Background
Despite the increased risk for nodal disease, definitive endoscopic resection is being increasingly offered for lesions invasive into the submucosa based on the success with intramucosal ...tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate survival after esophagectomy alone for confirmed submucosal tumors after endoscopic resection.
Methods
Patients from seven centers in the USA who underwent esophagectomy for submucosal tumors removed with endoscopic resection were analyzed. Nodal involvement was correlated with recurrence and survival.
Results
We identified 23 patients with submucosal esophageal adenocarcinoma. Esophagectomy was performed at a median of 2 months (Interquartile range 1–3) after the endoscopic resection. There was no postoperative mortality. Positive nodal disease was seen in 26 % of patients on final pathology. At a median of 37 months (Interquartile range 25–55), 91 % of patients were alive and free of disease. The disease-specific 5-year survival was 88 %. Disease-specific 5-year survival was 67 % in patients with positive nodal metastases and 100 % in those without (
p
= 0.159).
Conclusions
Esophagectomy is curative in the majority of patients with submucosal tumors even in the presence of nodal metastases. These data serve as a benchmark for comparison when considering extending the indications for therapeutic endoscopic resection for submucosal tumors in the future.
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EMUNI, FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Aim
We test hypotheses on the environmental control of elevational richness patterns of sphingid moths for their global applicability and generality. Specifically, we compare effects of area with ...climate‐related drivers, such as primary productivity and temperature, while also considering direct effects of precipitation.
Major taxa
Sphingid moths (Lepidoptera).
Location
Eighty‐six mountain ranges of the Old World and the Australia/Pacific region, from Scandinavia and Siberia through the African and Australasian tropics to South Africa and Southern Australia.
Methods
We used a large compilation of point locality records for 744 species, in addition to fine‐grained range maps derived from species distribution modelling of these records, to characterize the elevational pattern of species richness in 86 custom‐delineated mountain regions. For both types of data, we compared the effects of environmental drivers on richness by comparing standardized coefficients of multivariate models for pooled data after accounting for between‐region variation in richness.
Results
We observed varying patterns of elevational richness across the research region, with a higher prevalence of midpeaks in arid regions. We found overwhelming support for area as a main determinant of richness, modulated by temperature and productivity, whereas we detected no effect of precipitation.
Main conclusions
Area, productivity and temperature are the main environmental predictors explaining a large proportion of variability in sphingid richness. This is consistent not only with other elevational studies, but also with empirical and theoretical biodiversity research in a non‐elevational context (with the caveat of some unresolved issues in elevational area effects). However, distinct differences in elevational patterns remain even within the same mountain ranges when comparing with other Lepidoptera, that is, geometrid moths, which highlights the importance of understanding higher clade differentiation in ecological responses, within insects and in other groups.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The occurrence of environmental pharmaceutical products has recently received considerable attention, but impacts on the aquatic environment are largely unknown. Fluoxetine is a widely prescribed ...antidepressant and acts physiologically as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). To determine its potential to disrupt teleost reproductive function, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to fluoxetine at aqueous nominal concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 microg/L for 4 weeks. The last 14 days of this exposure included a reproductive assessment in which no significant changes were observed in egg production, rate of fertilization and spawning, or hatching success of fertilized eggs. A low incidence (1.97-2.53%; 4.02-5.16-fold greater than controls) of developmental abnormalities was observed in offspring from all fluoxetine treatments. Adult gonadal somatic index, hepatic vitellogenin, and ex vivo gonadal steroidogenesis were also unaffected. Circulating plasma estradiol levels in females were significantly increased by 0.1 and 0.5 microg/L treatments. Our study provides novel information on fish biochemical, physiological, and reproduction responses to environmentally realistic fluoxetine concentrations.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Background
Hiatal dissection, restoration of esophageal intra-abdominal length, and crural closure are key components of successful antireflux surgery. The necessity of addressing these components ...prior to magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) has been questioned. We aimed to compare outcomes of MSA between groups with differing hiatal dissection and closure.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 259 patients who underwent MSA from 2009 to 2017. Patients were categorized based on hiatal treatment: minimal dissection (MD), crural closure (CC), formal crural repair (FC), and extensive dissection without closure (ED). The primary outcome was normalization of postoperative DeMeester score (≤ 14.72). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess which preoperative predictors achieved normalization.
Results
Of the 197 patients, MD was used in 81 (41%); FC in 42 (22%); CC in 40 (20%); and ED in 34 (17%). Normalization occurred in 104 (53%) patients, with MD achieving normalization in 45/81 (56%); FC in 25/42 (60%); CC in 21/40 (53%); and ED 13/34 (38%). After regression, FC was most likely to normalize acid exposure. The presence of a hiatal hernia, defective LES, and higher preoperative DeMeester score were less likely to achieve normalization.
Conclusions
Hiatal dissection with restoration of esophageal length and crural closure during MSA increases the likelihood of normalizing acid exposure.
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EMUNI, FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•Both I-mode and we-mode collective intentions significantly predicted online social behavior in crowdsourcing communities.•We-mode collective intention exerted a greater effect on online social ...behavior, as compared to I-mode collective intention.•Relationship-orientated factors (e.g., trust and commitment) only affected we-mode, instead of I-mode, collective intention.•Trust is positively related to commitment towards crowdsourcing communities.
With the popularity of social media, crowdsourcing innovation provides new ways to generate original and useful content. It offers a unique opportunity for online crowds to communicate and collaborate on a variety of topics of mutual interest. This study presents an initial attempt to explore and understand online social behavior in crowdsourcing communities, with the insights from both plural subject theory and commitment–trust theory. In particular, two different types of collective intention (i.e., we-mode collective intention, which refers to acting as a group member, and I-mode collective intention, which refers to acting interdependently to contribute to the group goal) were proposed. The research model was empirically examined with longitudinal data collected from 202 wiki users. Findings indicated that, although both I-mode and we-mode collective intentions significantly predicted online social behavior in wiki communities, we-mode collective intention exerted a greater effect on users’ behavior. In addition, relationship-orientated factors (e.g., trust and commitment) only affected we-mode, instead of I-mode, collective intention. This study finally yields several implications for both research and practice.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to understand the conditions under which racial/ethnic minorities are promoted to top leadership positions in American corporations. In addition to testing the ...glass cliff theory for racial/ethnic minorities, the paper also develops and test two additional theoretical mechanisms: bold moves and the savior effect. While the glass cliff theory predicts racial/ethnic minorities will be promoted to struggling firms, the bold moves theory predicts the opposite, that racial/ethnic minorities will be promoted to strong firms. The savior effect predicts that minority CEOs will be replaced by white male leaders if firm performance struggles during their tenure.
Design/methodology/approach
– This paper relies on conditional logistic regression to analyze all CEO transitions among Fortune 500 companies over a 15-year period.
Findings
– Consistent with the bold moves thesis but contrary to the predictions of glass cliff theory, the results suggest that racial/ethnic minorities are more likely than white executives to be promoted CEO in strongly performing firms. As predicted by the savior effect theory, the paper also finds that when firm performance struggles under the leadership of racial/minority CEOs, these leaders are likely to be replaced by white CEOs.
Research limitations/implications
– The findings contradict theory of the glass cliff and suggest additional mechanisms that shape the promotion probability of minority leaders.
Practical implications
– Race and ethnicity shape promotion and replacement decisions for top leadership positions in important ways. While minority leaders are not set up to fail, as glass cliff theory would predict, the authors do find that confidence in the leadership of minority leaders may be tenuous. To overcome the risks of replacement of minority leaders, firms should seek to eliminate bias by allowing minority leaders enough time and resources to overcome declines in firm performance and increase the transparency of replacement decisions.
Originality/value
– This is one of the first studies to test the glass cliff thesis with regard to racial/ethnic minorities. The paper also develops and tests two new mechanisms related to leader succession: bold moves and the savior effect.
This research examines the role of reading and book club attendance in the lives of Irish and American women who read fiction and actively participate in women’s book clubs. This research utilized ...mixed methodology, including ethnographic observation, participation in book club meetings, and in-depth narrative interviews. I examined how women developed gendered sexual identities through reading and participation in women’s book clubs. Clear differences emerged in the different cultural contexts of each country, particularly as related to the role of reading in romantic relationships, as women in the United States were influenced to increase their status in order to potentially secure or retain a high-status romantic partner. At the same time, important key themes relating to the construction of sexuality were similar and central to women in both cultural environments. This research adds to our understanding of the sexual field by exploring the way women used reading and book club meetings to construct their own sexuality, as well as to increase their erotic habitus outside of the sexual field for increased erotic capital within the sexual field.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In the Down syndrome (DS) population, there is an early incidence of dementia and neuropathology similar to that seen in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), including dysfunction of the basal ...forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) system. Using Ts65Dn mice, a model of DS and AD, we examined differences in the BFCN system between male and female segmentally trisomic (Ts65Dn) and disomic (2N) mice at ages 5–8 months. Quantitative stereology was applied to BFCN subfields immunolabeled for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) within the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band (MS/VDB), horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB) and nucleus basalis of Meynert/substantia innominata (NBM/SI). We found no sex differences in neuron number or subregion area measurement in the MS/VDB or HDB. However, 2N and Ts65Dn females showed an average 34% decrease in BFCN number and an average 20% smaller NBM/SI region area compared with genotype‐matched males. Further, relative to genotype‐matched males, female mice had smaller BFCNs in all subregions. These findings demonstrate that differences between the sexes in BFCNs of young adult Ts65Dn and 2N mice are region and genotype specific. In addition, changes in post‐processing tissue thickness suggest altered parenchymal characteristics between male and female Ts65Dn mice.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
Drawing on the control agency theory and the network effect theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of privacy assurance approaches, network externality and technology ...complementarity on consumers’ self-disclosure in mobile payment (MP) applications. The authors identify four types of privacy assurance approaches: perceived effectiveness of privacy setting, perceived effectiveness of privacy policy, perceived effectiveness of industry self-regulation and perceived effectiveness of government legislation. The research model considers how these privacy assurance approaches influence privacy concerns and consumers’ self-disclosure in MP applications under boundary conditions of network externality and technology complementarity.
Design/methodology/approach
An online survey with 647 sample users was conducted to empirically validate the model. The target respondents were current consumers of a popular MP application. The empirical data were analyzed by a structural equation modeling approach.
Findings
The empirical results reveal several major findings. First, privacy assurance approaches can effectively decrease privacy concerns, which ultimately formulates consumers’ self-disclosure in MP applications. Second, network externality and technology complementarity weaken the effect of perceived effectiveness of privacy setting on privacy concerns. Third, network externality and technology complementarity strengthen the relationship between perceived effectiveness of government legislation and privacy concerns, while they have non-significant interaction effect with perceived effectiveness of privacy policy and industry self-regulation on privacy concerns.
Practical implications
MP providers and stakeholders can harness the efficacy of privacy assurance approaches in alleviating privacy concerns and promoting consumers’ self-disclosure in MP applications.
Originality/value
The authors’ work contributes to the information privacy literature by identifying effective privacy assurance approaches in promoting consumers’ self-disclosure in MP applications, and by highlighting boundary conditions of these privacy assurance approaches.
The 1H(e,e'pi+)n cross section was measured at four-momentum transfers of Q2=1.60 and 2.45 GeV2 at an invariant mass of the photon nucleon system of W=2.22 GeV. The charged pion form factor (F(pi)) ...was extracted from the data by comparing the separated longitudinal pion electroproduction cross section to a Regge model prediction in which F(pi) is a free parameter. The results indicate that the pion form factor deviates from the charge-radius constrained monopole form at these values of Q2 by one sigma, but is still far from its perturbative quantum chromodynamics prediction.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
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