Dairy products (DP) are part of a food group that may contribute to the prevention of physical frailty. We aimed to investigate DP exposure, including total DP, milk, fresh DP and cheese, and their ...cross-sectional and prospective associations with physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults. The cross-sectional analysis was carried out on 1490 participants from the Three-City Bordeaux cohort. The 10-year frailty risk was examined in 823 initially non-frail participants. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess DP exposure. Physical frailty was defined as the presence of at least 3 out of 5 criteria of the frailty phenotype: weight loss, exhaustion, slowness, weakness, and low physical activity. Among others, diet quality and protein intake were considered as confounders. The baseline mean age of participants was 74.1 y and 61% were females. Frailty prevalence and incidence were 4.2% and 18.2%, respectively. No significant associations were observed between consumption of total DP or DP sub-types and frailty prevalence or incidence (OR = 1.40, 95%CI 0.65–3.01 and OR = 1.75, 95%CI 0.42–1.32, for a total DP consumption >4 times/d, respectively). Despite the absence of beneficial associations of higher DP consumption on frailty, older adults are encouraged to follow the national recommendations regarding DP.
Recent evidence suggests that a high glycemic load (GL) diet is a risk factor for dementia, especially among apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (
) carriers, while its association with cognitive decline is ...poorly known. Here, we investigated the association of high-GL meals with cognitive decline in older adults during a 12-year follow-up, according to their
carrier status. We used random-effect models and data from 2539 elderly participants from the Three-City study who completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to longitudinally assess the association of GL with changes in different cognitive domains (verbal fluency, visual memory, attention, visual motor processing speed, episodic memory). In
carriers, afternoon snack with high GL was significantly associated with cognitive decline in visual memory, episodic memory, and global cognition compared with
non-carriers. This study suggests a detrimental association between a high-GL diet and cognitive decline. The promotion of a low GL diet as a target to prevent cognitive decline in high-risk populations deserves more research.
Previous studies have highlighted links between a high-glycemic-load (GL) diet and Alzheimer’s disease in apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) carriers. However, the impact of high-GL diet on plasma amyloid-β ...(Aβ), an Alzheimer’s disease hallmark that can be detected decades before clinical symptomatology, is unknown. This study examined the association between plasma Aβ peptides (Aβ40, Aβ42 concentration and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio) and GL. The influence of the GL of four meal types (breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack, and dinner) was also determined. From the prospective Three-City study, 377 participants with plasma Aβ measurements, and who completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire, were selected. The association between plasma Aβ and GL was tested using an adjusted linear regression model. Lunch GL was associated with a lower plasma Aβ42 concentration (β = −2.2 CI = −4.27, −0.12, p = 0.038) and lower Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (β = −0.009 CI = −0.0172, −0.0007, p = 0.034) in the model adjusted for center, age, sex, education level, APOE4 status, energy intake, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, and Mediterranean-like diet. No significant association was found with the GL of the other meal types. These results suggest that dietary GL may independently modulate the plasma Aβ of the APOE4 status. The mechanism underlying diet, metabolic response, and Aβ peptide regulation must be elucidated.
Several foods from the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) have already been characterized as beneficial for depression risk, while studies focusing on adherence to the overall MeDi are lacking among older ...adults at higher risk of depression. The aim of this study was to assess the association between MeDi adherence and the risk of depressive symptomatology (DS) in an older French cohort followed for 15 years. Participants from the Three-City Bordeaux cohort answered a food frequency questionnaire used to assess their MeDi adherence. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale score of 16 or greater and/or use of antidepressant treatment ascertained at each visit defined incident DS. Random-effect logistic regression models were adjusted for potential confounders. Among 1018 participants, aged 75.6 years (SD 4.8 years) on average at baseline, 400 incident cases of DS were identified during the follow-up. Only when restricting the definition of DS to a CES-D score ≥ 16 was a borderline-significant trend towards a benefit of greater adherence to the MeDi with reduced odds of DS found (p-value = 0.053). In this large sample of older French adults, a potential benefit of greater adherence to the MeDi regarding the risk of DS would depend on the definition of DS.
Techniques for determining occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) have limitations, including the lack of reproducibility or invasiveness. Recently, a craniometry-based predictive model comparing OVD with ...eye-ear distance (EED) was developed in Chile. However, this study included a specific population and excluded patients with a history of orthodontics. For verification, studies on other populations are required.
The purpose of this clinical study was to follow the previously described protocol to obtain an equation for determining OVD in a French cohort (mostly White with an orthodontic history).
Dentate adults with a stable occlusion and no known maxillofacial, otolaryngeal, or temporomandibular problems were included in this study. Demographic information, including participant age, sex, and history of orthodontic treatment, was collected. Facial height and width were measured with digital calipers, and the left EED and OVD were recorded with a craniometer. The facial index was calculated to classify participants into euryprosopic, mesoprosopic, or leptoprosopic types.
Of the 300 included participants (28 ±11 years), 60% were women, and 67% reported a history of orthodontic treatment. Euryprosopic represented 17% of participants, mesoprosopic 48%, and leptoposopic 35%. A positive correlation was found between the left EED and OVD in all facial types, but it was more important in women. The following equation was obtained: OVD=44.58+(0.45×left EED)+sex (women=−4.57; men=0)+facial type (leptoprosopic=0; mesoprosopic=−3.35; euryprosopic=−7.27).
The occlusal vertical dimension is correlated with sex, left EED, and facial type. This straightforward method can be applied in conjunction with other techniques to determine the OVD in the French population.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Introduction
In animal models, refined carbohydrates (RF) worsen Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the long‐term effects of high RF intake on the risk of dementia and AD are poorly described in ...epidemiological studies. Moreover, the interaction between RF and the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE‐ε4) is unknown. Our study investigated whether RF‐rich diets are associated with the risk of dementia and AD.
Methods
The glycemic load (GL) was quantified in 2777 elderly participants from the French Three‐City Study to estimate RF intake. Then, the associations between GL and risk of dementia and AD, and the interaction with APOE‐ε4 over a 12‐year period were assessed using proportional hazards models.
Results
After adjustment for potential confounders, high afternoon‐snack GL was associated with increased dementia and AD risk in APOE‐ε4 carriers (hazard ratio = 1.27 1.03–1.56).
Discussion
This study highlights that RF‐rich diets are a risk factor for dementia and AD in APOE‐ε4 carriers.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major mechanism involved in the onset of physical frailty (PF). Although rich carbohydrate diets may promote insulin resistance, few studies have examined their ...association with PF risk. This study aimed to investigate the spectrum of carbohydrate exposure, including carbohydrate intake (simple, complex, and total), glycemic load (a measure of the diet-related insulin demand), and adherence to a low-carbohydrate diet with the incident risk of PF in community-dwelling older adults. Baseline carbohydrate exposure was assessed in nonfrail participants of the Three-City Bordeaux cohort using a 24-hour dietary recall. Over 15 years of follow-up, participants were screened for PF, defined by the FRAIL scale (≥3 criteria out of Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and weight Loss). Associations were estimated using mixed-effects logistic models adjusted for sex, age, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, depressive symptomatology, global cognitive performances, and protein and energy intakes. The sample included 1 210 participants (62% females, mean age 76 years). Over the follow-up, 295 (24%) incident cases of PF were documented (28% in females, 18% in males). Higher intake of simple carbohydrates was significantly associated with greater odds of incident PF (per 1-SD increased: OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.02–1.62), specifically among males (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.04–2.22). No association was observed with complex or total carbohydrate intake, glycemic load, or low-carbohydrate diet. Among the whole carbohydrate exposure, only higher consumption of simple carbohydrates in older age was associated with a higher risk of developing PF. Further studies are required to explore underlying mechanisms.
Background
Recent evidence suggests that a high refined‐carbohydrate diet is a risk factor for dementia, especially among APOE4 carriers. Thus, refined‐carbohydrate diet may modify biomarkers of ...dementia, such as amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides according to APOE4 carrier status. Here, we focus on afternoon‐snack glycemic load (GL) because snacks are generally richer in refined carbohydrates. We investigated the relationship between plasma Aβ, afternoon‐snack GL, and APOE4 carrier status in participants with or without incident dementia.
Method
We followed 377 non‐demented participants from the Three‐City Study (Bordeaux and Montpellier center), aged over 65, with plasma Aβ peptide concentrations measured at baseline. At 2‐year (Bordeaux center) and 4‐year (Montpellier center), the participants completed a semi‐quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire which was used to estimate GL (GL assesses both the carbohydrate quantity and quality, and reflects glycemic response). At each follow‐up (every 2‐3 years during 15 years), participants had clinical diagnosis of dementia. We used linear regressions to evaluate the associations between plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and GL, APOE4 carrier status, and the interaction GL x APOE4, among participants with or without incident dementia. Models were adjusted for center, age, sex, education level, total cholesterol, serum creatinine and adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
Result
The sample included 60.2% of women and mean age of the participants was 76.1 (± 5.2) years. During the follow‐up, 51 participants developed dementia. Among dementia‐free participants, GL tended to be associated with Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (β = ‐0.006 SE = 0.003, P = .055) but not with Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations. Among incident dementia participants, the interaction GL x APOE4 was associated with plasma Aβ40 concentration (β = 54.2 SE = 25.6 pg/mL, P = .042). Regarding Aβ42, no interaction was found. Regarding Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, GL x APOE4 was no longer significant after adjustment (β = ‐0.038 SE = 0.024 P = .124).
Conclusion
In APOE4 carriers with incident dementia, a higher afternoon‐snack GL was associated with worse plasma Aβ peptide concentrations. These results highlight that rich refined‐carbohydrate diet is a modifiable risk factor for plasma Aβ peptide concentrations and subsequent dementia risk. Experimental studies are required to explain potential mechanism involved.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction
The objectives were to describe the peri‐operative management of people with inherited bleeding disorders in oral surgery and to investigate the association between type of surgery and ...risk of developing bleeding complications.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective observational study included patients with haemophilia A or B, von Willebrand disease, Glanzmann thrombasthenia or isolated coagulation factor deficiency such as afibrinogenemia who underwent osseous (third molar extraction, ortho‐surgical traction, dental implant placement) or nonosseous oral surgery between 2014 and 2021 at Bordeaux University Hospital (France). Patients and oral surgery characteristics were retrieved from medical records. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using logistic regression.
Results
Of the 83 patients included, general anaesthesia was performed in 16%. Twelve had a bleeding complication (14.5%) including six after osseous surgery. The most serious complication was the appearance of anti‐FVIII inhibitor in a patient with moderate haemophilia A. All bleeding complications were managed by a local treatment and factor injections where indicated. No association was observed between type of surgery (osseous vs. nonosseous) and risk of bleeding complications after controlling for sex, age, disease type and severity, multiple extractions, type of anaesthesia and use of fibrin glue (OR: 3.21, 95% CI: .69–14.88).
Conclusion
In this study, we have observed that bleeding complications after oral surgery in people with inherited bleeding disorders were moderately frequent and easily managed. However, in this study, we observed a serious complication highlighting the necessity of a thorough benefit‐risk balance evaluation during the preoperative planning of the surgical and medical protocol.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
As part of a healthy diet, higher carotenoid intakes have been associated with a reduced risk of depression, mainly in adults, while prospective studies on plasma carotenoids in older adults are ...lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the prospective association between plasma carotenoids and the risk of Depressive Symptomatology (DS) in older adults.
The study sample was based on the Three-City cohort of adults aged 65y+ free from DS at enrollment in 1999. Plasma carotenoids were measured at baseline. DS was assessed every 2–3 years over 17 years and defined by a Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale score ≥ 16 and/or by antidepressant use. The association between plasma carotenoids or carotenoid/lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) ratio and the risk for DS was assessed through multiple random-effect logistic regression.
The study sample was composed of 1010 participants (mean age 74 y (±4.9), 58 % of women) followed-up during a median time of 13.4 years. Plasma zeaxanthin and ratios of zeaxanthin/lipids, lutein+zeaxanthin/lipids and β-carotene/lipids were independently associated with a significant reduced risk of DS over time (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 0.67;0.99, OR = 0.79 0.67;0.98, OR = 0.79 0.64;0.94 and OR = 0.80 0.66;0.97 for +1 standard deviation of each exposure respectively).
Plasma carotenoids were only available at study baseline.
Focusing on circulating carotenoids and considering lipids levels, the present results suggested an association between higher levels of plasma zeaxanthin, combined lutein+zeaxanthin and β-carotene and a decreased risk of DS over time in older adults.
•Nutrition is a promising approach in relation to depression in older adults.•Studies on circulating levels of carotenoid are lacking.•This study was based on prospective design, large sample size and long follow-up.•Higher plasma zeaxanthin or β-carotene reduced the risk of depressive symptomatology.•These results encouraged to eat a large variety of colorful fruits and vegetables.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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