Although geotextiles are increasingly employed in stormwater infiltration basins, their influence on the flow and transfer of contaminants, such as heavy metals, has not been fully investigated. ...Leaching column experiments were conducted to characterize the flow and transfer of three heavy metals (zinc, lead, and cadmium) in a calcareous soil with and without geotextiles under steady-state flow and close to saturation for the soil. The influence of geotextiles was characterized for two types of geotextiles (needlepunched and thermosealed) and for two different initial saturation degrees for the needlepunched geotextile. The main results showed that, when placed wet, the needlepunched geotextile had no influence. When placed dry, it homogenized the flow in its surroundings and thus allowed better contact between heavy metals and the reactive soil, resulting in an increase of their retention. The thermosealed geotextile, placed dry, homogenized the flow and increased retention over a larger area, resulting in optimal global retention. In conclusion, geotextiles could be used in infiltration basins, provided that their effect on both flow and heavy metal retention is optimized by appropriate designchoice of geotextilesand appropriate monitoringcontrol of hydric conditions.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
22.
Heat Waves in Florida Cloutier-Bisbee, Shealynn R.; Raghavendra, Ajay; Milrad, Shawn M.
Journal of applied meteorology and climatology,
03/2019, Volume:
58, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Heat waves are increasing in frequency, duration, and intensity and are strongly linked to anthropogenic climate change. However, few studies have examined heat waves in Florida, despite an older ...population and increasingly urbanized land areas that make it particularly susceptible to heat impacts. Heavy precipitation events are also becoming more frequent and intense; recent climate model simulations showed that heavy precipitation in the three days after a Florida heat wave follow these trends, yet the underlying dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms have not been investigated. In this study, a heat wave climatology and trend analysis are developed from 1950 to 2016 for seven major airports in Florida. Heat waves are defined based on the 95th percentile of daily maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures. Results show that heat waves exhibit statistically significant increases in frequency and duration at most stations, especially for mean and minimum temperature events. Frequency and duration increases are most prominent at Tallahassee, Tampa, Miami, and Key West. Heat waves in northern Florida are characterized by large-scale continental ridging, while heat waves in central and southern Florida are associated with a combination of a continental ridge and a westward extension of the Bermuda–Azores high. Heavy precipitation events that follow a heat wave are characterized by anomalously large ascent and moisture, as well as strong instability. Light precipitation events in northern Florida are characterized by advection of drier air from the continent, while over central and southern Florida, prolonged subsidence is the most important difference between heavy and light events.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
An ontogenetic sequence of Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus larvae, reared in intensive culture conditions, was cleared and stained and histologically processed to determine normal cranial ...chondrification for specimens ranging from 0 to 41 days post‐hatch (dph). Twenty‐six cranial cartilaginous structures were described, at daily intervals post‐hatch. The ontogenetic trajectory, composed of alternating steps and thresholds, was interpreted as saltatory. In comparison with other flatfishes, H. hippoglossus exhibits delayed onset of chondrification. From 9 dph onwards, the ontogenetic trajectory resembles more than that of the turbot Psetta maxima than that of the common sole Solea solea or the summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus and winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus. Hippoglossus hippoglossus with the gaping‐jaw malformation, common in intensively cultured individuals of this species, were examined histologically. The reason larvae cannot close their mouth, as their yolk‐sac resorbs, seems to be related to the fusion of the interhyal to the hyosymplectic and ceratohyal with which it is normally articulated.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The source GJ1132 is a nearby red dwarf known to host a transiting Earth-size planet. After its initial detection, we pursued an intense follow-up with the HARPS velocimeter. We now confirm the ...detection of GJ1132b with radial velocities alone. We refined its orbital parameters, and in particular, its mass (
m
b
= 1.66 ± 0.23
M
⊕
), density (
ρ
b
= 6.3 ± 1.3 g cm
−3
), and eccentricity (
e
b
< 0.22; 95%). We also detected at least one more planet in the system. GJ1132c is a super-Earth with period
P
c
= 8.93 ± 0.01 days and minimum mass
m
c
sin
i
c
= 2.64 ± 0.44
M
⊕
. Receiving about 1.9 times more flux than Earth in our solar system, its equilibrium temperature is that of a temperate planet (
T
eq
= 230−300 K for albedos
A
= 0.75 − 0.00), which places GJ1132c near the inner edge of the so-called habitable zone. Despite an a priori favorable orientation for the system,
Spitzer
observations reject most transit configurations, leaving a posterior probability <1% that GJ1132c transits. GJ1132(d) is a third signal with period
P
d
= 177 ± 5 days attributed to either a planet candidate with minimum mass
m
d
sin
i
d
= 8.4
−2.5
+1.7
M
⊕
or stellar activity. Its Doppler signal is the most powerful in our HARPS time series but appears on a timescale where either the stellar rotation or a magnetic cycle are viable alternatives to the planet hypothesis. On the one hand, the period is different than that measured for the stellar rotation (~125 days), and a Bayesian statistical analysis we performed with a Markov chain Monte Carlo and Gaussian processes demonstrates that the signal is better described by a Keplerian function than by correlated noise. On the other hand, periodograms of spectral indices sensitive to stellar activity show power excess at similar periods to that of this third signal, and radial velocity shifts induced by stellar activity can also match a Keplerian function. We, therefore, prefer to leave the status of GJ1132(d) undecided.
Full text
Available for:
FMFMET, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
Aims.
L 98-59 (TIC 307210830, TOI-175) is a nearby M3 dwarf around which TESS revealed three small transiting planets (0.80, 1.35, 1.57 Earth radii) in a compact configuration with orbital periods ...shorter than 7.5 days. Here we aim to measure the masses of the known transiting planets in this system using precise radial velocity (RV) measurements taken with the HARPS spectrograph.
Methods.
We considered both trained and untrained Gaussian process regression models of stellar activity, which are modeled simultaneously with the planetary signals. Our RV analysis was then supplemented with dynamical simulations to provide strong constraints on the planets’ orbital eccentricities by requiring long-term stability.
Results.
We measure the planet masses of the two outermost planets to be 2.42 ± 0.35 and 2.31 ± 0.46 Earth masses, which confirms the bulk terrestrial composition of the former and eludes to a significant radius fraction in an extended gaseous envelope for the latter. We are able to place an upper limit on the mass of the smallest, innermost planet of <1.01 Earth masses with 95% confidence. Our RV plus dynamical stability analysis places strong constraints on the orbital eccentricities and reveals that each planet’s orbit likely has
e
< 0.1.
Conclusions.
L 98-59 is likely a compact system of two rocky planets plus a third outer planet with a lower bulk density possibly indicative of the planet having retained a modest atmosphere. The system offers a unique laboratory for studies of planet formation, dynamical stability, and comparative atmospheric planetology as the two outer planets are attractive targets for atmospheric characterization through transmission spectroscopy. Continued RV monitoring will help refine the characterization of the innermost planet and potentially reveal additional planets in the system at wider separations.
Full text
Available for:
FMFMET, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
Aims: The bright M2.5 dwarf K2-18 (Ms = 0.36 M⊙, Rs = 0.41 R⊙) at 34 pc is known to host a transiting super-Earth-sized planet orbiting within the star's habitable zone; K2-18b. Given the superlative ...nature of this system for studying an exoplanetary atmosphere receiving similar levels of insolation as the Earth, we aim to characterize the planet's mass which is required to interpret atmospheric properties and infer the planet's bulk composition. Methods: We have obtained precision radial velocity measurements with the HARPS spectrograph. We then coupled those measurements with the K2 photometry to jointly model the observed radial velocity variation with planetary signals and a correlated stellar activity model based on Gaussian process regression. Results: We measured the mass of K2-18b to be 8.0 ± 1.9M⊕ with a bulk density of 3.3 ± 1.2 g/cm3 which may correspond to a predominantly rocky planet with a significant gaseous envelope or an ocean planet with a water mass fraction ≳50%. We also find strong evidence for a second, warm super-Earth K2-18c (mp,csinic = 7.5 ± 1.3 M⊕) at approximately nine days with a semi-major axis 2.4 times smaller than the transiting K2-18b. After re-analyzing the available light curves of K2-18 we conclude that K2-18c is not detected in transit and therefore likely has an orbit that is non-coplanar with the orbit of K2-18b although only a small mutual inclination is required for K2-18c to miss a transiting configuration; | Δi| 1-2°. A suite of dynamical integrations are performed to numerically confirm the system's dynamical stability. By varying the simulated orbital eccentricities of the two planets, dynamical stability constraints are used as an additional prior on each planet's eccentricity posterior from which we constrain eb < 0.43 and ec < 0.47 at the level of 99% confidence. Conclusions: The discovery of the inner planet K2-18c further emphasizes the prevalence of multi-planet systems around M dwarfs. The characterization of the density of K2-18b reveals that the planet likely has a thick gaseous envelope which, along with its proximity to the solar system, makes the K2-18 planetary system an interesting target for the atmospheric study of an exoplanet receiving Earth-like insolation. Table A.2 is also available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr ( 130.79.128.5 ) or via cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/608/A35
Full text
Available for:
FMFMET, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
The presence of a contrast blush on computed tomography (CT) in adult splenic trauma is a risk factor for failure of nonoperative management. Arterial embolization is believed to reduce this failure ...rate. The significance of a blush in pediatric trauma is unknown. The authors evaluated the outcome of children with blunt splenic trauma and contrast extravasation.
The trauma registry was queried for all pediatric patients with blunt splenic injuries. Admission CT was reviewed for injury grade and presence of an arterial blush by a radiologist blinded to patient outcome. Hospital and office charts were reviewed for success of nonoperative management, late splenic rupture, and other complications.
One hundred seven children with blunt splenic trauma were identified over a 6-year period. Mean injury grade was 2.9. Six patients required emergency splenectomy. An additional 7 patients met hemodynamic criteria for surgical intervention (3 splenectomies, 4 splenorrhaphies). Admission CT was available in 63 patients. An arterial blush was identified in 5 (9.7%). Four remained stable and were treated conservatively. One underwent splenectomy for hemodynamic instability. There were no cases of delayed splenic rupture, failed nonoperative treatment, or long-term complications.
Contrast blush in children with blunt splenic trauma is rare, and its presence alone does not appear to predict delayed rupture or failure of nonoperative treatment. Based on this limited series, splenic artery embolization does not have a place in the management of splenic injuries in children.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A study involving 49 Canadian individuals with spinal cord disorders investigated using the LIFE-H, a measurement designed to assess the life habits of individuals with disabilities. The LIFE-H ...assessment was found to be reliable, covered most of a person's life habits, and could determine the appearance of disability situations. (Author/CR)
Abstract
Introduction
Previous literature on insomnia and substance use has established a bi-directional relationship between insomnia and alcohol dependence(Chakravorty et al., 2016, Johnson & ...Breslow, 2000, Vitiello, 1997, Conroy & Arnedt, 2014). However, there is little research regarding the relationship between insomnia and use of substances apart from alcohol(Brower & Perron, 2009, Roehrs & Roth, 2001, Conroy & Arnedt, 2014). Furthermore, the association between insomnia symptoms and types of substance use has yet to be explored. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between insomnia complaints and types of substance use.
Methods
Participants were 1221 healthy college students. Type of insomnia complaint(sleep-onset, maintenance, early awakening) was determined via questionnaire. Lifetime use of substances was determined by questionnaire as well. We conducted three linear regressions for each insomnia complaint and compared them to each type of substance use.
Results
We found that lifetime use of non-LSD hallucinogens (β= -.104, p=.028, n=1207) was a significant predictor for sleep onset insomnia complaints, as were lifetime use of sedatives (β= .072, p=.031, n=1206), prescription painkillers (β= .085, p=.015, n=1206) and cigarette smoking (β= .105, p=.005, n=1210). Significant predictors for sleep maintenance insomnia were lifetime use of non-LSD hallucinogens (β= -.107, p=.023, n=1207), anabolic steroids (β= .088, p=.004, n=1208), MDMA (β= -.099, p=.015, n=1206), prescription painkillers (β= .089, p=.014, n=1206) and cigarette smoking (β= .093, p=.013, n=1210). Significant predictors for complaints of waking up too early were lifetime use of sedatives (β= .089, p=.007, n=129), anabolic steroids (β= .099, p=.001, n=129), and MDMA (β= -.082, p=.028, n=129). Lifetime use of alcohol, marijuana, LSD, cocaine, and prescription stimulants were not significant predictors for any insomnia complaints.
Conclusion
Contrary to the previous literature regarding alcohol use and insomnia complaints, our study showed no significant relationship between lifetime use of alcohol and insomnia complaints. However, we did find significant relationships between one or more of the examined insomnia complaints and lifetime use of cigarette smoking, non-LSD hallucinogens, sedatives, prescription painkillers, MDMA and anabolic steroids. Future research should explore these relationships further by examining current use of substances as opposed to lifetime use.
Support (If Any)
None.
Artificial light at night can impact numerous diurnal species by influencing their distribution and habits. In this study, artificial lights placed on the Jacques Cartier bridge in Mont real, Canada ...were evaluated to determine their impact on insects, insectivorous birds and peregrine falcons. The impact was measured the year the illumination begun and the year following (two years in total). Insect distribution and abundance at three different sites around the bridge was measured. Insectivorous bird abundance and activity were evaluated by observing the cliff swallow as a proxy. Peregrine falcon presence and nesting behavior at the bridge was measured. Insects (aerial and aquatic) were found to be more abundant closer to the illuminated part of the bridge and particularly in the year following the illumination’s beginning. Similarly, cliff swallows were more abundant at the bridge the year following the start of the illumination and their activity was more important closer to the illuminated section. Peregrine falcons were only present at the bridge in the year following the beginning of the illumination and specifically at the illuminated part of the bridge. No nesting was detected. These three groups are connected to each other through a food chain in which insect abundance impacts insectivorous bird abundance, which in turn impacts peregrine falcon presence. The illumination therefore positively impacts these three groups separately and together through their food chain. This research highlights the importance of monitoring bird and insect population close to the bridge and further continuation of these observations are necessary to determine if the observed tendency will continue to develop throughout the years.
PDF
