The gateway sign configuration has been effective at increasing motorist yielding and reducing speeds at crosswalks. A gateway configuration uses in‐street signs at a crosswalk on each edge of the ...roadway and on each lane line. Although this intervention is effective at increasing motorist yielding at uncontrolled crosswalks, the limits of the intervention have yet to be tested. The present study examined if 1) the effects of the gateway intervention on one crosswalk would generalize to an untreated adjacent crosswalk, and 2) if the effects of an offset configuration of signs which partially treated each crosswalk could maximize the effects of that generalization. Experiment 1 showed that less yielding occurred at the untreated crosswalk than at the treated crosswalk, though yielding was higher than baseline. In Experiment 2, results showed that an offset gateway configuration could produce comparable levels of yielding at both crosswalks.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Infection is a leading cause of total joint arthroplasty failure. In previous studies, we found correlations between the level of contamination, concentrations of airborne particles, and the number ...of staff present. In this study, we focused on the apparel of nonscrubbed operating room (OR) staff to elucidate their contribution to the airborne microbial load.
We compared hospital-laundered scrubs to disposable coveralls using 2 methods. (1) Participants entered an isolation chamber with a controlled environment and completed tasks for 1 hour wearing both the approved and alternative OR attire. Settle plates collected viable contaminants that were shed by the participants during testing. (2) Lab members conducted standardized maneuvers in a functional OR that simulated typical movements of the nurse, anesthesiologist, implant representative, and entering/exiting staff. An airborne particle counter and settle plates were positioned throughout the OR. After 1 hour, the staff changed apparel and repeated the test. Each session of both phases consisted of 2 tests by the same individuals on the same day.
There was approximately a 10-fold difference in the settlement rate of viable particles between groups when employing the isolation chamber. The settle rate for scrubs was 5,519 ± 1,381 colony forming units (CFUs)/m2/h, while the settle rate for coveralls was 505 ± 55 CFUs/m2/h (P = .008). During testing in the OR, 218.7 ± 35 CFUs/m2/h were captured for scrubs, compared with 50.5 ± 13 CFUs/m2/h for the coverall (P < .01). The concentration of airborne particles collected for scrubs was 4,952.1 ± 495 particles/m3 and 1,065 ± 53 particles/m3 for the coveralls (P < .01). This was a 77% and 79% reduction for both measures, respectively.
The open nature of standard scrubs allows contaminated particles to escape into the OR environment, whereas the one-piece design of the coveralls restricts pathways of escape. The results of this study may be helpful when developing hospital infection prevention policies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The majority of women with ovarian cancer are diagnosed with metastatic disease, therefore elucidating molecular events that contribute to successful metastatic dissemination may identify additional ...targets for therapeutic intervention and thereby positively impact survival. Using two human high grade serous ovarian cancer cell lines with inactive TP53 and multiple rounds of serial in vivo passaging, we generated sublines with significantly accelerated intra-peritoneal (IP) growth. Comparative analysis of the parental and IP sublines identified a common panel of differentially expressed genes. The most highly differentially expressed gene, upregulated by 60-65-fold in IP-selected sublines, was the type I transmembrane protein AMIGO2. As the role of AMIGO2 in ovarian cancer metastasis remains unexplored, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to reduce AMIGO2 expression, followed by in vitro and in vivo functional analyses. Knockdown of AMIGO2 modified the sphere-forming potential of ovarian cancer cells, reduced adhesion and invasion in vitro, and significantly attenuated IP metastasis. These data highlight AMIGO2 as a new target for a novel anti-metastatic therapeutic approach aimed at blocking cohesion, survival, and adhesion of metastatic tumorspheres.
•Most women with ovarian cancer are diagnosed with diffuse intra-peritoneal (IP) metastases and succumb to metastatic burden.•Ovarian cancer cells selected in vivo for IP metastatic aggressiveness display altered gene expression.•The adhesion molecule AMIGO2 is upregulated in IP metastatic sublines and modulates ovarian cancer tumorsphere compaction.•AMIGO2 represents a novel anti-metastatic target in ovarian cancer.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The majority of women with epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa) are diagnosed with metastatic disease, resulting in a poor 5-year survival of 31%. Obesity is a recognized non-infectious pandemic that ...increases OvCa incidence, enhances metastatic success and reduces survival. We have previously demonstrated a link between obesity and OvCa metastatic success in a diet-induced obesity mouse model wherein a significantly enhanced tumor burden was associated with a decreased M1/M2 tumor-associated macrophage ratio (Liu Y et al. Can, Res. 2015; 75:5046-57).
The objective of this study was to use pre-clinical murine models of diet-induced obesity to evaluate the effect of a high fat diet (HFD) on response to standard of care chemotherapy and to assess obesity-associated changes in the tumor microenvironment. Archived tumor tissues from ovarian cancer patients of defined body mass index (BMI) were also evaluated using multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis of immune markers.
We observed a significantly diminished response to standard of care paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy in HFD mice relative to low fat diet (LFD) controls. A corresponding decrease in the M1/M2 macrophage ratio and enhanced tumor fibrosis were observed both in murine DIO studies and in human tumors from women with BMI > 30.
Our data suggest that the reported negative impact of obesity on OvCa patient survival may be due in part to the effect of the altered M1/M2 tumor-associated macrophage ratio and enhanced fibrosis on chemosensitivity. These data demonstrate a contribution of host obesity to ovarian tumor progression and therapeutic response and support future combination strategies targeting macrophage polarization and/or fibrosis in the obese host.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hematopoietic stem cells in myeloproliferative diseases mostly retain the potential to differentiate but are characterized by hyper-responsiveness to growth factors, as well as partial ...factor-independent growth. The V617F activating point mutation in Jak2 has recently been associated with myeloproliferative disorders. Using various cell line models, mechanisms that contribute to Jak2V617-mediated signaling were investigated. Treatment of the Jak2V617F mutant-expressing erythroid leukemia cell line HEL with a small molecule Jak2 inhibitor was associated with a dose-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest. This inhibition correlated with decreased expression of cyclin D2 and increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip. Inhibition of Jak2V617F with a Jak2-targeted small interfering RNA approach resulted in a similar phenotype. Mechanisms leading to altered p27Kip and cyclin D2 likely involve inhibition of STAT5, a major target of Jak2 in hematopoietic cells, because a constitutively active form of STAT5 reduced p27Kip and increased cyclin D2 expression. Jak2V617F and constitutively active STAT5 also induced high levels of reactive oxygen species, which are sufficient to promote G1/S phase transition. In contrast, treatment of HEL cells with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine decreased cell growth or expression of cyclin D2 and increased expression of p27Kip. Similar results were obtained in BaF3 cells transfected with Jak2V617F, but these cells required coexpression of the erythropoietin receptor for optimal signaling. These results suggest that regulation of cyclin D2 and p27Kip in combination with redox-dependent processes promotes G1/S phase transition downstream of Jak2V617F/STAT5 and therefore hint at potential novel targets for drug development that may aid traditional therapy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Pedestrian safety is a serious concern at busy intersections and pedestrian campuses across the nation. Although crosswalks and signs inform pedestrians where to cross, there is no standard protocol ...for pedestrians to signal drivers that they wish to use the crosswalks, except to stand in or at the crosswalk. We examined the effects of two pedestrian prompts, a raised hand and extended arm, on motorist yielding at uncontrolled crosswalks. The two prompts were effective at increasing yielding.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The V617F activating point mutation in Jak2 is associated with a proportion of myeloproliferative disorders. In normal hematopoietic cells, Jak2 signals only when associated with a growth factor ...receptor, such as the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR). We sought to identify the molecular requirements for activation of Jak2V617F by introducing a point mutation in the FERM domain (Y114A), required for receptor binding. Whereas BaF3.EpoR cells are readily transformed by Jak2V617F to Epo independence, we found that the addition of the FERM domain mutation blocked transformation and the induction of reactive oxygen species. Further, while cells expressing Jak2V617F had constitutive activation of STAT5, cells expressing Jak2V617F/Y114A did not, suggesting that signaling is defective at a very proximal level. In addition, expression of the Myc and Pim proto-oncogenes by Jak2V617F was found to be FERM domain dependent. An inducible constitutively active STAT5 mutant expressed in BaF3 cells was sufficient to induce Myc and Pim. Finally, the FERM domain in Jak2V617F was also required for abnormal hematopoiesis in transduced primary murine fetal liver cells. Overall, our results suggest that constitutive activation of Jak2 requires an intact FERM domain for a transforming phenotype, and is necessary for activation of the major target of Jak2, STAT5.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
9.
Performance Assessment of Organizations McGee, Heather M.; Crowley-Koch, Brian J.
Journal of organizational behavior management,
07/2021, Volume:
41, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
As Organizational Behavior Management was borne out of Applied Behavior Analysis, so too is its approach to assessing environmental variables before implementing solutions for behavior change. This ...article discusses several types of organizational assessments used by researchers and practitioners. Behavior Systems Analysis (BSA) and Performance Management (PM) are the two most common assessment and intervention approaches used in OBM. These two methods are compared and contrasted and the levels and analyses within BSA are discussed. Also included in this article are common organizational assessments that are used by consultants and human resources professionals that are not typically used by OBM practitioners (change readiness, culture/engagement, and pulse surveys). These traditional assessments are approached through a behavior analytic lens and ways in which OBM practitioners can use them to assess and influence behavior is provided. A sustainability (otherwise known as maintenance or generalization) assessment is also included that builds upon previous research (e.g.) and experience through private practice.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
OBJECTIVE: Women have higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than men. The authors examined prior trauma, PTSD, major depression, anxiety disorder not including PTSD, and peritraumatic ...dissociation; current peritraumatic dissociation; and passenger injury as possible explanations for the different rates of acute PTSD in women and men after a serious motor vehicle accident. METHOD: Subjects age 18-65 years who had been in a serious motor vehicle accident (N=122) were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R and the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire-Rater Version 1 month after the accident. RESULTS: Women did not differ from men in meeting the overall reexperiencing criterion for a diagnosis of PTSD (criterion B), but women were at greater risk for the specific reexperiencing symptoms of intense feelings of distress in situations similar to the motor vehicle accident and physical reactivity to memories of the motor vehicle accident. Women were 4.7 times more likely than men to meet the overall avoidance numbing criterion (criterion C) and 3.8 times more likely to meet the overall arousal criterion (criterion D). Women were more likely than men to report the criterion C symptoms of avoiding thoughts and situations associated with the accident, loss of interest in significant activities, and a sense of foreshortened future and the criterion D symptoms of trouble sleeping, difficulty concentrating, and exaggerated startle response. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the gender differences in acute PTSD were not associated with prior trauma, PTSD, peritraumatic dissociation, major depression, or anxiety disorder not including PTSD or with passenger injury. However, peritraumatic dissociative symptoms at the time of the accident were associated with a significantly higher risk for acute PTSD in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences in peritraumatic dissociation may help explain differences in risk for PTSD and for some PTSD symptoms in women and men.
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