To solve the problem that the user information is easy to be stolen in the traditional electronic voting, and the existing quantum voting generally has low computational efficiency, a quantum voting ...protocol based on the combination of quantum Fourier transform summation and vector coding is proposed.In the protocol, each particpant uses quantum Fourier transform to entangle their secret values into the hands of the initiator in the form of a single particle state to vote, and the secret ranking of candidates' votes is realized by vector coding, finally the winner announces the number of votes and ranking.The correctness of the quantum Fourier transform summation in the protocol is verified by the quantum computing simulator provided by IBM.Through theoretical analysis, it is proved that the protocol has good security against four kinds of attacks which are intercept-resend attack, entanglement measurement attack, collusion attack, monitor and candidate attack, and the efficiency of the protocol is higher tha
Recent investigations have shown that the necroptosis of tissue cells in joints is important in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of ...exogenous skeletal stem cells (SSCs) on the necroptosis of subchondral osteoblasts in OA. Human SSCs and subchondral osteoblasts isolated from human tibia plateaus were used for Western blotting, real-time PCR, RNA sequencing, gene editing, and necroptosis detection assays. In addition, the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection OA model was used to evaluate the effects of SSCs on osteoblast necroptosis in vivo. The micro-CT and pathological data showed that intra-articular injections of SSCs significantly improved the microarchitecture of subchondral trabecular bones in OA rats. Additionally, SSCs inhibited the necroptosis of subchondral osteoblasts in OA rats and necroptotic cell models. The results of bulk RNA sequencing of SSCs stimulated or not by tumor necrosis factor α suggested a correlation of SSCs-derived tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) and cell necroptosis. Furthermore, TNFAIP3-derived from SSCs contributed to the inhibition of the subchondral osteoblast necroptosis in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the intra-articular injections of TNFAIP3-overexpressing SSCs further improved the subchondral trabecular bone remodeling of OA rats. Thus, we report that TNFAIP3 from SSCs contributed to the suppression of the subchondral osteoblast necroptosis, which suggests that necroptotic subchondral osteoblasts in joints may be possible targets to treat OA by stem cell therapy.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Hyperammonemia is critical to the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and is associated with mortality in end-stage liver disease. This study investigated the clinical value of ammonia ...variation in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) patients.
A total of 276 patients with HBV-ACLF were retrospectively recruited. Patients' ammonia levels were serially documented. Baseline ammonia, Peak ammonia (highest level), and Trough ammonia (lowest level) were particularly corrected to the upper limit of normal (AMM-ULN). The primary endpoint was 28-day mortality.
The 28-day, 3-month, and 12-month mortality rates were 19.2, 25.7, and 28.2%, respectively. A total of 51 (18.4%) patients had overt HE (grade 2/3/4). Peak AMM-ULN was significantly higher in patients with overt HE and non-survivors compared with their counterparts (
< 0.001). Following adjustment for significant confounders, high Peak AMM-ULN was an independent predictor of overt HE (hazard ratio, 1.031,
< 0.001) and 28-day mortality (hazard ratio, 1.026,
< 0.001). The cut-off of Peak AMM-ULN was 1.8, determined by using the X-tile. Patients with Peak AMM-ULN appearing on days 1-3 after admission had a higher proportion of overt HE and mortality compared to other groups. Patients with decreased ammonia levels within 7 days had better clinical outcomes than those with increased ammonia.
Serum Peak ammonia was independently associated with overt HE and mortality in HBV-ACLF patients. Serial serum ammonia may have prognostic value.
Evidence shows people living with CHB even with a normal ALT (40U/L as threshold) suffer histological disease and there is still little research to evaluate the potential benefit of antiviral ...benefits in them.
We retrospectively examined 1352 patients who underwent liver biopsy from 2017 to 2021 and then obtained their 1-year follow-up data to analyze.
ALT levels were categorized into high and low, with thresholds set at >29 for males and >15 for females through Youden's Index. The high normal ALT group showed significant histological disease at baseline (56.43%
43.82%, p< 0.001), and better HBV DNA clearance from treatment using PSM (p=0.005). Similar results were obtained using 2016 AASLD high normals (male >30, female >19). Further multivariate logistic analysis showed that high normal ALT (both criterias) was an independent predictor of treatment (OR 1.993, 95% CI 1.115-3.560, p=0.020; OR 2.000, 95% CI 1.055-3.793, p=0.034) Both of the models had higher AUC compared with current scoring system, and there was no obvious difference between the two models (AUC:0.8840
0.8835).
Male >30 or female >19 and Male >29 or female>15 are suggested to be better thresholds for normal ALT. Having a high normal ALT in CHB provides a potential benefit in antiviral therapy.
As there is a strong interest in red-skinned pears, the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin regulation in red-skinned pears has been widely investigated; however, little is known about the molecular ...mechanism of anthocyanin regulation in red-fleshed pears due to limited availability of such germplasm, primarily found in European pears (Pyrus communis). In this study, based on transcriptomic analysis in red-fleshed and white-fleshed pears, we identified an ethylene response factor (ERF) from P. communis, PcERF5, of which expression level in fruit flesh was significantly correlated with anthocyanin content. We then verified the function of PcERF5 in regulating anthocyanin accumulation by genetic transformation in both pear skin and apple calli. PcERF5 regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis by different regulatory pathways. On the one hand, PcERF5 can activate the transcription of flavonoid biosynthetic genes (PcDFR, PcANS and PcUFGT) and two key transcription factors encoding genes PcMYB10 and PcMYB114. On the other hand, PcERF5 interacted with PcMYB10 to form the ERF5-MYB10 protein complex that enhanced the transcriptional activation of PcERF5 on its target genes. Our results suggested that PcERF5 functioned as a transcriptional activator in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis, which provides new insights into the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis. This new knowledge will provide guidance for molecular breeding of red-fleshed pear.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), a member of the Flaviviridae enveloped RNA virus family, results in an epidemic disease that brings serious economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. ...Valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97), a multifunctional active protein in cells, is related to the life activities of many viruses. However, the role of VCP in CSFV infection remains unknown. In this study, it was first found that treatment of VCP inhibitors impaired CSFV propagation. Furthermore, overexpression or knockdown of VCP showed that it was essential for CSFV infection. Moreover, confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation assay showed that VCP was recruited for intracellular transport from early endosomes to lysosomes. Importantly, knockdown of VCP prevented CSFV to release from early endosomes, suggesting that VCP is a key factor for CSFV trafficking. Taken together, our findings first demonstrate that the endocytosis of CSFV into PK-15 cells requires the participation of VCP, providing the alternative approach for the discovery of novel anti-flaviviridae drugs.
•This is the first report that VCP inhibits CSFV infection.•In the early stage of infection, VCP is involved in CSFV endocytosis.•VCP colocalizes and interacts with Rab5 and Lamp-1 after CSFV entry.•CSFV is restricted to early endosomes upon VCP depletion.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Melanotic schwannoma is a rare tumor with indeterminate biologic behavior and varying treatment recommendations. Just about 200 cases have been reported worldwide, in which occurred in peripheral ...nerves has even less reported. Due to the lack of cognition of melanotic schwannoma, it is easy to be misdiagnosed and mistreatment in primary hospitals. Herein, we presented a case of massive melanotic schwannoma growing in the brachial plexus of an elderly male patient. First, the patient underwent a left forearm tumor resection in the local primary hospital because a painless lump was found there in 2017, of which details remain unclear. After this operation, the patient developed the symptoms of left median nerve injury. Thus, he came to our hospital and underwent a second operation. During this operation, we found that a part of the median nerve was absent at the left forearm, and the remanent median nerve, from the broken end to the elbow, was totally turned black, which was accompanied by petroleum-like exudate. Losing the opportunity for nerve repair, the black nerve was removed extensively and thoroughly. Postoperative pathological diagnosis revealed that the tumor was melanotic schwannoma. Then 4 years later, the tumor recurrence again, which led to the paralysis of the whole left arm and severe nerve pain, and the pulmonary metastasis of the tumor was detected at the same time. The black nerve was resected again in our hospital, and the nerve pain was partially relieved after the operation. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to report a melanotic schwannoma case that happened in the peripheral nerve trunk and then spread to the whole brachial plexus. There were many questions that worthy of discussion could be invited from this case, and we analyzed and discussed them based on the relevant literature. In conclusion, we reported a rare case of melanotic schwannoma that happened in the brachial plexus and illustrated the problems of the diagnosis and treatment of it based on the analysis of the relevant literature, which is helpful for the cognition of this rare nerve tumor.
Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) can trigger NADPH oxidase (NOX) and lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ...Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a phenolic composite in olive oil that has antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects and enhances autophagy. Early research has revealed that HT can activate the silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) pathway to induce autophagy and alleviate the cartilage inflammatory response caused by H2O2. However, whether HT can attenuate AOPP‑induced NOX and inflammatory responses remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate how HT can alleviate the damage caused by AOPPs. In cell experiments, chondrocytes were pre‑stimulated with HT and then exposed to AOPPs. First, it was found that HT promoted autophagy through the SIRT1 pathway, increased the expression of autophagy‑related proteins including microtubule‑associated protein 1 light chain 3, autophagy related (ATG)5 and ATG7, and decreased the expression of P62. Furthermore, HT reduced the expression of NOX, which was affected by AOPPs in chondrocytes through the SIRT1 pathway. Finally, the expression of inflammatory cytokines caused by AOPPs was downregulated following HT treatment. In conclusion, it was found that HT reduced the expression of NOX and inhibited the inflammatory response caused by AOPPs in chondrocytes through the SIRT1 pathway.
Brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) injury develops frequent and intense neuropathic pain, involving in both peripheral and central nervous systems. The incidence of anxiety or depression caused by ...BPA-induced neuropathic pain is high, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.
We established a BPA mice model and assessed its negative emotions through behavioral tests. To further explore the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the unique emotional behavior after BPA, we performed intestinal fecal 16s and metabolomics assays. Psychobiotics (PB) supplementation was administered to BPA mice to check the probiotics effects on BPA-induced anxiety behaviors.
Pain related anxiety-like behavior was observed at the early stage after BPA (7 days), while no depression-like behavior was detected. Intriguingly, gut microbiota diversity was increased in BPA mice, and the most abundant probiotics, Lactobacillus, showed obvious changes. Lactobacillus_reuteri was significantly decreased in BPA mice. Metabolomics analysis showed that Lactobacillus_reuteri-related bile acid pathway and some neurotransmitter amino acids were significantly altered. Further PB (dominated by Lactobacillus_reuteri) supplementation could significantly relieve BPA-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice.
Our study suggests that pathological neuralgia after BPA could alter intestinal microbiota diversity, especially Lactobacillus, and the changes in neurotransmitter amino acid metabolites may be the key reason for the onset of anxiety-like behaviors in BPA mice.
The size effect of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is investigated systematically, by examining the similarity of geometrical dimensions, mechanical parameters and thermal behaviors. The strain ...and strain rate distribution, microstructure and mechanical property evolution upon scaling up were characterized experimentally, followed by finite element simulations and theoretical analyses of thermal behavior. Steady and consistent microstructure recovery and mechanical properties softening observed in the eight-pass ECAP processed ultrafine-grained (UFG) copper upon scaling-up, demonstrate a significant size effect. The billet temperature profile rises upon scaling-up in simulation that accounts for the observed size effect. Theoretical analyses show that neither the heat conduction within the billet, nor the heat exchange between the billet and its surroundings could maintain similarity upon scaling. In other words, the size effect in ECAP is inherently rooted in the laws of thermal physics. Plunger velocity scaling down was proposed as an effective strategy to control the temperature rise and size effect upon scaling up. The fundamental discoveries uncovered by present work will benefit the scaling of ECAP for commercialization. And the frame of similarity applied to the examination of the ECAP process is believed to be also applicable to the scaling of other thermal mechanical processing.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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