On page 43 in Adv. in Math. 50 (1983), pp. 27-48 Sorin Popa asked whether the following property holds: If \omega is a free ultrafilter on \mathbb{N} and \mathcal {R}_1\subseteq \mathcal {R} is an ...irreducible inclusion of hyperfinite II _1 factors such that \mathcal {R}'\cap \mathcal {R}^\omega \subseteq \mathcal {R}^\omega _1 does it follows that \mathcal {R}_1=\mathcal {R}? In this short note we provide an affirmative answer to this question.
INTRODUCTIONThe presence of preoperative posterior capsular dehiscence in posterior polar cataracts (PPCs) increases the chances of intraoperative posterior capsular rent. Our study aims to ...demonstrate the efficacy of preoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) to predict intraoperative posterior capsular rupture (PCR) in PPC. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis was an observational study including patients within 25-75 years of age, having PPC, undergoing phacoemulsification. ASOCT was done for evaluating preoperative posterior capsular status and was graded as "intact" or "dehiscent, and eventually ,intraoperative-posterior capsular status was noted. STATISTICAL ANALYSISSPSS (version 27.0) was used, and P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTSASOCT of 44 eyes had 9 (20.5%) dehiscent posterior capsules and 35 (79.5%) intact. Out of these 9 eyes, 7 (77.8%) had intraoperative PCR and 2 (22.2%) did not. Out of these 35, 34 (97.1%) were actually intact intraoperatively and 1 (2.9%) had intraoperative PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of ASOCT for detecting dehiscence were 94.4% and 87.5%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 97.1 and 77.8, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the test was 95.45% with a Chi-square value of 27.01 (P < 0.0001). The diagnostic validity of ASOCT grading for detecting preoperative dehiscence was confirmed. The association between intraoperative PCR and preoperative dehiscence was statistically significant (Chi-square test - P < 0.0001). Our objective was established. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONThe demographics and clinical parameters were comparable with other studies. Two eyes with preoperative dehiscence on ASOCT had intact posterior capsule during surgery. The cause can be a dense opacity with increased optical density causing an obscured a clear capsule view on ASOCT, an artifact defect, giving a false impression of dehiscence. One eye who had nondehiscent PC on ASOCT was found to have PCR on the table, which can be due to an extremely thin PC or tightly adherent polar opacity to the capsule. According to our study, the diagnostic accuracy of ASOCT for detecting preoperative dehiscence was 94.4% (sensitivity)and of nondehiscence was 87.5%(specificity). 97.1% of eyes with dehiscence on ASOCT, had actual posterior capsular rent (positive predictive value). To conclude, ASOCT can be used as a reliable diagnostic modality.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Chemically active particles achieve motility without external forces and torques (“self-propulsion”) due to catalytic chemical reactions at their surfaces, which change the chemical composition of ...the surrounding solution (called “chemical field”) and induce hydrodynamic flow of the solution. By coupling the distortions of these fields back to its motion, a chemically active particle experiences an effective interaction with confining surfaces. This coupling can lead to a rich behavior, such as the occurrence of wall-bound steady states of “sliding”. Most active particles are density mismatched with the solution and, thus, tend to sediment. Moreover, the often employed Janus spheres, which consist of an inert core material decorated with a cap-like, thin layer of a catalyst, are gyrotactic (i.e., “bottom-heavy”). Whether or not they may exhibit sliding states at horizontal walls depends on the interplay between the active motion and the gravity-driven sedimentation and alignment, such as the gyrotactic tendency to align the axis along the gravity direction being overcome by a competing, activity-driven alignment with a different orientation. It is therefore important to understand and quantify the influence of these gravity-induced effects on the behavior of model chemically active particles moving in the vicinity of walls. For model gyrotactic, self-phoretic Janus particles, here we study theoretically the occurrence of sliding states at horizontal planar walls that are either below (“floor”) or above (“ceiling”) the particle. We construct “state diagrams” characterizing the occurrence of such states as a function of the sedimentation velocity and of the gyrotactic response of the particle, as well as of the phoretic mobility of the particle. We show that in certain cases sliding states may emerge simultaneously at both the ceiling and the floor, while the larger part of the experimentally relevant parameter space corresponds to particles that would exhibit sliding states only either at the floor or at the ceilingor there are no sliding states at all. These predictions are critically compared with the results of previous experimental studies, as well as with our dedicated experiments carried out with Pt-coated, polystyrene-core, or silica-core Janus spheres immersed in aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Chromatin remodelers are ATP-dependent enzymes that reorganize nucleosomes within all eukaryotic genomes. Here we report a complex of the Chd1 remodeler bound to a nucleosome in a nucleotide-free ...state, determined by cryo-EM to 2.3 Å resolution. The remodeler stimulates the nucleosome to absorb an additional nucleotide on each strand at two different locations: on the tracking strand within the ATPase binding site and on the guide strand one helical turn from the ATPase motor. Remarkably, the additional nucleotide on the tracking strand is associated with a local transformation toward an A-form geometry, explaining how sequential ratcheting of each DNA strand occurs. The structure also reveals a histone-binding motif, ChEx, which can block opposing remodelers on the nucleosome and may allow Chd1 to participate in histone reorganization during transcription.
High energy density and safety are key issues of Li metal battery (LMB). A thin Li anode coupling with high voltage/high capacity cathode (NCM811) can increase the energy density of Lithium ...batteries. We have developed a fire retardant disiloxane based highly concentrated electrolyte which makes a coordinated Li+-FSI−-Solvent cluster to produce stable interphase on electrodes. This electrolyte shows reduced reactivity towards Li metal anode. The oxidation stability of electrolyte is high (5 V) and also shows less Al corrosion. The synergistic effect of additive makes inorganic ‘LiF’-rich dendrite free interphase. SEM analysis confirms dendrite free surface morphology. A Li metal full cell is fabricated with thin Li anode (20 μm, 4.12 mAh/cm2) and NCM811 cathode with moderate active material loading (1.1 mAh/cm2), providing a high energy density of 614 Wh kg−1 (based on total weight of anode and cathode excluding current collectors).
A safe high energy density battery (614 Wh kg−1) is produced with highly concentrated (3.5 M LiFSI/TmdSx-CN) electrolyte with addition of inorganic (LiDFOB) and organic additive (FEC). A salt derived ‘LiF rich’ stable dendrite free SEI and CEI layer is observed. Display omitted
•Highly concentrated disiloxane based non-flammable electrolyte is prepared with addition of inorganic and organic additive.•The oxidation stability of electrolyte is high (5 V) and also shows less Al corrosion.•A high energy density battery (614 Wh kg−1) is confirmed using NCM811/Li(20 μm)•A salt derived ‘LiF rich’ stable dendrite free SEI and CEI layer on LMA and NCM respectively observed.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We introduce a new notion of an angle between intermediate subfactors and prove various interesting properties of the angle and relate it to the Jones index. We prove a uniform 60 to 90 degree bound ...for the angle between minimal intermediate subfactors of a finite index irreducible subfactor. From this rigidity we can bound the number of minimal (or maximal) intermediate subfactors by the kissing number in geometry. As a consequence, the number of intermediate subfactors of an irreducible subfactor has at most exponential growth with respect to the Jones index. This answers a question of Longo's published in 2003.
We study the effectiveness of the numerical bootstrap techniques recently developed in 1 for quantum mechanical systems. We find that for a double well potential the bootstrap method correctly ...captures non-perturbative aspects. Using this technique we then investigate quantum mechanical potentials related by supersymmetry and recover the expected spectra. Finally, we also study the singlet sector of O(N) vector model quantum mechanics, where we find that the bootstrap method yields results which in the large N agree with saddle point analysis.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Bi1-xSnxCuSeO (x=0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) samples were prepared by two step solid state synthesis. The pristine sample showed a maximum thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) of 1.09 at 773K was due ...to its the moderate Seebeck coefficient with low thermal conductivity in comparison to the doped samples. The presence of SnO2 as a secondary phases in the doped samples lead an adverse effect on thermoelectric figure of merit.
Display omitted
•Phase purity and thermoelectric properties of Sn doped BiCuSeO are studied.•XPS study reveals that Sn exhibit +4 oxidation state.•Non-stoichiometry of BiCuSeO has shown favourable thermoelectric properties.•Parent sample BiCuSeO showed a maximum zT of 1.09 at 773K..
BiCuSeO and Bi1-xSnxCuSeO (x=0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) were prepared by a two-step solid state synthesis. The phase purity and the crystal structure were investigated by the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and confirmed by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The volatilization of Bi and Bi2O3 lead to off-stoichiometry of the main phase and the formation of CuSe2 secondary phase in the undoped sample. SnO2 secondary phases were found in the doped samples. Both the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical resistivity, measured from the room temperature to 773K linearly increases with the temperature, which indicates that the sample have metallic like behavior. The origin of such a behavior is due to high hole concentration originating from the Bi and the O vacancies. The Sn +4 valence state was confirmed from the X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and from the reduction of lattice parameter ‘a’ with doping. The substitution of Sn+4 in the place of Bi+3 leads to the higher Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity in the doped samples. Highest power-factor (∼1mW/m-K2 at 773K), was obtained for the undoped sample and the 4% Sn doped sample (Bi0.96Sn0.04CuSeO). The lowest thermal conductivity was obtained for the undoped sample, from the room temperature to 773K. The presence of thermally-conducting SnO2 secondary phases in the doped samples increases the thermal conductivity in comparison with the undoped sample. The zTs of the doped samples were lower compared to the undoped sample, owing to their higher thermal conductivity. The oxygen vacancies as well as the all-length scale phonon scattering, lowers the thermal conductivity of the undoped sample and, as a result, a maximum zT of 1.09 was achieved at 773K.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Shigellosis is a severe gastrointestinal disease that annually affects approximately 270 million individuals globally. It has particularly high morbidity and mortality in low-income regions; however, ...it is not confined to these regions and occurs in high-income nations when conditions allow. The ill effects of shigellosis are at their highest in children ages 2 to 5, with survivors often exhibiting impaired growth due to infection-induced malnutrition. The escalating threat of antibiotic resistance further amplifies shigellosis as a serious public health concern. This review explores
pathology, with a primary focus on the status of
vaccine candidates. These candidates include killed whole-cells, live attenuated organisms, LPS-based, and subunit vaccines. The strengths and weaknesses of each vaccination strategy are considered. The discussion includes potential
immunogens, such as LPS, conserved T3SS proteins, outer membrane proteins, diverse animal models used in
vaccine research, and innovative vaccine development approaches. Additionally, this review addresses ongoing challenges that necessitate action toward advancing effective
prevention and control measures.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The present study deals with the effect of surfactants on the cross-stream migration of droplets in a confined fluidic environment, both experimentally and theoretically. Presence of an imposed flow ...induces droplet deformation and disturbs the equilibrium that results in subsequent surfactant redistribution along the interface. This further creates a gradient in surface tension, thus generating a Marangoni stress that significantly alters the droplet dynamics. On subsequent experimental investigation, it is found that presence of surfactants reduces the cross-stream migration velocity of the droplet. High-speed photography is utilized to visualize the transport of droplets in a microfluidic channel. It is shown that the channel confinement significantly enhances the surfactant-induced retardation of the droplet. In addition, a larger surfactant concentration is found to induce a greater reduction in cross-stream migration velocity of the droplet, the effect of which is reduced when the initial transverse position of the droplet is shifted closer to the channel centerline. To support our experimental results, an asymptotic approach is adopted to solve the flow field in the presence of bulk-insoluble surfactants and under the assumption of small shape deformation. A good match between our theoretical prediction and the experimental results is obtained. The present analysis provides us with a wide scope of application towards various droplet-based microfluidic as well as medical diagnostic devices where manipulation of droplet trajectory is a major issue.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
PDF
