A comprehensive guide to modern-day methods for earthquake engineering of concrete dams Earthquake analysis and design of concrete dams has progressed from static force methods based on seismic ...coefficients to modern procedures that are based on the dynamics of dam-water-foundation systems. Earthquake Engineering for Concrete Dams offers a comprehensive, integrated view of this progress over the last fifty years. The book offers an understanding of the limitations of the various methods of dynamic analysis used in practice and develops modern methods that overcome these limitations. This important book: Develops procedures for dynamic analysis of two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of concrete dams Identifies system parameters that influence their response Demonstrates the effects of dam-water-foundation interaction on earthquake response Identifies factors that must be included in earthquake analysis of concrete dams Examines design earthquakes as defined by various regulatory bodies and organizations Presents modern methods for establishing design spectra and selecting ground motions Illustrates application of dynamic analysis procedures to the design of new dams and safety evaluation of existing dams. Written for graduate students, researchers, and professional engineers, Earthquake Engineering for Concrete Dams offers a comprehensive view of the current procedures and methods for seismic analysis, design, and safety evaluation of concrete dams.
•ETC and ETC-HP system is discussed with possible applications.•Performance of heat pipe ETC is higher compared to direct flow ETC.•PCMs application in ETC system proves it more efficient as compared ...to without PCM.•Heat Pipe ETC found more suitable for industrial/domestic applications.•Thermal Analysis of ETC-HP and direct flow ETC is discussed.
Sun is the prime source of energy. There are two types of technologies available for the harnessing of solar energy i.e. Solar Thermal and Solar photovoltaic. Solar thermal energy having a potential to provide the domestic and industrial energy demand for hot water, air heating, solar cooling, solar drying etc. Among multiple applications of solar energy, water heating, space heating, and cooling are consuming more energy. The energy consumption in production of hot water represents a large contribution of total building energy consumption. The Collector is the important aspect for efficient energy needs for these applications. Among all thermal collectors specifically for low/medium temperature applications, evacuated tube collector is found to have the best efficiency. This paper addresses the advancement, different types of evacuated tube collectors and its low/medium temperature applications. The use of heat pipe in evacuated tube has been studied by many researchers around the globe to overcome the lower performance issue in direct flow evacuated tube collector. This turns out to be one of the most important advancement in this area. Another, important advancements in this research have been found to be integration of phase change materials with evacuated tube collector which has the great impact on its performance. This makes the evacuated tube technology more efficient, reliable and user-friendly. This review covers the recent research areas of the direct flow and heat pipe evacuated tube collector with different applications and comprehensive knowledge of the theoretical analysis. This paper also provides financial advantages, classification with and without thermal energy storage, advantages and drawbacks of evacuated technology and future recommendation for future improvement and recent research trend have also incorporated in this manuscript for researchers and practice engineers.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
COVID-19 has led to stigma and discrimination among various groups of people in different populations. Healthcare workers caring for those affected by COVID-19,3 people who have recovered from ...COVID-19,4 those belonging to lower socioeconomic groups, those having particular religious and racial identities have all been at the receiving end of the discrimination. COVID-19 has led to reinforcement of preexisting stereotypes against various groups. For instance, in Italy, in weeks before the national lockdown started, a state of emergency was declared but everyday life was going on as always, the sentiment toward the Chinese community changed: their restaurants were left empty, more and more parents did not want their children to go to school if they had a Chinese classmate, and a high-profile politician said on TV that 'we have all seen them eat live mice'.
Phase change materials (PCMs) utilized for thermal energy storage applications are verified to be a promising technology due to their larger benefits over other heat storage techniques. Apart from ...the advantageous thermophysical properties of PCM, the effective utilization of PCM depends on its life span. Moreover, PCMs which are utilized for different solar thermal energy storage applications are required longer thermal and chemical stability for the extended performance of a system. This review shows the in-depth details on thermal stability and reliability of different PCMs such as organic, inorganic, eutectics, and composites materials for heat storage applications. Different methods for measuring the thermophysical properties along with the classification of PCMs based on applications and temperature ranges have been discussed. This paper also covers the selection criteria and commercial viability of PCMs for different domestic and industrial applications. In addition to this, the effect of thermal cycle testing on the properties of different organic, inorganic, eutectic, and composite PCMs has been summarized. The present article can be highly useful for researchers and practice engineers in the areas related to thermal energy storage applications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The rising burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has made the achievement of optimal lipoprotein levels a major public health priority. As nearly a fifth of global mortality is associated with ...dietary factors, and recommendations have been mired in controversy, a fresh look on the available data is attempted. Well established concepts regarding nutrition and cardiometabolic health, role of macronutrients, calories, and controversial foods are discussed followed by recommendations in the Indian context. A healthy dietary pattern rather than individual foods or nutrients is emphasized, and this is generally plant based with optional consumption of dairy, eggs, and meats within the suggested limits. Suggestions/recommendations are given for consumption of individual foods, remembering that choosing appropriate replacement foods is as important as restricting unhealthy foods.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•The performance of evacuated tube collector with/without storage was investigated.•Evacuated tube collector with phase change material showed better performance.•Designed system is suitable for ...day/night time utilization of hot water.•Thermal cycle test of SA-67 has been studied for long term stability.
This manuscript presents an experimental investigation of heat pipe evacuated tube solar collector with and without phase change material for water heating application under the same weather conditions. In this study, a comparative analysis of two systems has been done in the same weather condition. Where evacuated tubes of the first system (evacuated tube collector-A) were left without phase change material and second system (evacuated tube collector-B) was integrated with SA-67 as phase change material. In order to ensure the thermal and chemical stability of the selected phase change material, thermal cycling treatment was carried out. The results showed that SA-67 has excellent chemical and thermal stability even after 1500 thermal cycling treatment.
In order to analyze the thermal performance of the designed systems, the experiment was conducted with five different water flow rates (8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 L per hour). The daily thermal efficiency of evacuated tube solar collector with and without phase change material was varied in the range of 42–55% and 79–87% respectively. Although, the daily energy efficiency of evacuated tube collector integrated with phase change material was 37.56%, 35.31%, 36.69%, 32.34%, and 32.73% higher than evacuated tube collector without phase change material for water flow rates of 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 L per hour respectively. The daily thermal efficiency for both systems was maximum at the flow rate of 20 L per hour. The heat transfer parameters for the designed systems have also been evaluated and compared.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic and systemic inflammation, results in destruction of joints and cartilages. Effectiveness of curcumin has been established in a wide variety of ...inflammatory disorders, but its utility as a therapeutic agent is limited by its poor absorption, rapid metabolism and fast systemic elimination. To apprehend these limitations, we propose to use highly bioavailable curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (C‐SLNs) for the treatment of RA.
Methods
In the present study, the protective effect of curcumin and its SLNs was evaluated in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced arthritis in rats.
Results
Arthritic rats exhibited marked decrease in paw withdrawal threshold in Randall–Selitto and von Frey hair test along with decreased reaction time in hot plate. Arthritic rats also showed significant joint hyperalgesia, joint stiffness and increased paw volume along with marked decrease in mobility score. Arthritic rats showed a significant increase in blood leukocyte count, oxidative‐nitrosative stress, tumour necrosis factor‐α, C‐reactive protein, cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody levels and radiological alterations in tibiotarsal joint. C‐SLN administration (10 and 30 mg/kg), when compared with free curcumin (10 and 30 mg/kg), significantly and dose dependently ameliorated various symptoms of arthritis in rats, improved biochemical markers and preserved radiological alterations in joints of arthritic rats.
Conclusions
The current findings suggest the protective potential of curcumin‐SLNs in ameliorating CFA‐induced arthritis in rats through attenuation of oxido‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory cascade. Further, the results emphasize that SLNs are a novel approach to deliver curcumin into the inflamed joints and improve its biopharmaceutical performance.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The present article highlights morbidity and mortality trends of Covid 19 in the last 3 months in top 10 countries of the world. In spite of efforts being undertaken, all countries are showing an ...increasing trend in terms of morbidity and mortality. The order of countries in terms of mortality and morbidity has changed in the last 3 months. Various efforts are being undertaken by WHO and other agencies world over including the vaccine development initiative.
Accurate and rapid diagnostic tests are critical for achieving control of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), a pandemic illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ...(SARS-CoV-2). Diagnostic tests for covid-19 fall into two main categories: molecular tests that detect viral RNA, and serological tests that detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a molecular test, has become the gold standard for diagnosis of covid-19; however, this test has many limitations that include potential false negative results, changes in diagnostic accuracy over the disease course, and precarious availability of test materials. Serological tests have generated substantial interest as an alternative or complement to RT-PCR and other Nucleic acid tests in the diagnosis of acute infection, as some might be cheaper and easier to implement at the point of care. A clear advantage of these tests over RT-PCR is that they can identify individuals previously infected by SARS-CoV-2, even if they never underwent testing while acutely ill. Many serological tests for covid-19 have become available in a short period, including some marketed for use as rapid, point-of-care tests. The pace of development has, however, exceeded that of rigorous evaluation, and important uncertainty about test accuracy remains.
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