Scopo del presente articolo è mettere a fuoco un episodio finora sconosciuto della fortuna europea di Giraldi Cinthio, ossia la ricezione dei Discorsi intorno al comporre e degli Hecatommithi da ...parte di Stendhal. A tal fine l’articolo compie una ricognizione nella biblioteca del Grenoblese, sia in quella virtuale (i volumi consultati per la stesura dell’Histoire de la peinture en Italie), sia in quella reale (il Fondo Stendhaliano Bucci della Biblioteca Comunale Centrale Sormani di Milano). Nell’esemplare degli Hecatommithi (Venezia, Zoppini, 1580) del Fondo Stendhaliano Bucci (0611) è incollato un disegno che forse rappresenta una scena dell’Orbecche. Stendhal lettore di Giraldi riflette sui meccanismi dell’inventio, anche in rapporto ad altri novellieri italiani, come Matteo Bandello. This article aims to focus on a hitherto unknown episode about the European success of Giraldi Cinthio, namely Stendhal's reception of the Discorsi intorno al comporre and the Hecatommithi. To this end, the article carries out a research in the Grenoblese library, both in the virtual one (the volumes consulted for the drafting of the Histoire de la peinture en Italie), and in the actual library (Fondo Stendhaliano Bucci of the Central Municipal Library Sormani of Milan). A drawing that perhaps represents an Orbecche scene is pasted into the copy of the Hecatommithi (Venice, Zoppini, 1580) in Fondo Stendhaliano Bucci (0611). While reading Giraldi, Stendhal reflects on the mechanisms of the inventio, also in relation to other Italian short story writers, such as Matteo Bandello.
In the last few years, several advances have been made in the use of radar images to detect, map and monitor ground deformations. DInSAR (Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) and ...A-DInSAR/PSI (Advanced DInSAR/Persistent Scatterers Interferometry) technologies have been successfully applied in the study of deformation phenomena induced by, for example, active tectonics, volcanic activity, ground water exploitation, mining, and landslides, both at local and regional scales. In this paper, the existing European Space Agency (ESA) archives (acquired as part of the FP7-DORIS project), which were collected by the ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT satellites operating in the microwave C-band, were analyzed and exploited to understand the dynamics of landslide and subsidence phenomena. In particular, this paper presents the results obtained as part of the FP7-DORIS project to demonstrate that the full exploitation of very long deformation time series (more than 15 years) can play a key role in understanding the dynamics of natural and human-induced hazards.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We demonstrate the potential of satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to identify precursors to catastrophic slope failures. To date, early-warning has mostly relied on the ...availability of detailed, high-frequency data from sensors installed in situ. The same purpose could not be chased through spaceborne monitoring applications, as these could not yield information acquired in sufficiently systematic fashion. Here we present three sets of Sentinel-1 constellation images processed by means of multi-interferometric analysis. We detect clear trends of accelerating displacement prior to the catastrophic failure of three large slopes of very different nature: an open-pit mine slope, a natural rock slope in alpine terrain, and a tailings dam embankment. We determine that these events could have been located several days or weeks in advance. The results highlight that satellite InSAR may now be used to support decision making and enhance predictive ability for this type of hazard.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Purpose During partial ventilatory support, pulse pressure variation (PPV) fails to adequately predict fluid responsiveness. This prospective study aims to investigate whether ...patient-ventilator asynchrony affects PPV prediction of fluid responsiveness during pressure support ventilation (PSV). Materials and methods This is an observational physiological study evaluating the response to a 500-mL fluid challenge in 54 patients receiving PSV, 27 without (Synch) and 27 with asynchronies (Asynch), as assessed by visual inspection of ventilator waveforms by 2 skilled blinded physicians. Results The area under the curve was 0.71 (confidence interval, 0.57-0.83) for the overall population, 0.86 (confidence interval, 0.68-0.96) in the Synch group, and 0.53 (confidence interval, 0.33-0.73) in the Asynch group ( P = .018). Sensitivity and specificity of PPV were 78% and 89% in the Synch group and 36% and 46% in the Asynch group. Logistic regression showed that the PPV prediction was influenced by patient-ventilator asynchrony (odds ratio, 8.8 2.0-38.0; P < .003). Of the 27 patients without asynchronies, 12 had a tidal volume greater than or equal to 8 mL/kg; in this subgroup, the rate of correct classification was 100%. Conclusions Patient-ventilator asynchrony affects PPV performance during partial ventilatory support influencing its efficacy in predicting fluid responsiveness.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Transthoracic echocardiography may potentially be useful to obtain a prompt, accurate and non-invasive estimation of cardiac output. We evaluated whether non-cardiologist intensivists may obtain ...accurate and reproducible cardiac output determination in hemodynamically unstable mechanically ventilated patients.
We studied 25 hemodynamically unstable mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients with a pulmonary artery catheter in place. Cardiac output was calculated using the pulsed Doppler transthoracic echocardiography technique applied to the left ventricular outflow tract in apical 5 chamber view by two intensive care unit physicians who had received a basic Transthoracic Echocardiography training plus a specific training focused on Doppler, left ventricular outflow tract and velocity-time integral determination.
Cardiac output assessment by transthoracic echocardiography was feasible in 20 out of 25 enrolled patients (80%) and showed an excellent inter-operator reproducibility (Pearson correlation test r=0.987; Cohen's K=0.840). Overall, the mean bias was 0.03L.min−1, with limits of agreement −0.52 and +0.57L.min−1. The concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) was 0.986 (95% IC 0.966–0.995) and 0.995 (95% IC 0.986–0.998) for physician 1 and 2, respectively. The value of accuracy (Cb) of COTTE measurement was 0.999 for both observers. The value of precision (ρ) of COTTE measurement was 0.986 and 0.995 for observer 1 and 2, respectively.
A specific training focused on Doppler and VTI determination added to the standard basic transthoracic echocardiography training allowed non-cardiologist intensive care unit physicians to achieve a quick, reproducible and accurate snapshot cardiac output assessment in the majority of mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients.
A ecocardiografia transtorácica pode ser potencialmente útil para obter uma estimativa rápida, precisa e não invasiva do débito cardíaco. Avaliamos se os intensivistas não cardiologistas podem obter uma determinação precisa e reprodutível do débito cardíaco em pacientes mecanicamente ventilados e hemodinamicamente instáveis.
Avaliamos 25 pacientes em unidade de terapia intensiva, mecanicamente ventilados, hemodinamicamente instáveis, com cateteres de artéria pulmonar posicionados. O débito cardíaco foi calculado usando a técnica de ecocardiografia transtorácica com Doppler pulsátil aplicada à via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo no corte apical (5-câmaras) por dois médicos intensivistas que receberam treinamento básico em ecocardiografia transtorácica e treinamento específico focado em Doppler, via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo e determinação da integral de tempo-velocidade.
A avaliação do débito cardíaco pelo ecocardiograma transtorácico foi factível em 20 dos 25 pacientes inscritos (80%) e mostrou excelente reprodutibilidade entre operadores (teste de correlação de Pearson r=0,987; K de Cohen=0,840). No geral, o viés médio foi de 0,03L.min−1, com limites de concordância de −0,52 e +0,57L.min−1. O coeficiente de correlação de concordância (ρc) foi 0,986 (95% IC 0,966–0,995) e 0,995 (95% IC 0,986–0,998) para os médicos 1 e 2, respectivamente. O valor de precisão (Cb) da mensuração de COTTE foi de 0,999 para ambos os observadores. O valor de precisão (ρ) da mensuração de COTTE foi de 0,986 e 0,995 para os observadores 1 e 2, respectivamente.
Um treinamento específico focado na determinação do Doppler e VTI, adicionado ao treinamento padrão em ecocardiografia transtorácica básica, permitiu que médicos não cardiologistas da unidade de terapia intensiva obtivessem uma avaliação rápida, reprodutível e precisa do débito cardíaco instantâneo na maioria dos pacientes mecanicamente ventilados em unidade de terapia intensiva.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
1. Though multistage axial turbines are being widely used since many decades for water steam expansion or in gas turbines, their use in ORCs has traditionally found limitations as a consequence of ...the choice of designing turbines with cantilever arrangements.
2. The choice of the cantilever arrangement is mainly related to the advantages of having simple shaft bearings design, only one rotating seal system in contact with the working fluid, a lighter and more compact turbine casing, only one side of the turbine casing occupied with the bearing and sealing systems (leaving the other side free to host the outlet duct for working fluid expanded vapour which often features very large volumetric flow rates), easiness of access for ordinary and extraordinary maintenance. Hence cantilever arrangement involves definitely lower turbine costs, both in terms of Capex and Opex and is practically the only solution adopted by the industrial suppliers of ORC turbines.
3. By adopting the cantilever arrangement the installation of several turbine discs hosting several expansion stages, traditionally installed one close to the other, would increase the overhang mass of the turbine rotor and decrease the natural frequencies of the system, yielding some mechanical problems and, at the end, limiting the possibility of installing, practically, more than 2-3 stages with this kind of arrangement.
4. On the other hand, however, modern ORC turbines require to increase number of stages to better exploit the expansion enthalpy drop, in order to increase turbine efficiency and/or to allow to adopt a low rotating speed (even 1,500 rpm) for a direct connection with synchronous generator.
5. The paper will describe an innovative solution that has allowed to increase the number of stages from the traditional 2-3 to at least 5 without leaving the effective cantilever arrangement, keeping the concept of ‘rigid’ rotor (i.e. operating below the first flexional natural frequency), with very low measured vibrations.
6. Operating data of a 9 MW 5 stage ORC turbine put in operation in 2016 will also be presented.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The good critical reception and collecting of Leonardo Cremonini‟s artworks in US between 1952 and 1964 is constant and widespread, and it is an exemplary study case of understanding specific ...features of American interest in Italian art untill the early ‟60s and particular dynamics of US exhibit and art market system. Thanks to a series of unpublished archives records that fill gaps and correct mistakes in the artist‟s biography, the essay pieces together Cremonini‟s exhibit activities facilitated by the incisive and efficient dealer actions by Catherine Viviano, who opened a gallery dedicated to Italian art in New York since 1950. Moreover the text analizes the development of collecting by museums and private collecto rs as well as the increase of the market value of Cremonini‟s artworks. Finally it aims highlight the systemic reasons and these in detail connected with Cremonini‟s artistic story, which can explain the rapid rise of his success in American art market and its even faster decrease.
Abstract Background: Functional exercises represent an important link between disaster planning and disaster response. Although these exercises are widely performed, no standardized method exists for ...their evaluation. Study Objectives: To describe a simple and objective method to assess medical performance during functional exercise events. Methods: An evaluation tool comprising three data fields (triage, clinical maneuvers, and radio usage), accompanied by direct anecdotal observational methods, was used to evaluate a large functional mass casualty incident exercise. Results: Seventeen medical responders managed 112 victims of a simulated building explosion. Although 81% of the patients were assigned the appropriate triage codes, evacuation from the site did not follow in priority. Required maneuvers were performed correctly in 85.2% of airway maneuvers and 78.7% of breathing maneuvers, however, significant under-treatment occurred, possibly due to equipment shortages. Extensive use of radio communication was documented. In evaluating this tool, the structured markers were informative, but further information provided by direct observation was invaluable. Conclusion: A three-part tool (triage, medical maneuvers, and radio usage) can provide a method to evaluate functional mass casualty incident exercises, and is easily implemented. For the best results, it should be used in conjunction with direct observation. The evaluation tool has great potential as a reproducible and internationally recognized tool for evaluating disaster management exercises.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Interferometric processing of series of data acquired over time by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites makes it possible to measure millimetric deformations (typically due to landslides, ...subsidence and earthquake or volcanic phenomena) and to monitor the stability of terrain and infrastructures. Despite the unique capability to observe very large areas, this technology has been typically applied to the analysis of relatively small sites or specific geophysical phenomena. In this work, we present the first application of this technology to a national scale project, which required the processing, through advanced persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) techniques, of about 20,000 SAR images acquired from 1992 to 2014 over the whole Italian territory by the ERS, Envisat, and COSMO-SkyMed satellites. The obtained results provide a huge database of surface deformation measurements covering the last 20years and the whole Italian territory, which represents an extremely useful and pioneering service for geo-hazards mapping and prevention.
•Millimetric ground deformation measurements over the whole Italian territory from 1992 to 2014•Monitoring of landslides, subsidence, and earthquake or volcanic phenomena•First application of synthetic aperture radar interferometry to national scale•Processed about 20,000 images acquired by ERS, Envisat and COSMO-SkyMed satellites
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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