Background
Pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID‐2019) shares overlapping signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging features with influenza A pneumonia. We aimed to identify ...their clinical characteristics to help early diagnosis.
Methods
We retrospectively retrieved data for laboratory‐confirmed patients admitted with COVID‐19–induced or influenza A–induced pneumonia from electronic medical records in Ningbo First Hospital, China. We recorded patients' epidemiological and clinical features, as well as radiologic and laboratory findings.
Results
The median age of influenza A cohort was higher and it exhibited higher temperature and higher proportion of pleural effusion. COVID‐19 cohort exhibited higher proportions of fatigue, diarrhea and ground‐glass opacity and higher levels of lymphocyte percentage, absolute lymphocyte count, red‐cell count, hemoglobin and albumin and presented lower levels of monocytes, c‐reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that fatigue, ground‐glass opacity, and higher level of albumin were independent risk factors for COVID‐19 pneumonia, while older age, higher temperature, and higher level of monocyte count were independent risk factors for influenza A pneumonia.
Conclusions
In terms of COVID‐19 pneumonia and influenza A pneumonia, fatigue, ground‐glass opacity, and higher level of albumin tend to be helpful for diagnosis of COVID‐19 pneumonia, while older age, higher temperature, and higher level of monocyte count tend to be helpful for the diagnosis of influenza A pneumonia.
Fatigue, ground‐glass opacity and higher level of albumin tend to be helpful for diagnosis of COVID‐19 pneumonia, while older age, higher temperature, and higher level of monocytes count tend to be helpful for the diagnosis of influenza A pneumonia.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Curcumin, a polyphenol in curry spice isolated from the rhizome of turmeric, has been reported to possess versatile biological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, ...antifibrotic, and anticancer activities. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ d -galactosamine ( d -GalN)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in rats. Experimental ALI was induced with an intraperitoneal (ip) injection of sterile 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution containing 8 μg LPS and 800 mg/kg d -GalN. Curcumin was administered once daily starting three days prior to LPS/ d -GalN treatment. Results indicated that curcumin could attenuate hepatic pathological damage, decrease serum ALT and AST levels, and reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) content in experimental ALI rats. Moreover, higher dosages of curcumin pretreatment inhibited NF-κB activation and reduced serum TNF-α and liver TNF-α levels induced by LPS/ d -GalN ip injection. Furthermore, we found that curcumin up-regulated the expression of nuclear Nrf2 and Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense genes including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, and quinone (NQO-1) in a dose-dependent manner. Our results showed that curcumin protected experimental animals against LPS/ d -GalN-induced ALI through activation of Nrf2 nuclear translocation and inhibition of NF-κB activation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Aim： 3-Methyl-6-chloro-7,8-hydroxy-1-（3-methylphenyl）-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine （SKF83959） have been shown to affect several types of voltage-dependent channels in hippocampal pyramidal ...neurons. The aim of this study was to determine how modulation of a individual type of the channels by SKF83959 contributes to the overall excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons during either direct current injections or synaptic activation.
Methods： Rat hippocampal slices were prepared. The kinetics of voltage-dependent Na^＋ channels and neuronal excitability and depolarization block in CA1 pyramidal neurons were examined using whole-cell recording. A realistic mathematical model of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron was used to simulate the effects of SKF83959 on neuronal excitability.
Results： SKF83959 （50 μmol/L） shifted the inactivation curve of Na^＋ current by 10.3 mV but had no effect on the activation curve in CA1 pyramidal neurons. The effects of SKF83959 on passive membrane properties, including a decreased input resistance and depolarized resting potential, predicted by our simulations were in agreement with the experimental data. The simulations showed that decreased excitability of the soma by SKF83959 （examined with current injection at the soma） was only observed when the membrane potential was compensated to the control levels, whereas the decreased dendritic excitability （examined with current injection at the dendrite） was found even without membrane potential compensation, which led to a decreased number of action potentials initiated at the soma. Moreover, SKF83959 significantly facilitated depolarization block in CA1 pyramidal neurons. SKF83959 decreased EPSP temporal summation and, of physiologically greater relevance, the synaptic-driven firing frequency.
Conclusion： SKF83959 decreased the excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons even though the drug caused the membrane potential depolarization. The results may reveal a partial mechanism for the drug’s anti-Parkinsonian effects and may also suggest that SKF83959 has a potential antiepileptic effect.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Aim： SKF83959 （3-methyl-6-chloro-7,8-hydroxy-1-（3-methylphenyl）-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine） is an atypical dopamine receptor-1 （D1 receptor） agonist, which exhibits many D1 ...receptor-independent effects. In the present work, we examined the effects of SKF83959 on monoaminergic transporters in vitro and its anti-depressant activity in vivo.
Methods： Human serotonin transporter （SERT）, norepinephrine transporters （NET） or dopamine transporters （DAT） were stably expressed in CHO cells. The uptake kinetics of SERT, NET, and DAT were examined using 3H-serotonin, 3H-norepinephrine or 3H-dopamine, respectively. A triple reuptake inhibitor DOV21947 was used as the positive control. Tail suspension test and forced swimming test were conducted in mice. SKF83959 or DOV21947 （2-8 mg/kg） were intraperitoneally injected 30 min before the tests.
Results： SKF83959 was a competitive inhibitor of SERT （Ki=1.43±0.45 μmol/L）, but a noncompetitive inhibitor of NET （Ki=0.60±0.07 μmol/L） and DAT （Ki=9.01±0.80 μmol/L）. In contrast, DOV21947 was a competitive inhibitor of SERT （Ki=0.89±0.24 μmol/L） and DAT （Ki=1.47±0.31 μmol/L） and a noncompetitive inhibitor of NET （Ki=0.18±0.04 μmol/L）. In mice, both SKF83959 and DOV21947 elicited anti-depressant activity in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion： SKF83959 functions as a novel triple reuptake inhibitor in vitro and exerts anti-depressant effects in vivo.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Objective： To observe changes in RBC count, changes, RBC morphology, and serum potassium during compressed transfusion of WBC-removal whole blood. Methods： Prepared human WBC-removal whole blood and ...connected transfusion apparatus with different sizes of intravenous detaining needles （18G, 20G, 22G and 24G）. Observed RBC count and serum potassium concentration under different pressures （100 mmHg, 200 mmHg, and 300 mmHg） as blood flowed out of the pinhead end of the intravenous detaining needle. Samples obtained with the 20G needle were smeared on glass slides, and RBC morphologic changes were observed under an oil immersion lens. Results： RBC count and serum potassium changed slightly under different pressures with different sizes of intravenous detaining needles as blood flowed through the transfusion apparatus. In addition, the observation of blood samples under a common light microscope revealed that coarse- prick, oblong, and spindle cell counts in the visual fields increased gradually as the pressure increased. Additionally, a portion of cells had undergone splintering. Conclusions： While applying 18G, 20G, 22G and 24G intravenous detaining needles for blood transfusion under less than 300 mmHg of pressure, no significant RBC count change was found in blood samples in the short term. However, there were significant RBC morphologic changes. The results could offer more basis to ensure the clinical safetv of oatients undereoing blood transfilsion.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A comprehensive survey of 1450 households in 26 Chinese provinces was undertaken in 2012 to identify the characteristics and potential driving forces of residential energy consumption in China. The ...survey covers six areas: household characteristics, dwelling characteristics, kitchen and home appliances, space heating and cooling, residential transportation, and electricity billing, metering, and pricing options. The results show that a typical Chinese household in 2012 consumed 1426 kilograms standard coal equivalent, which is approximately 44 percent of the 2009 level in the United States and 38 percent of the 2008 level in the EU-27. District heating, natural gas, and electricity are three major residential energy sources, while space heating, cooking, and water heating are three major end-use activities. Moreover, the results suggest a large urban–rural gap in terms of energy sources and purpose of usage. Commercial energy is used mainly for space heating in urban areas, while biomass dominates mainly for cooking purpose in rural areas. The survey results can help decision makers and scholars identify energy conservation opportunities, and evaluate the effectiveness of energy policies.
•We develop the first comprehensive survey of residential energy consumption in China.•A typical Chinese household in 2012 consumed 1426 kilograms coal equivalent.•Space heating accounts for half of energy demand.•A large rural–urban gap exists in terms of energy sources and end-use activities.•Results reveal challenges and opportunities for China׳s energy policy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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