrast, acidic pH-shifting increased the ...rigidity of MBPI. The increased flexibility (at the level of the secondary structure) and newly exposed intermolecular amino acid groups induced by alkaline pH-shifting improved the water holding capacity and gelation properties of proteins. Specifically, MBPI treated at pH 12 (MP12) showed the most flexible structure and highest water holding capacity and gel formation properties (least gelation concentration). The water-holding capacity of native MBPI increased from 1.56 g/g to 4.81 g/g, and its least gelation concentration decreased from 22 % to 15 % by pH-shifting at pH 12. Furthermore, MP12 formed stronger and more elastic heat-induced gels than native MBPI. We identified significant differences in the structural properties and water holding capacity, and gelation properties of acidic and alkaline pH-shifted MBPI and investigated the gelation properties of MP12 including rheological and morphological analyses. Our findings can facilitate the use of mung beans as a protein source in a wide range of food applications, including plant-based and processed meats.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The current guidelines for survivorship in adolescents and young adults (AYA) cancer are based on studies conducted in the United States and European AYA survivors. However, previous studies have ...shown that the health-related quality of life in cancer survivors can vary depending on race, yet the long-term health differences among AYA survivors by race/ethnicity have not been fully explored. Therefore, our aim is to compare the psychosocial and physical health of AYA survivors and their matched controls across different racial and ethnic groups.
We conducted a cross-sectional study using US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Korea NHANES from 2007 to 2018. We included AYA cancer survivors who were diagnosed with any type of cancer aged between 15 and 39 years, and who were adult with aged over 18 years old at survey year. We then stratified the study population by race/ethnicity with Non-Hispanic White (NHW, n = 310), African American (AA, n = 42), Hispanic (n = 81) from NHANES, and Asian (n = 389) from the Korea NHANES. We also selected 5 times age-, sex-, race-, and survey year-matched general population among participants who had never been diagnosed with cancer (N = 4110). Variables were defined using questionnaire data, physical exams, and laboratory tests.
Compared to NHW, Hispanics (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.32) had poor or fair general health, lower education (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07-1.40), and lower household income (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01-1.33). AA survivors were more likely to be non-coupled (aOR 1.35, 95% 1.15-1.60) and have hypertension (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.03-1.36). Asians were more former/current drinkers (aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05-1.40). NHW are more likely to experience psychological limitation. Compared to matched general, NHW and Asian survivors had poor general health and psychological health.
This study provides evidence for future studies concerning long-term health after AYA cancer survivorship that may vary according to race.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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