Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm) and X. cassavae (Xc) are two bacterial pathogens attacking cassava. Cassava bacterial blight (CBB) is a systemic disease caused by Xpm, which might have ...dramatic effects on plant growth and crop production. Cassava bacterial necrosis is a nonvascular disease caused by Xc with foliar symptoms similar to CBB, but its impacts on the plant vigour and the crop are limited. In this review, we describe the epidemiology and ecology of the two pathogens, the impacts and management of the diseases, and the main research achievements for each pathosystem. Because Xc data are sparse, our main focus is on Xpm and CBB.
This pathogen profile describes the hallmarks of the Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis–cassava pathosystem and compiles the available data for the nonvascular cassava pathogen Xanthomonas cassavae.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Seasonal fluctuations in day length regulate important aspects of plant development such as the flowering transition or, in potato (Solanum tuberosum), the formation of tubers. Day length is sensed ...by the leaves, which produce a mobile signal transported to the shoot apex or underground stems to induce a flowering transition or, respectively, a tuberization transition. Work in Arabidopsis, tomato and rice (Oryza sativa) identified the mobile FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein as a main component of the long-range 'florigen', or flowering hormone, signal. Here we show that expression of the Hd3a gene, the FT orthologue in rice, induces strict short-day potato types to tuberize in long days. Tuber induction is graft transmissible and the Hd3a-GFP protein is detected in the stolons of grafted plants, transport of the fusion protein thus correlating with tuber formation. We provide evidence showing that the potato floral and tuberization transitions are controlled by two different FT-like paralogues (StSP3D and StSP6A) that respond to independent environmental cues, and show that an autorelay mechanism involving CONSTANS modulates expression of the tuberization-control StSP6A gene.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aflatoxins are highly toxic compounds produced as secondary metabolites by some Aspergillus species, whose occurrence have been reported predominantly in several types of foods of low moisture ...content, while aflatoxin biotransformation products have been reported mainly in milk and milk products. This review deals with the occurrence of aflatoxins in some of the major food products in the last 5 years including regulatory aspects, and recent advances in detoxification strategies for contaminated foods. Aflatoxin contamination in cereals including corn and peanut is still a public health problem for some populations, especially in African countries. Despite that most of physical and chemical methods for aflatoxin detoxification may affect the nutritional properties of food, or are not safe for human consumption, gamma-radiation and ozone applications have demonstrated great potential for detoxification of aflatoxins in some food matrices. Biological methods based on removal or degradation of aflatoxins by bacterial and yeast have good perspectives, although further studies are needed to clarify the detoxification mechanisms by microorganisms and determine practical aspects of the use of these methods in food products, especially their potential effects on sensory characteristics of foods.
Display omitted
•Aflatoxin occurrence and decontamination approaches are presented.•Gamma-radiation and ozone have great potential for detoxification of aflatoxins.•Microbial methods may help to degrade/decontaminate aflatoxins.•Potential application of methods for aflatoxin decontamination of food is discussed.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
This paper proposes two novel and compact low-power tunable AC amplifiers with ultra-low high-pass corner frequency. The circuits are based on alternative AC capacitively coupled feedback topologies ...using novel implementations leading to better performance in terms of area, power and noise efficiency. This is accomplished by a combination of actively boosting the resistive value of a pseudo-resistor (allowing more than two decades of tuning) and an optimization of the active devices required. Measurement results from a fabricated prototype using a 0.18<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu</tex-math> </inline-formula>m technology are provided to demonstrate the technique. The proposed amplifiers can provide tunable high-pass corner frequencies ranging from 31 mHz<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\vphantom{_{_{}}}</tex-math> </inline-formula> to 7 Hz, with power consumption as low as 0.425 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu</tex-math> </inline-formula>W, CMRR of 84 dB, 0.1 mm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{2}</tex-math> </inline-formula> area, 39.7 dB gain, and integrated IRN of 2.42 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu</tex-math> </inline-formula>V<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">_{\mathrm{rms}}</tex-math> </inline-formula>.
In this paper, a deep neural network based model for a set of small-scale magnetorheological dampers (MRD) is developed where relevant parameters that have a physical meaning are inputs to the model. ...An experimental platform and a 3D-printing rapid prototyping facility provided a set of different conditions including MRD filled with two different MR fluids, which were used to train a Deep Neural Network (DNN), which is the core of the proposed model. Testing results indicate the model could forecast the hysteretic response of magnetorheological dampers for different load conditions and various physical configurations.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Implementation of co-gasification in a reactor PKS-SubbA coal (10/90) mixture.•Co-gasification resolved some problems of flow pattern anomalies in biomass in LF.•Substitution efficiently of the ...traditional use of pulverized coal in tunnel kiln.•Production of syngas suitable for a brick baking process.•Innovative development and coupling of co-gasification to industrial process.
This paper presents the results of co-gasification of Sub-bituminous coal type A (SubbA coal) with palm kernel shell (PKS) in a fluidized bed gasifier to meet the energy requirements for baking 300tons/day of bricks in a tunnel kiln. Standardized operation of the co-gasification process of the SubbA coal – PKS 90/10wt.% mixture was confirmed for a 24h run. The reactor has the capacity to process up to 700kg/h of the mixture, using air and an air/steam as the gasifying agent at 800°C, with an equivalent ratio of air/fuel (ER) between 0.5 and 0.7 and a steam/fuel ratio of 0.2. The product syngas had a HHV of 5.0MJ/Nm3 that efficiently substitutes and the traditional use of pulverized coal by means of carbojets into the tunnel kiln without affecting the production process, while using a much cleaner gas to cook the bricks with lower emissions. This demonstrating the synergy existing in this coupling. Positive results of these experiments can enhance figure use of coal in a clean manner. This technology is mature enough to be implemented as a continuous energy supply to industrial processes that currently use traditional combustion for heat.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In vitro propagation protocols that include temporary immersion systems are available for the most economically important plant species. However, these have not been established yet for multiple ...species. Having protocols validated by the scientific community guarantees the success of the mass production of commercial propagules. Besides, adequate TIS parameters should be established for each plant species to improve the efficiency of micropropagation processes. This book compiles basic and applied aspects of temporal immersion systems used for in vitro plant micropropagation, along with several detailed protocols already established, which may be used as a guide by those interested in this technique, including laboratory technicians, scientists, and other professionals.
Temporary immersion systems (TIS) are technological tools that support plant micropropagation. Given their high efficiency in the in vitro propagation of shoots, a current goal is to update the ...protocols addressing micropropagation in semisolid culture systems to protocols involving TIS. To this end, different parameters have been evaluated, including TIS types and designs, immersion times, immersion frequencies, and volume of medium per explant, among other characteristics. This has resulted in the improved production of propagules of plants of economic interest and the production of physiologically upgraded plants with high percent survival during acclimatization. TIS are specialized culture flasks that provide countless advantages during the commercial micropropagation of plants.
Menopause is characterized by a reduction in sex hormones in women and is associated with metabolic changes, including fatty liver and insulin resistance. Lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet ...and physical exercise, are necessary to prevent these undesirable changes. Strength training (ST) has been widely used because of the muscle and metabolic benefits it provides. Our study aims to evaluate the effects of ST on hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in ovariectomized mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) divided into four groups as follows: simulated sedentary surgery (SHAM-SED), trained simulated surgery (SHAM-EXE), sedentary ovariectomy (OVX-SED), and trained ovariectomy (OVX-EXE). They were fed an HFD for 9 weeks. ST was performed thrice a week. ST efficiently reduced body weight and fat percentage and increased lean mass in OVX mice. Furthermore, ST reduced the accumulation of ectopic hepatic lipids, increased AMPK phosphorylation, and inhibited the de novo lipogenesis pathway. OVX-EXE mice also showed a better glycemic profile, associated with greater insulin sensitivity identified by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, and reduced markers of hepatic oxidative stress compared with sedentary animals. Our data support the idea that ST can be indicated as a non-pharmacological treatment approach to mitigate metabolic changes resulting from menopause.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this work, it is proposed the development a new monopole directional antenna, bioinspired in elliptical leaf, with cut by golden ratio, for 4G band application, by the use of the technique of the ...cut of the radiating element for the increasing of the antenna perimeter, being the first work to use this technique in a bioinspired antenna, promotes resonance frequency turned, and reconfiguring of the antenna parameters as bandwidth, radiation pattern and gain, with the use of the reflector near to the group plane, without the insertion of active devices as the pin diode or change in radiating element. The shape antenna is generated by Gielis formula, built in FR4 substrate, with cuts calculated by golden ratio. To compare the results of the bioinspired monopole on the elliptical sheet, a square-shaped monopole antenna was designed, simulated and measured, the structures were designed in the MATLAB software version 2015(b) and the simulations were performed in the Ansys software version 2016. In the results compared between the square monopole and the bioinspired antenna in the elliptical sheet, it can be seen that the measured bioinspired antenna, compared to the square monopole, presented a bandwidth reduction of 77.27%, a more compact structure, with a reduction of 98%, covering the wireless local area network, and long-time evolution 4G at 2.5 GHz. The proposed technique uses a reflector on the ground plane, to change the parameters of the monopole planar antenna, of omnidirectional radiation pattern to a directional, maintaining the characteristics of the broadband, half-power beamwidth great than 100°, with high current density, and similar gain of a directional antenna. From the results, it has been observed that the elliptical leaf monopole antenna shows broadband characteristics, with a half-power beamwidth of 128°, wideband, the bandwidth of 500 MHz, a gain of 6.28 dBi, a current density of 13.01 A/m
, and circular polarization.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
