Content delivery success in wireless caching helper networks depends mainly on cache-based channel selection diversity and network interference. For given channel fading and network geometry, both ...channel selection diversity and network interference dynamically vary according to what and how the caching helpers cache at their finite storage space. We study probabilistic content placement (or caching placement) to desirably control cache-based channel selection diversity and network interference in a stochastic wireless caching helper network, with sophisticated considerations of wireless fading channels, interactions among multiple users, such as interference and loads at caching helpers, and arbitrary memory size. Using stochastic geometry, we derive optimal caching probabilities in the closed form to maximize the average success probability of content delivery and propose an efficient algorithm to find the solution in a noise-limited network. In an interference-limited network, based on a lower bound of the average success probability of content delivery, we find near-optimal caching probabilities in the closed form to control the channel selection diversity and the network interference. We numerically verify that the proposed content placement is superior to other comparable content placement strategies.
The charge transport mechanism of a wire can be revealed by how its electrical resistance varies with length. We have measured the resistance and current-voltage characteristics of conjugated ...molecular wires ranging in length from 1 to 7 nanometers, connected between metal electrodes. We observe the theoretically predicted change in direct-current transport from tunneling to hopping as a function of systematically controlled wire length. We also demonstrate that site-specific disruption of conjugation in the wires greatly increases resistance in the hopping regime but has only a small effect in the tunneling regime. These nanoscale transport measurements elucidate the role of molecular length and bond architecture on molecular conductivity and open opportunities for greater understanding of electrical transport in conjugated polymer films.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Dexamethasone provides benefits in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although data regarding immunological profiles and viral clearance are limited. This study aimed to evaluate for ...differences in biomarkers among patients with severe COVID-19 who did and did not receive dexamethasone. We measured plasma biomarkers of lung epithelial/endothelial injury and inflammation in 31 patients with severe COVID-19 and in 13 controls. Changes in biomarkers and clinical parameters were compared during the 7-day period among COVID-19 patients, and also according to dexamethasone use. Thirty-two patients with severe COVID-19 who received mechanical ventilation (n = 6), high-flow nasal cannula (n = 11), and supplemental oxygen (n = 15) were analyzed. Relative to controls, patients with severe COVID-19 had significantly higher concentrations of biomarkers related to glycocalyx shedding (endocan and syndecan-1), endothelial injury (von Willebrand factor), and inflammation (soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products sRAGE and interleukin-6). The 7-day decreases in biomarkers of endothelial injury (angiopoietin-2 Ang-2 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ICAM-1) and sRAGE, but not in the biomarker of lung epithelial injury (surfactant protein D), were correlated with decreases in C-reactive protein and radiologic score at day 7. Twenty patients (63%) received dexamethasone, and the dexamethasone and non-dexamethasone groups differed in terms of disease severity. However, dexamethasone was associated marginally with increased SpO.sub.2 /FiO.sub.2 and significantly with decreases in C-reactive protein and radiologic score after adjusting for baseline imbalances. Furthermore, the dexamethasone group exhibited a significant decrease in the concentrations of Ang-2, ICAM-1, soluble form of the Tie2 receptor (a biomarker of glycocalyx shedding), and sRAGE. Both groups exhibited a clinically insignificant increase in the cycle threshold value. Severe COVID-19 may be characterized by more severe endothelial injury and inflammation, and less severe lung epithelial injury. There is a possibility that dexamethasone improved severe COVID-19 and related endothelial injury without delaying viral clearance.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
Our previous randomized controlled trial revealed no difference in 2‐year overall survival (OS) between extended and standard resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The present study ...evaluated the 5‐year OS and recurrence patterns according to the extent of pancreatectomy.
Methods
Between 2006 and 2009, 169 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled and randomized to standard (n = 83) or extended resection (n = 86) groups to compare 5‐year OS rate, long‐term recurrence patterns and factors associated with long‐term survival.
Results
The surgical R0 rate was similar between the standard and extended groups (85.5 vs. 90.7%, P = 0.300). Five‐year OS (18.4 vs. 14.4%, P = 0.388), 5‐year disease‐free survival (14.8 vs. 14.0%, P = 0.531), and overall recurrence rates (74.7 vs. 69.9%, P = 0.497) were not significantly different between the two groups, although the incidence of peritoneal seeding was higher in the extended group (25 vs. 8.1%, P = 0.014).
Conclusions
Extended pancreatectomy does not have better short‐term and long‐term survival outcomes, and shows similar R0 rates and overall recurrence rates compared with standard pancreatectomy. Extended pancreatectomy does not have to be performed routinely for all cases of resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma, especially considering its associated increased morbidity shown in our previous study.
Highlight
Jang and colleagues conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate long‐term overall survival and recurrence patterns according to the extent of pancreatectomy for pancreatic head cancer. Extended pancreatectomy did not demonstrate better short‐term and long‐term survival outcomes, and showed similar R0 rates and recurrence rates compared with standard pancreatectomy.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In 21 consecutive patients with confirmed Covid-19, the median times from symptom onset to negative viral culture and negative real-time RT-PCR were 7 days and 34 days, respectively. The longest ...interval from symptom onset and from resolution of fever to positive culture was 12 days and 3 days, respectively.
Background
Spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) is considered a precursor lesion of intestinal metaplasia and intestinal-type gastric cancer (GC), but little is known about microRNA ...alterations during metaplasia and GC developments. Here, we investigate miR-30a expression in gastric lesions and identify its novel target gene which is associated with the intestinal-type GC.
Methods
We conducted in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR to determine miR-30a expression in gastric tissues. miR-30a functions were determined through induction or inhibition of miR-30a in GC cell lines. A gene microarray was utilized to confirm miR-30a target genes in GC, and siRNA-mediated target gene suppression and immunostaining were performed. The Cancer Genome Atlas data were utilized to validate gene expressions.
Results
We found down-regulation of miR-30a during chief cell transdifferentiation into SPEM. MiR-30a level was also reduced in the early stage of GC, and its level was maintained in advanced GC. We identified a novel target gene of miR-30a and
ITGA2,
and our results showed that either ectopic expression of miR-30a or
ITGA2
knockdown suppressed GC cell proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis. Levels of
ITGA2
inversely correlated with levels of miR-30a in human intestinal-type GC.
Conclusion
We found down-regulation of miR-30a in preneoplastic lesions and its tumor-suppressive functions by targeting
ITGA2
in GC. The level of
ITGA2
, which functions as an oncogene, was up-regulated in human GC. The results of this study suggest that coordination of the miR-30a-
ITGA2
axis may serve as an important mechanism in the development of gastric precancerous lesions and intestinal-type GC.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The aim of the current study was to develop a computer-assisted detection system based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm and to evaluate the potential usefulness and accuracy of ...this system for the diagnosis and prediction of periodontally compromised teeth (PCT).
Combining pretrained deep CNN architecture and a self-trained network, periapical radiographic images were used to determine the optimal CNN algorithm and weights. The diagnostic and predictive accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the ROC curve, confusion matrix, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using our deep CNN algorithm, based on a Keras framework in Python.
The periapical radiographic dataset was split into training (n=1,044), validation (n=348), and test (n=348) datasets. With the deep learning algorithm, the diagnostic accuracy for PCT was 81.0% for premolars and 76.7% for molars. Using 64 premolars and 64 molars that were clinically diagnosed as severe PCT, the accuracy of predicting extraction was 82.8% (95% CI, 70.1%-91.2%) for premolars and 73.4% (95% CI, 59.9%-84.0%) for molars.
We demonstrated that the deep CNN algorithm was useful for assessing the diagnosis and predictability of PCT. Therefore, with further optimization of the PCT dataset and improvements in the algorithm, a computer-aided detection system can be expected to become an effective and efficient method of diagnosing and predicting PCT.
The functional neural circuits are partially repaired after an ischemic stroke in the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, neurovascular units, including neurons, endothelial cells, astrocytes, ...pericytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes maintain homeostasis; however, these cellular networks are damaged after an ischemic stroke. The present review discusses the repair potential of stem cells (i.e., mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial precursor cells, and neural stem cells) and gaseous molecules (i.e., nitric oxide and carbon monoxide) with respect to neuroprotection in the acute phase and regeneration in the late phase after an ischemic stroke. Commonly shared molecular mechanisms in the neurovascular unit are associated with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its related factors. Stem cells and gaseous molecules may exert therapeutic effects by diminishing VEGF-mediated vascular leakage and facilitating VEGF-mediated regenerative capacity. This review presents an in-depth discussion of the regeneration ability by which endogenous neural stem cells and endothelial cells produce neurons and vessels capable of replacing injured neurons and vessels in the CNS.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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