Resumo O presente estudo apresenta o tratamento taxonômico de Proteaceae para as formações de canga da Serra dos Carajás (Pará, Brasil), onde foi registrada apenas uma espécie, Roupala montana, táxon ...de ampla variação morfológica e distribuição Neotropical. São apresentadas descrição detalhada, comentários e ilustração da espécie.
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As the result of a taxonomic project on
Neomarica
, we describe and illustrate a new species,
Neomarica kollmannii
, and propose ten new synonyms for six species of the genus:
N. altivallis
,
N. ...glauca
,
N. caerulea
,
N. longifolia, N. imbricata
and
N. sabinei
. We also designate lectotypes for four accepted species and five new synonyms, and neotypes for three new synonyms. Comments on the synonyms and typifications are provided. Lastly, we indicate the correct spelling of
N. sabinei
(previously known as
N. sabini
, as cited in several indexes).
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Current evidence suggests that for more robust estimates of species tree and divergence times, several unlinked genes are required. However, most phylogenetic trees for non-model organisms are based ...on single sequences or just a few regions, using traditional sequencing methods. Techniques for massive parallel sequencing or next generation sequencing (NGS) are an alternative to traditional methods that allow access to hundreds of DNA regions. Here we use this approach to resolve the phylogenetic incongruence found in
Hook. (Orchidaceae), a genus that stands out due to several interesting aspects, including cytological (polyploid and diploid species), evolutionary (reticulate evolution) and biogeographical (species widely distributed in the tropics and high endemism in Brazil). The genus has a notoriously complicated taxonomy, with several sections that are widely used but probably not monophyletic.
We generated the complete plastid genome of 40 individuals from one clade within the genus. The method consisted in construction of genomic libraries, hybridization to RNA probes designed from available sequences of a related species, and subsequent sequencing of the product. We also tested how well a smaller sample of the plastid genome would perform in phylogenetic inference in two ways: by duplicating a fast region and analyzing multiple copies of this dataset, and by sampling without replacement from all non-coding regions in our alignment. We further examined the phylogenetic implications of non-coding sequences that appear to have undergone hairpin inversions (reverse complemented sequences associated with small loops).
We retrieved 131,214 bp, including coding and non-coding regions of the plastid genome. The phylogeny was able to fully resolve the relationships among all species in the targeted clade with high support values. The first divergent species are represented by African accessions and the most recent ones are among Neotropical species.
Our results indicate that using the entire plastid genome is a better option than screening highly variable markers, especially when the expected tree is likely to contain many short branches. The phylogeny inferred is consistent with the proposed origin of the genus, showing a probable origin in Africa, with later dispersal into the Neotropics, as evidenced by a clade containing all Neotropical individuals. The multiple positions of
(Jacq.) Garay & Sweet in the phylogeny are explained by allotetraploidy.
Rchb.f. can be considered a genetically distinct species from
and
(Lindl.) Rchb.f., but the delimitation of
remains uncertain. Our study shows that NGS provides a powerful tool for inferring relationships at low taxonomic levels, even in taxonomically challenging groups with short branches and intricate morphology.
ABSTRACT The significant economic potential of Swietenia macrophylla has caused immense reductions in the native populations, jeopardizing their survival. Restoring these populations requires the ...establishment of quality seedling production, which depends on adequate evaluation of the physiological state of seeds. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and light on seed germination and seedling growth of S. macrophylla. The experimental design was completely randomized, with ten treatments of four replicates of 50 seeds. Treatments consisted of: constant temperatures of 23, 29, 35 and 41 °C, with photoperiods of 24 and 12 h of light, and alternating temperatures of 25-35 °C and 30-40 °C, with 12 h of light. Water content, germination, germination speed index, stem diameter, root length, shoot length, root dry mass and shoot dry mass of seedlings were evaluated. At 41 oC, S. macrophylla seeds failed to germinate. A constant temperature of 29 oC under 24 h of light favors the germination process of seeds and initial seedling growth.
RESUMO O significativo potencial econômico de Swietenia macrophylla tem causado redução intensa nas populações nativas, colocando em risco sua sobrevivência, exigindo assim, medidas para promover adequada avaliação do estado fisiológico das sementes, visando estabelecimento de um programa de qualidade de produção de mudas. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura e da luz sobre a germinação de sementes e o crescimento de plântulas de Swietenia macrophylla. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com dez tratamentos de quatro réplicas com 50 sementes, e constou de: temperaturas constantes de 23, 29, 35 e 41 °C, com fotoperíodo de 24 e 12 h de luz, e alternadas de 25-35 oC e 30-40 oC, com 12 h de luz. Avaliou-se o teor de água, germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, diâmetro do coleto, comprimento de raiz e parte aérea, massa seca de raiz e parte aérea de plântulas. Germinação na temperatura de 41 oC é letal para sementes de S. macrophylla. O teste de germinação com temperatura constante de 29 oC sob 24 h de luz favorece o processo germinativo das sementes e o crescimento inicial das plântulas.
Resumo O trabalho apresenta o tratamento taxonômico das espécies das subtribos Ambrosiinae e Helianthinae, pertencentes a tribo Heliantheae (Asteraceae), na Amazônia Legal brasileira. São ...apresentadas chaves de identificação, descrições, ilustrações detalhadas, comentários e distribuição geográfica das espécies. Foram encontrados três gêneros em Ambrosiinae, totalizando quatro espécies e dois gêneros em Helianthinae, somando sete espécies. Aldama kunthiana e A. grandiflora figuram como novos registros para o estado do Tocantins e A. oblongifolia como nova ocorrência para o Acre. Parthenium hysterophorus foi registrado pela primeira vez no estado do Amazonas.
Abstract The work presents a taxonomic treatment of the subtribes Ambrosiinae and Helianthinae, belonging to the tribe Heliantheae (Asteraceae), in the Brazilian Legal Amazon. We present identification keys, descriptions, detailed illustrations, comments and geographical distribution of the species. Three genera were found in Ambrosiinae, totaling four species and two genera for Helianthinae, adding seven species. Aldama kunthiana and A. grandiflora appear as new records for the state of Tocantins and A. oblongifolia as a new occurrence for Acre. Parthenium hysterophorus was first recorded in the state of Amazonas.
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Neomarica brachypus (Baker) Sprague has never been typified, even though the species has been treated in several different taxonomic studies. Therefore, here we designate a lectotype for N. ...brachypus, and present a historical summary of the taxonomy of this neglected species.
Resumo Este estudo engloba as espécies de Anacardiaceae registradas para as cangas da Serra dos Carajás (Pará, Brasil), apresentando detalhadas descrições, comentários e ilustrações das espécies. ...Foram encontradas três espécies: Anacardium occidentale e Tapirira guianensis, ambas Neotropicais, e Thyrsodium spruceanum, restrita à América do Sul.
Resumo Foram encontradas duas espécies de Hydrocharitaceae nas cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Ottelia cf. brasiliensis, primeiro registro do gênero para o Pará, e Apalanthe granatensis. ...São apresentadas descrições detalhadas, comentários e ilustrações das espécies.
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Resumo Foram encontradas quatro espécies de Alismataceae na Serra de Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Limnocharis flava, Echinodorus grisebachii, Helanthium tenellum e Sagittaria rhombifolia, as duas últimas, ...encontradas nas formações de canga. São apresentadas descrições detalhadas, comentários e ilustrações das espécies registradas em canga.
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Resumo Foram encontrados 22 gêneros e 26 espécies de Orchidaceae nas cangas da Serra de Carajás, Pará, Brasil. São apresentados neste estudo descrições, comentários e ilustrações das espécies.
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