Aim
To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 0.2% polyhexamethilene biguanide (PHMB) in root canal models infected with Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis. PHMB ...was compared in these tests with 2.5% NaOCl and 0.2% CHX.
Methods
Prepared models of 50 human root canals (n=50) were immerged in mixed, four-weeks old culture that consisted of E .faecalis, S. epidermidis and C. albicans. Roots were randomly divided into three groups: one with 30 (n=30) and two with 10 (n=10) samples. Samples were treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) (0.2%), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (2.5%) and chlorhexidine (CHX) (0.2%), respectively. Root dentin was sampled before and after the tretment with these solutions. Colony-forming units (CFU) were counted to asses the antimicrobial effects of three solutions on viability of selected microrganisms in specimens before and after the treatment.T-test was used for comparison of results between specimens before and after the treatment, while Newman-Keuls test was used for pairwise comparison at p=0.05.
Results
The PHMB was significantly more efficient in reducing the number of all three tested microorganisms. NaOCl and CHX made only statistically significant (p<0.05) difference in case of E. faecalis and S. epidermidis. In the case of C. albicans, this difference was not statistically significant due to the small number of positive samples and high initial dispersion of results. Conclusion
Both solutions PHMB and NaOCl were successful in eliminating E. faecalis and S. epidermidis from the mature dentin biofilm, CHX was not successful enough.
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ObjectivesThe vitamin D receptor is involved in immunologically mediated diseases such as oral lichen planus. Some studies suggest an association between lower vitamin D concentrations and a higher ...risk of inflammatory conditions such as oral lichen planus. The aim of this study was to investigate 1) whether there is a difference in serum vitamin D concentration in patients with oral lichen planus compared to patients in the control group, 2) whether there is a difference in serum vitamin D concentration in patients with erosive compared to non-erosive forms of oral lichen planus, 3) whether there is a difference in serum vitamin D concentration in patients with developed oral cancer and those without cancer. Material and MethodsThe study included 68 patients, 34 with oral lichen planus and 34 healthy controls. Fasting venous blood was taken from each participant to determine serum concentrations of vitamin D. ResultsThe T-test results confirmed a statistically significant lower serum vitamin D concentration in patients with oral lichen planus compared to the control group (p=0.001). According to the results, a statistically significant lower serum vitamin D concentration was found in patients with erosive form OLP. All five patients with oral cancer, which was developed from erosive OLP, had low serum vitamin D concentrations. ConclusionsDetermination of serum vitamin D concentration could be important for monitoring OLP patients to prevent the development of severe clinical manifestations of erosive OLP and the conversion of symptomatic lesions to oral cancer.
Background/Aims: The objectives of our study were to determine salivary α-amylase activity (stress biomarker) and its association with psychological status and quality of life (QoL), disease duration ...and intensity of symptoms (pain/burning) in patients with OLP. Methods: A total of 50 subjects participated in this case-control study: 30 patients with oral lichen planus (OLP); 20 control subjects. Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) was collected between 9 and 10 am to avoid diurnal fluctuations. Psychological status was assessed using the Croatian validated version of the original Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The impact of oral health on QoL was assessed using the Croatian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire (OHIP-CRO14). Results: There was no statistically significant difference in salivary α-amylase activity between patients with OLP (N=30) and control subjects (N=20) (133813.3 vs. 166815.5 U/L, p=0.314; t-test). Depression, anxiety and stress showed no statistically significant difference between patients with OLP and control subjects (p=0.076, p=0.111, p=0.209; t-test). The patients with OLP had statistically significantly poorer QoL (total) compared to control subjects (p=0.004, t-test). There was a moderate positive correlation between symptom intensity (pain/burning) and poor QoL (total) (r=0.584, p<0.001), the OHIP-CRO14 dimension “physical pain” (r=0.661, p<0.001), “psychological impossibility” (r=0.555, p<0.01), “handicap” (r=0.546, p<0.01). Conclusion: Although salivary α-amylase showed no statistically significant difference between patients with OLP and control subjects, the patients with OLP had poorer psychological status (three times higher scores for depression and two times higher scores for anxiety) and poorer QoL compared to the control subjects. Recognising and treating mental disorders in patients with OLP is important in order to break the „vicious circle“ and achieve a better QoL in these patients.
Oral cancer (OC) is a disease with a high mortality rate due to its late recognition. Since the oral cavity is easily accessible for visual inspection, enabling early diagnosis, the education of ...healthcare workers about preventive oral examinations is critical. This research aimed to assess the level of participants' OC knowledge, as well as to raise awareness about this diagnosis.
The research was conducted as an online survey among students of dental medicine, students of medicine, doctors of dental medicine and doctors of medicine. The questionnaire was designed solely for the purpose of this study and consisted of 29 questions. The first part of the questionnaire consisted of general questions about the participants, whereas the questions in the second part addressed their knowledge and attitudes towards OC.
The surveyed population comprised of 140 dental students, 105 medical students, 159 doctors of dental medicine and 100 medical doctors. The level of knowledge about OC among the participants is not yet satisfactory. The group of dental medicine students scored highest, while medical doctors showed the weakest knowledge.
Additional education about OC for doctors of dental medicine and medical doctors is needed. This step will improve prevention and increase chances for early detection.
The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between the concentration/activity of salivary stress biomarkers (cortisol, α-amylase) and the psychological profile of patients with oral lichen ...planus (OLP) and primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS). A total of 160 subjects participated in this case–control study: 60 patients with OLP; 60 patients with primary BMS; and 40 control subjects. Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) was collected between 9 and 10 a.m. Salivary biomarkers were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Psychological assessment was evaluated with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The patients with primary BMS had higher salivary cortisol concentrations and α-amylase activity (0.52 vs. 0.44 µg/dL; 160,531 vs. 145,804 U/L; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Scheffe test) compared with patients with OLP. The patients with primary BMS had statistically significant higher scores for depression, anxiety, and stress compared with patients with OLP and control subjects (p < 0.001, Kruskal–Wallis test). There was a strong positive correlation between anxiety and depression, stress and depression, and stress and anxiety in patients with OLP and BMS (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively; Spearman’s correlation). There was a good positive correlation between symptom intensity (pain/burning) and psychological profile (depression, anxiety, stress) in patients with primary BMS (r = 0.373, p = 0.003; r = 0.515, p < 0.001; r = 0.365, p = 0.004, respectively; Spearman’s correlation). This case–control study is the first to compare the psychoendocrinological profile of patients with two different oral diseases. The patients with BMS showed a higher concentration/activity of salivary stress biomarkers (cortisol, α-amylase) and a stronger association with mental disorders compared with patients with OLP. However, an interdisciplinary psychoneuroimmunological approach is equally important in both patient groups (OLP and BMS), regardless of whether mental disorders are the cause or the consequence.
Background
It is important to understand how the psychological status of parents affects oral health in children.
Aim
This study aimed to assess the level of depression, anxiety, and stress of ...parents whose children have early‐childhood caries.
Design
The study included 235 children and their parents who visited the Dental clinic at the School of Medicine of the University of Split between October 2016 and July 2017. The dental status of each child was recorded, while parents filled out the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale questionnaire and the questionnaire related to the demographic characteristics, questions related to child's habits of the tooth brushing, eating sweets.
Results
Multiple regression analysis showed that the incidence of active caries in the children was statistically significantly related not only to the level of parent depression (β = −0.289; P = 0.040) but also the level of anxiety (β = 0.186; P = 0.038) and stress (β = −0.120; P = 0.036). The dmft index in the examined children was negatively significant associated with the parental level of depression (β = −0.305; P = 0.032).
Conclusion
Considering the results of our research it is essential to emphasize the need for better health education of parents.
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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immune, inflammatory disease of the oral cavity of a still unknown etiology.
The study involved 63 subjects diagnosed with oral lichen planus and 63 subjects ...without pathologic changes in the oral mucosa who were classified as controls. All subjects were given a detailed medical history at first screening. The medical history of the presence of other autoimmune disease in all subjects was supported by medical records. A sample of venous blood was taken from each subject in order to determine sedimentation rate (SE) and leukocyte count (L) using standard laboratory procedures, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration values were determined as well.
The methods of descriptive statistics, χ2-test, the Fisher's exact test, and the Student's t-test were used in the statistical processing of the results. The results were interpreted at a significance level of
<0.05.
For all three measured inflammatory markers, there were no statistically significant differences in the number of subjects with elevated values between the test and control groups
= 0.364 for SE;
= 1.000 for CRP and
= 0.219 for L). The prevalence of other autoimmune disease in the OLP group was higher than in the control group, with statistical significance, and the most common was cutaneous lichen in nine subjects (14.29%) with OLP and celiac disease seven subjects (11.11%).
The results showed that there was no significant difference in the average values of the investigated inflammatory markers in blood (SE, CRP and L) between patients with OLP and control subjects, while a significantly higher incidence of other autoimmune diseases in patients with OLP was demonstrated.
Phosphorylated inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a naturally occurring carbohydrate, and its parent compound, myoinositol (Ins), is abundantly present in plants, particularly in certain high-fiber ...diets, but also in mammalian cells, where they regulate essential cellular functions. IP6 has profound modulation effects on macrophages, which warrants further research on the therapeutic benefits of IP6 for inflammatory diseases. Here, we review IP6 as a promising compound that has the potential to be used in various areas of dentistry, including endodontics, restorative dentistry, implantology, and oral hygiene products, due to its unique structure and characteristic properties. Available as a dietary supplement, IP6 + Ins has been shown to enhance the anti-inflammatory effect associated with preventing and suppressing the progression of chronic dental inflammatory diseases. IP6 in dentistry is now substantial, and this narrative review presents and discusses the different applications proposed in the literature and gives insights into future use of IP6 in the fields of orthodontics, periodontics, implants, and pediatric dentistry.
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Background
In spite of all the efforts, recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and oral lichen planus (OLP) still have unexplained etiology.
The role of anxiety, depression, and psychological stress in ...occurrence and intensity of symptoms in RAS and OLP patients has been investigated in this study.
Methods
A total of 110 patients with RAS in the acute phase and 112 patients with OLP also in acute phase participated in this study. All patients filled out questionnaires related to the primary disease (RAS/OLP) after which they took the following psychological tests: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), The State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ).
Results
According to multiple regression analysis, in patients with RAS, the highest correlation was found between results of the pain intensity and STAI test (β= 0.66; p < 0.000). In the patients with OLP, the highest correlation was found between the level of hyperkeratosis and WCQ test (β = 0.53; P < 0.000), inflammation and results of BDI test (β = 0.33; P < 0.002), and results of dynia test and STAI test (β = 0.31; P < 0.004).
Conclusions
In this study, a high correlation between anxiety, depression, and psychological stress with symptoms of RAS and OLP has been observed.
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CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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