Craniosynostosis may lead to hampered fetal head molding and birth complications. To study the interaction between single suture craniosynostosis and delivery complications, an international, ...multicentre, retrospective cohort study was performed.
All infants born between 2006 and 2012 in the Netherlands and Sweden with sagittal or metopic suture synostosis were included. All births were included as a reference population. The primary outcome measure was rate of medically assisted labor. The secondary outcomes included method of conception, term of birth and fetal position.
We included 152 trigonocephaly patients, 272 scaphocephaly patients and 1.954.141 controls. A higher rate of assisted reproductive technology (ART) was found in patients with trigonocephaly (13%) and scaphocephaly (7%) compared to controls (3%, p < 0.001). Scaphocephaly resulted in more postterm births (8% vs 4%, p < 0.001). Trigonocephaly patients showed more preterm births (11% vs 6%, p < 0.001), breech position was more frequent (10% vs 4%, p = 0.003) and labor was more often induced. Rate of assisted delivery, including cesarean section, was significantly higher in both patient groups.
Scaphocephaly leads to more postterm births and an increased rate of cesarean sections. Trigonocephaly is related to ART, and in addition higher rates of breech position and cesarean section are found. Prenatal detection of single suture craniosynostosis could improve perinatal care.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Upscaling the microscopic processes in charged porous media which are responsible for pore pressure evolution and swelling is a topic of ongoing research. Current theories assume homogeneous media ...with uniform pore sizes and the impact of microscopic heterogeneity is neglected. This is a preliminary study to determine the significance of such pore-scale heterogeneity on the pressure evolution in charged porous media, where we neglect deformation of the solid phase. We present a pore-network model to simulate salt transport and pressure evolution in a charged porous medium. Results show that, for pore radii following a log-normal distribution, the average pressure in heterogeneous networks are significantly lower than in homogeneous networks with the same mean pore size. This is expressed by lower average pressures, as well as lower streaming potentials and faster ion transport rates in heterogeneous networks. These results indicate that heterogeneity in charged porous media should be investigated further.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
16.
Self-Assembled Nanoreactors Vriezema, Dennis M; Comellas Aragonès, Marta; Elemans, Johannes A. A. W ...
Chemical reviews,
04/2005, Volume:
105, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Vriezema et al give an overview of the wide range of nanoreactors that have been constructed from synthetic and biological building blocks using both covalent and noncovalent approaches. The primary ...focus is on self-assembled systems, varying in size from a few nanometers to tens of micrometers.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
This report investigated the impact of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) on transplantation outcomes in 1859 acute myeloid leukemia patients given allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells after ...reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC allo-SCT). Grade I acute GVHD was associated with a lower risk of relapse (hazards ratio (HR)=0.7, P=0.02) translating into a trend for better overall survival (OS; HR=1.3; P=0.07). Grade II acute GVHD had no net impact on OS, while grade III-IV acute GVHD was associated with a worse OS (HR=0.4, P<0.0.001) owing to high risk of nonrelapse mortality (NRM; HR=5.2, P<0.0001). In time-dependent multivariate Cox analyses, limited chronic GVHD tended to be associated with a lower risk of relapse (HR=0.72; P=0.07) translating into a better OS (HR=1.8; P<0.001), while extensive chronic GVHD was associated with a lower risk of relapse (HR=0.65; P=0.02) but also with higher NRM (HR=3.5; P<0.001) and thus had no net impact on OS. In-vivo T-cell depletion with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or alemtuzumab was successful at preventing extensive chronic GVHD (P<0.001), but without improving OS for ATG and even with worsening OS for alemtuzumab (HR=0.65; P=0.001). These results highlight the role of the immune-mediated graft-versus-leukemia effect in the RIC allo-SCT setting, but also the need for improving the prevention and treatment of severe GVHD.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Wood represents the defining feature of forest systems, and often the carbon in woody debris has a long residence time. Globally, coarse dead wood contains 36-72 Pg C, and understanding what controls ...the fate of this C is important for predicting C cycle responses to global change. The fate of a piece of wood may include one or more of the following: microbial decomposition, combustion, consumption by insects, and physical degradation. The probability of each fate is a function of both the abiotic environment and the wood traits of the species. The wood produced by different species varies substantially in chemical, micro- and macro-morphological traits; many of these characteristics of living species have 'afterlife' effects on the fate and turnover rate of dead wood. The colonization of dead wood by microbes and their activity depends on a large suite of wood chemical and anatomical traits, as well as whole-plant traits such as stem-diameter distributions. Fire consumption is driven by a slightly narrower range of traits with little dependence on wood anatomy. Wood turnover due to insects mainly depends on wood density and secondary chemistry. Physical degradation is a relatively minor loss pathway for most systems, which depends on wood chemistry and environmental conditions. We conclude that information about the traits of woody plants could be extremely useful for modeling and predicting rates of wood turnover across ecosystems. We demonstrate how this trait-based approach is currently limited by oversimplified treatment of dead wood pools in several leading global C models and by a lack of quantitative empirical data linking woody plant traits with the probability and rate of each turnover pathway. Explicitly including plant traits and woody debris pools in global vegetation climate models would improve predictions of wood turnover and its feedback to climate.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
19.
A virus-based single-enzyme nanoreactor Engelkamp, Hans; Cornelissen, Jeroen J. L. M; Comellas-Aragonès, Marta ...
Nature nanotechnology,
10/2007, Volume:
2, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Most enzyme studies are carried out in bulk aqueous solution, at the so-called ensemble level, but more recently studies have appeared in which enzyme activity is measured at the level of a single ...molecule, revealing previously unseen properties. To this end, enzymes have been chemically or physically anchored to a surface, which is often disadvantageous because it may lead to denaturation. In a natural environment, enzymes are present in a confined reaction space, which inspired us to develop a generic method to carry out single-enzyme experiments in the restricted spatial environment of a virus capsid. We report here the incorporation of individual horseradish peroxidase enzymes in the inner cavity of a virus, and describe single-molecule studies on their enzymatic behaviour. These show that the virus capsid is permeable for substrate and product and that this permeability can be altered by changing pH.
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IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Temperature is an important parameter that can influence the equilibria and rates of environmental processes. In the present paper, a review of the influence of temperature on sorption equilibrium ...and sorption kinetics for organic micropollutants is presented. A fast and a slow process can be distinguished for sorption. For most compounds, equilibrium sorption decreases with increasing temperature. Some examples of increasing equilibrium sorption with increasing temperature and of no effect of temperature on sorption equilibrium were also found. The rate of fast desorption increased with increasing temperature. Calculated activation energies for desorption were in the range of 10–50 kJ/mol. Also, examples of no influence of temperature on the rates of fast adsorption and desorption were reported.
In the present paper, the slow desorption step is assumed to be a diffusion process. Literature on the effect of temperature on the diffusion of organic compounds in polymeric structures is summarized. Activation energies for diffusion in polymers average 60 kJ/mol. The reported values for the activation energy of slow desorption are comparable to those found for diffusion of organic micropollutants through organic polymers. This is an indication that diffusion causes nonequilibrium sorption effects.
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IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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