We study the high harmonic generation and the polarization of the harmonics emitted by a nanoring driven by two laser fields of angular frequency ω1 and ω2, with ω2 = 2ω1, and ω1 resonant between the ...ground and the first excited state. We show that by varying parameters, such as laser intensity, photon energy and the delay between the two laser pulses, we can control the number of harmonics and the polarization of the radiation. In particular we show that with this choice of two-laser photon frequency rate we obtain more harmonics with respect to other configurations. We also calculated the average absorbed energy and the average angular momentum acquired by the electron as a function of the intensity of the two lasers obtaining spikes of angular momentum.
Oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes are rarely mutated in several pediatric tumors and some early stage adult cancers. This suggests that an aberrant epigenetic reprogramming may crucially affect the ...tumorigenesis of these tumors. Compelling evidence support the hypothesis that cancer stem cells (CSCs), a cell subpopulation within the tumor bulk characterized by self-renewal capacity, metastatic potential and chemo-resistance, may derive from normal stem cells (NSCs) upon an epigenetic deregulation. Thus, a better understanding of the specific epigenetic alterations driving the transformation from NSCs into CSCs may help to identify efficacious treatments to target this aggressive subpopulation. Moreover, deepening the knowledge about these alterations may represent the framework to design novel therapeutic approaches also in the field of regenerative medicine in which bioengineering of NSCs has been evaluated. Here, we provide a broad overview about: 1) the role of aberrant epigenetic modifications contributing to CSC initiation, formation and maintenance, 2) the epigenetic inhibitors in clinical trial able to specifically target the CSC subpopulation, and 3) epigenetic drugs and stem cells used in regenerative medicine for cancer and diseases.
The interaction of graphene nanoparticles and strong 64 fs pulses is examined. We demonstrate high-order harmonic generation in the plasma contained in crumpled sheets of graphene. The morphological ...studies of the debris of ablated graphene, application of single-color and two-color pumps of graphene-containing plasma, and theoretical consideration of the high-order harmonic generation in this medium are presented.
Fireworks are one of the most unusual sources of pollution in atmosphere; although transient, these pollution episodes are responsible for high concentrations of particles (especially metals and ...organic compounds) and gases. In this paper, results of a study on chemical–physical properties of airborne particles (elements, ions, organic and elemental carbon and particles size distributions) collected during a fireworks episode in Milan (Italy) are reported. Elements typically emitted during pyrotechnic displays increased in 1
h as follows: Sr (120 times), Mg (22 times), Ba (12 times), K (11 times), and Cu (6 times). In our case study, Sr was recognised as the best fireworks tracer because its concentration was very high during the event and lower than, or comparable with, minimum detection limits during other time intervals, suggesting that it was mainly due to pyrotechnic displays. In addition, particles number concentrations increased significantly during the episode (up to 6.7 times in 1
h for the 0.5<
d<1
μm size bin). Contributions (e.g. Cu, elemental carbon and nitrogen oxides) to air pollution due to the large traffic volume registered during the same night were also singled out.
The original application of Positive Matrix Factorisation and Multiple Linear Regression allowed, as far as we know, here for the first time, the quantification of the fireworks contribution to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and the resolution of their chemical profile. The contribution of fireworks to the local environment in terms of PM
10 mass, elements and chemical components was assessed with 4-h time resolution. PM
10 mass apportioned by fireworks was up to 33.6
μg
m
−3 (about 50% of the total PM
10 mass). Major contributors were elemental and organic carbon (2.8 and 8.1
μg
m
−3, respectively) as well as metals like Mg, K, Sr, Ba, and Cu (0.4, 0.7, 0.07, 0.1, and 0.1
μg
m
−3, respectively).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Context.
Until recently, camera networks designed for monitoring fireballs worldwide were not fully automated, implying that in case of a meteorite fall, the recovery campaign was rarely immediate. ...This was an important limiting factor as the most fragile – hence precious – meteorites must be recovered rapidly to avoid their alteration.
Aims.
The Fireball Recovery and InterPlanetary Observation Network (FRIPON) scientific project was designed to overcome this limitation. This network comprises a fully automated camera and radio network deployed over a significant fraction of western Europe and a small fraction of Canada. As of today, it consists of 150 cameras and 25 European radio receivers and covers an area of about 1.5 × 10
6
km
2
.
Methods.
The FRIPON network, fully operational since 2018, has been monitoring meteoroid entries since 2016, thereby allowing the characterization of their dynamical and physical properties. In addition, the level of automation of the network makes it possible to trigger a meteorite recovery campaign only a few hours after it reaches the surface of the Earth. Recovery campaigns are only organized for meteorites with final masses estimated of at least 500 g, which is about one event per year in France. No recovery campaign is organized in the case of smaller final masses on the order of 50 to 100 g, which happens about three times a year; instead, the information is delivered to the local media so that it can reach the inhabitants living in the vicinity of the fall.
Results.
Nearly 4000 meteoroids have been detected so far and characterized by FRIPON. The distribution of their orbits appears to be bimodal, with a cometary population and a main belt population. Sporadic meteors amount to about 55% of all meteors. A first estimate of the absolute meteoroid flux (mag < –5; meteoroid size ≥~1 cm) amounts to 1250/yr/10
6
km
2
. This value is compatible with previous estimates. Finally, the first meteorite was recovered in Italy (Cavezzo, January 2020) thanks to the PRISMA network, a component of the FRIPON science project.
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FMFMET, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
ABSTRACT
Two meteorite pieces have been recovered in Italy, near the town of Cavezzo (Modena), on 2020 January 4th. The associated fireball was observed on the evening of New Year’s Day 2020 by eight ...all-sky cameras of the PRISMA fireball network, a partner of FRIPON. The computed trajectory had an inclination angle of approximately 68° and a velocity at infinity of 12.8 km s−1. Together with the relatively low terminal height, estimated as 21.5 km, those values were indicating the significant possibility of a meteorite dropping event, as additionally confirmed by the non-zero residual total mass. The strewn-field was computed taking into account the presence of two bright light flashes, revealing that the meteoroid had been very likely subject to fragmentation. Three days after the event, two samples, weighing 3.1 and 52.2 g, were collected as a result of a dedicated field search and thanks to the involvement of the local people. The two pieces were immediately recognized as freshly fallen fragments of meteorite. The computed orbital elements, compared with the ones of known Near-Earth Asteroids from the NEODyS database, are compatible with one asteroid only; 2013 VC10. The estimated original mass of the meteoroid, 3.5 kg, and size, approximately 13 cm, is so far the smallest among the current 35 cases in which meteorites were recovered from precise strewn-field computation thanks to observational data. This result demonstrates the effectiveness of accurate processing of fireball network data even on challenging events generated by small size meteoroids.
This pilot study is the first to examine whether a novel curriculum based on the Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture (RFCDC) could increase children's endorsement and knowledge ...of children's rights. We conducted a pre-test-post-test design with an intervention and a comparison school. Pupils (n = 172) from Bulgaria, Italy, Norway, Romania, and Spain attended schools in which the curriculum was taught, whereas pupils in the comparison group (n = 120) attended schools in the same city where the curriculum was not taught. Both groups were tested on their endorsement and knowledge of rights before and at the end of the intervention. Children in the intervention group increased in endorsing children's rights at post-test more than did children in the intervention group. Most children believed that children had rights. Children in the intervention group showed modest increases in their knowledge of rights. Future ways of implementing the RFCDC are suggested.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
BackgroundAlectinib is indicated as a second-line treatment of adult patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive, previously treated with ...crizotinib. Clinical safety data do not report adverse drug reactions (ADR) on the central nervous system. This drug is on the European list of medicinal products under additional monitoring.PurposeDescribe a case of manic episodes in a patient with advanced NSCLC treated with alectinib.Material and methodsRetrospective observation of a clinical case. The data – diagnostic tests, therapy and clinical course – were obtained by the review of medical records.ResultsA 46 years’ old female affected by NSCLC ALK positive with brain metastases began treatment with alectinib in December 2017. Treatment, four capsules twice a day, allowed cancer regression and metastasis disappearance. In March 2018, a CT scan with and without contrast agent (80 cc Ioversol 370 mg/mL), did not show pathological signs in intracranial space or grooves growth of the convexities. History was negative for psychiatric disorders but after the beginning of treatment, the patient developed an anxious depressive symptomatology and insomnia that worsened in the next months. Between February and May 2018, the patient was hospitalised four times at the Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment Service, and diagnosed with bipolar severe disorder: psychotic characteristics with persistently high mood, irritable and expanded, logorrhea, agitation, impairment of social functioning, delirium with ideas of grandeur and persecution. This ADR has been reported on the national pharmacovigilance network.Psychotic symptoms were treated with Sodium Valproate 300 mg os, Aripiprazole 400 mg ev, Lithium Carbonate 300 mg os, and high doses of Lorazepam and Olanzapine up to 30 mg. The patient responded well but had recurrences after each hospital discharge. Although initially this could be supposed as poor treatment compliance, this was impossible due to long-acting injectable therapy with normal levels of valproataemia and lithiaemia.The patient continued the therapy with Olanzapine and Lorazepam.ConclusionIn the literature there are no cases of Alectinib neurological toxicity. For this reason, healthcare professionals need to monitor carefully any unexpected ADR that can manifest itself during treatment with new drugs, especially those under additional monitoring.References and/or acknowledgementsPubmed; Abstract book EJHP; RCP Alectinib and clinical studies; RNFV.No conflict of interest.
BackgroundGuanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency is a rare disorder (prevalence <1/1,000,000), inherited as autosomal recessive traits, characterised by an inborn error of creatine ...synthesis. Creatine deficiency results in a combination of symptoms such as intellectual disability, autistic behaviour, seizures, speech delay and hypotonia. Magnetic resonance is used at diagnosis and follow-up. The treatment goal is an increase in creatine levels in the brain with oral creatine supplements, ornithine and sodium benzoate. On-the-market benzoate medicinal products do not exist and dietary supplements of ornithine and creatine do not satisfy the needs of the paediatric population in constant growth. Galenic preparations are the unique way to succeed in treating this rare disease.PurposeThe objective was to report our experience, in order to focus on the importance of galenic preparations, unique resources to treat paediatric patients and orphan diseases.Material and methodsThe best regimen was established by a multidisciplinary approach in a function of patients’ weight and laboratory data (creatine and guanidinoacetate levels). An appropriate formulation was chosen according to active substance solubility and mucous membranes irritancy. Follow-up data were recorded retrospectively through medical records.ResultsTwo Egyptian patients, 13 and 19 years’ old, weight 56 and 94 kg respectively, in 2012 were diagnosed with GAMT deficiency by the Paediatric Unit. We chose unitary solid formulation: ornithine maps of 5 g for the first patient (10 g/die), maps of 2 g for the second (7 g/die) (106 mg/kg/die). Creatine had been given as powder, with a specific doser, considering high daily amount: 11 gx2/die for the first patient and 12 gx3/die for the second patient (382 mg/Kg/die). Concerning sodium benzoate, an irritant for mucosa, a 20% liquid formulation was chosen, to be administered with fruit juice. Clinicians decided a posology of 59 mg/kg/die, so 9 mLx2/die were administered to the first patient, and 14 mLx2/die were administered to the second patient. Patients since 2012 have not manifested adverse drug reactions and therapy has brought a stable clinical picture: optimal creatine level, measured as peak at MR, and low levels of gaunidinoacetate on spot (8.3 mcM/L), indicative of good metabolic control.ConclusionGAMT deficiency is a rare cerebral disorder, with a high impact on patients’ quality of life. A palliative approach is possible only through galenic preparations. Personalised therapies allow these patients to manage intellectual and movement disability in a better way, contributing to improving and/or stabilising the clinical picture.Reference and/or acknowledgementsViau, et al. evidence-based-treatment of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency, 2013, Elsevier.No conflict of interest.
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