Modeling long-range dependencies in sequential data is a crucial step in sequence learning. A recently developed model, the Structured State Space (S4), demonstrated significant effectiveness in ...modeling long-range sequences. However, It is unclear whether the success of S4 can be attributed to its intricate parameterization and HiPPO initialization or simply due to State Space Models (SSMs). To further investigate the potential of the deep SSMs, we start with exponential smoothing (ETS), a simple SSM, and propose a stacked architecture by directly incorporating it into an element-wise MLP. We augment simple ETS with additional parameters and complex field to reduce the inductive bias. Despite increasing less than 1\% of parameters of element-wise MLP, our models achieve comparable results to S4 on the LRA benchmark.
Encoder-decoder model encodes input sentences to hidden representations and decodes the representations to the output in unidirectional way. We introduce a bidirectional encoder decoder model that ...adds a reverse decoder-encoder for the feedback from the output to the input. We implement the bidirectional encoder decoder model based on the transformer. The decoder-encoder attention mechanism enhances the representations via the interaction between encoder and decoder. Experiment results demonstrate the benefit of bidirectional model. And the visualization results of bidirectional representations reveal that our model learn an entangled representation of both encoder and decoder.
With remarkable progress in the field of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis, it is critical to understand population immunity against RSV. We aim to describe the RSV pre-F IgG antibodies ...across all age groups in Southern China and to evaluate the risk factors associated with lower antibody levels.
We performed a community-based cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study in Anhua County, Hunan Province, Southern China, from July 15, 2021, to November 5, 2021. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies against the RSV prefusion F (pre-F) protein using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We estimated the geometric mean titres (GMTs) and seropositivity rates across all age groups. The generalized linear models were built to identify factors associated with antibody levels.
A total of 890 participants aged 4 months to older than 89 years were enrolled. The lowest RSV pre-F IgG GMTs were observed in infants and toddlers aged 4 months to younger than 2 years (3.0; 95% CI, 2.6–3.5). With increasing age, the RSV pre-F IgG GMT increased to 4.3 (95% CI, 4.1–4.4) between the ages of 2 and younger than 5 years and then stabilized at high levels throughout life. All the children had serological evidence of RSV infection by the age of 5 years. Age was associated with RSV pre-F antibody levels in children, with an estimated 1.9-fold (95% CI, 0.8–3.6) increase in titre per year before 5 years of age, although it was not significantly associated with antibody levels in adults aged older than 60 years.
Our findings could provide a comprehensive understanding of the gaps in RSV immunity at the population level and inform the prioritization of immunization platforms.
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FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background
Oxycodone hydrochloride is a semisynthetic narcotic analgesic agent. This study aimed to explore optimal titration strategy of controlled-release (CR) oxycodone hydrochloride in patients ...with cancer pain.
Methods
258 patients, who used regular strong opioids (morphine and CR oxycodone hydrochloride) for cancer pain across 25 three grade class hospitals in China during January 15th 2017 to April 30th 2017, were retrospectively studied. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to treatment regimens titrated. The pain remission rate and numeric rating scale (NRS) of cancer pain was recorded at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 h after opioid titration. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) with therapy were also observed.
Results
12 h after treatment, pain remission rate of Group B, C and D was significantly higher (
P
< 0.001) than Group A. For the complete remission rate, there were also significant differences among the four groups (
P
< 0.001). No significant difference was found among four groups for pain remission rate at 24, 72 h after treatment. Multiple comparison of NRS scores showed that the both Group B and C varied significantly with Group D (
P
= 0.028,
P
= 0.05, respectively), showing superior analgesic effect over Group D. AEs were significantly different among groups (
P
< 0.01), with the most frequent AEs in Group A, lowest in Group B.
Conclusion
The rapid titration strategy of background CR oxycodone hydrochloride was effectiveness and safety in patients with moderate-to-severe cancer pain.
