Dendrobium is known for its pharmacological actions including anti-cancer effect, anti-fatigue effect, gastric ulcer protective effect, and so on. At present, only studies on endophytic fungi of ...Dendrobium affecting the metabolites of host plants have been reported, very little research has been done on endophytic bacteria. In this study, we have demonstrated the great diversity of endophytic bacteria in 6 Dendrobium samples from different origins and cultivars. According to the results of the culture-independent method, the endophytic bacterial community in Dendrobium stems showed obvious different in the 6 samples and was influenced by origin and cultivar. Some bacteria including Ralstonia, Comamonas and Lelliottia were first detected in Dendrobium in this study. Based on the culture-dependent method, a total of 165 cultivable endophytic bacteria isolates were isolated from the sterilized Dendrobium stems, and were classified into 43 species according to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Moreover, 14 of the 43 strains showed antimicrobial activity against phytopathogen using the Kirby-Bauer method. Strain NA-HTong-7 (Bacillus megaterium, 99.12%) showed the highest antimicrobial activity. This study was the first comprehensive study on endophytic bacteria of Dendrobium from different origins and cultivars, which provides new insights into the endophytic bacteria from Dendrobium.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Moisture and temperature interactively affected SOM mineralization.•Temperature effect on SOM priming depended on soil C content and moisture.•Straw addition decreased temperature sensitivity (Q10) ...of native SOM mineralization.•Q10 values of SOM mineralization and primed CO2 decreased with lower soil moisture.
Incorporating straw into soils is an effective and cost-efficient method for sequestering organic carbon (C) and enhancing soil quality. However, the interactive effects of soil moisture and temperature on soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization have remained unclear in the presence of plant residues. We assessed the impacts of 13C-labeled maize (Zea mays) straw on SOM mineralization in two soils with contrasting soil C content (3.0 % and 6.8 %) under two moisture levels (45 % or 65 % water holding capacity (WHC)) and two temperatures (12 °C or 22 °C) through an experimental incubation. In the absence of straw addition, CO2 production at 22 °C was 2–3 times more than at 12 °C, and was 31–40 % higher at 65 % WHC than at 45 % WHC in both soils. Soil temperature and moisture interactively affected straw decomposition. After a 66-day incubation, approximately 7–11 % of straw was decomposed to CO2, contributing 44–67 % to the total CO2 production. Straw addition increased SOM mineralization across all temperature and moisture levels, resulting in a positive priming effect (PE). The highest PE was observed at 45 % WHC and 22℃ in both soils. The temperature sensitivity (Q10 value) of native SOM mineralization decreased with straw addition due to higher quality SOM (i.e., higher the basal microbial respiration rate per unit organic C at 0 °C and DOC/SOC) compared with control (no straw addition). The Q10 values of SOM and straw decomposition was higher at 65 % WHC compared to 45 % WHC, indicating that drought conditions have potential to dampen effects of temperature on the decomposition. We also discovered a positive correlation between Q10 and activation energy and a negative correlation with soil C quality, providing support for the C quality temperature hypothesis. In summary, our findings contribute to advancing our understanding of how soil C dynamics respond to exogenous C inputs under environment change.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Dopamine D1 receptor (D1DR) and D2 receptor (D2DR) are closely associated with pain modulation, but their exact effects on neuropathic pain and the underlying mechanisms remain to be identified. Our ...research revealed that intrathecal administration of D1DR and D2DR antagonists inhibited D1-D2DR complex formation and ameliorated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats. The D1-D2DR complex was formed in the rat spinal cord, and the antinociceptive effects of D1DR and D2DR antagonists could be reversed by D1DR, D2DR, and D1-D2DR agonists. Gαq, PLC, and IP3 inhibitors also alleviated CCI-induced neuropathic pain. D1DR, D2DR, and D1-D2DR complex agonists all increased the intracellular calcium concentration in primary cultured spinal neurons, and this increase could be reversed by D1DR, D2DR antagonists and Gαq, IP3, PLC inhibitors. D1DR and D2DR antagonists significantly reduced the expression of p-PKC γ, p-CaMKII, p-CREB, and p-MAPKs. Levo-corydalmine (l-CDL), a monomeric compound in Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang, was found to obviously suppress the formation of the spinal D1-D2DR complex to alleviate neuropathic pain in CCI rats and to decrease the intracellular calcium concentration in spinal neurons. l-CDL-induced inhibition of p-PKC γ, p-MAPKs, p-CREB, and p-CaMKII was also reversed by D1DR, D2DR, and D1-D2DR complex agonists. In conclusion, these results indicate that D1DR and D2DR form a complex and in turn couple with the Gαq protein to increase neuronal excitability via PKC γ, CaMKII, MAPK, and CREB signaling in the spinal cords of CCI rats; thus, they may serve as potential drug targets for neuropathic pain therapy.
Elevated liver enzyme levels are observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, these features have not been characterized.
Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang ...Province, China, from January 17 to February 12, 2020, were enrolled. Liver enzyme level elevation was defined as alanine aminotransferase level >35 U/L for men and 25 U/L for women at admission. Patients with normal alanine aminotransferase levels were included in the control group. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and patients symptomatic with SARS-CoV-2 infection were defined as patients with COVID-19. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were collected and compared.
Of 788 patients with COVID-19, 222 (28.2%) patients had elevated liver enzyme levels (median interquartile range {IQR} age, 47.0 35.0-55.0 years; 40.5% women). Being male, overweight, and smoking increased the risk of liver enzyme level elevation. The liver enzyme level elevation group had lesser pharyngalgia and more diarrhea than the control group. The median time from illness onset to admission was 3 days for liver enzyme level elevation groups (IQR, 2-6), whereas the median hospitalization time for 86 (38.7%) discharged patients was 13 days (IQR, 11-16). No differences in disease severity and clinical outcomes were noted between the groups.
We found that 28.2% of patients with COVID-19 presented with elevated liver enzyme levels on admission, which could partially be related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Male patients had a higher risk of liver enzyme level elevation. With early medical intervention, liver enzyme level elevation did not worsen the outcomes of patients with COVID-19.
In arable soils, the topsoil and subsoil are commonly mixed in the operation of deep tillage. It is not yet clear whether the influence of crop straw on soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization of ...the mixed soil (from the topsoil and subsoil) is different from that of solely the topsoil or subsoil. We conducted a 120‐d incubation experiment with the addition of 13C‐labeled maize (Zea mays L.) straw to study SOM mineralization and straw decomposition in the topsoil (0–15 cm), subsoil (15–30 cm), and their mixture (0–30 cm). Straw addition promoted SOM mineralization and thus induced a positive priming effect. The mineralization of SOM in topsoil with straw addition was 122% higher than in subsoil, and 45% higher than in mixed soil. After the 120‐d incubation, 12–16% of straw C was mineralized as CO2, contributing approximately 50–70% to the total CO2 production. Furthermore, straw C was also incorporated into SOM fractions, with 34, 7, and 59% in the light fraction, particulate organic C (coarse and fine), and mineral‐associated organic C (MAOC) in topsoil, respectively. The SOM mineralization and priming were greater in the topsoil with higher dissolved organic C and NO3–N throughout the incubation. Despite more straw C retained in MAOC in topsoil, the significant decrease in total MAOC with straw addition indicated that SOM turnover induced by fresh C application was probably faster in topsoil than the subsoil and mixed soil. Our findings indicated that both subsoil and mixed soil tended to sequester C with straw addition, whereas topsoil C turnover was faster than subsoil in the presence of straw addition.
Core Ideas
SOM mineralization of mixed soil from topsoil and subsoil was quantified.
Residue C retained in SOC fractions was also determined.
Mixed topsoil and subsoil resulted in an additive effect on the SOM priming.
Higher SOC priming and turnover was observed in the topsoil than subsoil.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Five acylpyrazolinone lanthanide complexes Ln(pmbp)3(dmobipy) were synthesized and structurally characterized.•The reciprocal H…H/C/N/O contacts dominate over 92% of total Hirshfeld surface.•1-Eu, ...3-Ho and 4-Er exhibit the characteristic sharp peaks of their corresponding Ln3+ ions in the solid-state luminescence studies.•A low level of cytotoxicity against Hela cells was observed.
Five novel lanthanide complexes with the general formula Ln(pmbp)3(dmobipy) (Ln = Eu (1-Eu), Tb (2-Tb), Ho (3-Ho), Er (4-Er) and Tm (5-Tm), Hpmbp = 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolinone, dmobipy = 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine) were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structures of the five complexes are identical and they crystallize in the trigonal crystal system P-1 space group. Results from SHAPE software's Continuous shape measurements (CShM) indicate that the local symmetry of the central ion is close to D2d. The Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that the five complexes have a similar contribution of different contacts to the Hirshfeld surfaces, with reciprocal H…H/C/N/O contacts dominating over 92% of the total Hirshfeld surface. Solid-state luminescence studies indicate that 1-Eu, 3-Ho and 4-Er exhibit characteristic sharp peaks of their corresponding Ln3+ ions, whereas the broad bands observed in 2-Tb and 5-Tm are attributed to the PMBP− ligand. In addition, the five complexes demonstrate a low level of cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, laying the groundwork for successive fluorescence imaging experiments.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A series of (
)-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1
)-carboxamide derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and-B, acetylcholine esterase ...(AChE), and butyrylcholine esterase (BChE). Four compounds (
,
,
, and
) showed good inhibitory activity against both MAO-A and MAO-B, and two compounds (
and
) showed selective inhibitory activity against MAO-A, with IC
values of 1.38 and 2.48 µM, respectively. None of the compounds showed inhibitory activity against AChE; however, 12 compounds showed inhibitory activity against BChE. None of the active compounds showed cytotoxicity against L929cells. Molecular docking revealed several important interactions between the active analogs and amino acid residues of the protein receptors. This research paves the way for further study aimed at designing MAO and ChE inhibitors for the treatment of depression and neurodegenerative disorders.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Continuous remodeling of the heart can result in adverse events such as reduced myocardial function and heart failure. Available evidence indicates that ferroptosis is a key process in the emergence ...of cardiac disease. P2 family purinergic receptor P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) activation plays a crucial role in numerous aspects of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to elucidate any potential interactions between P2X7R and ferroptosis in cardiac remodeling stimulated by angiotensin II (Ang II), and P2X7R knockout mice were utilized to explore the role of P2X7R and elucidate its underlying mechanism through molecular biological methods. Ferroptosis is involved in cardiac remodeling, and P2X7R deficiency significantly alleviates cardiac dysfunction, remodeling, and ferroptosis induced by Ang II. Mechanistically, Ang II interacts with P2X7R directly, and LYS-66 and MET-212 in the in the ATP binding pocket form a binding complex with Ang II. P2X7R blockade influences HuR-targeted GPX4 and HO-1 mRNA stability by affecting the shuttling of HuR from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and its expression. These results suggest that focusing on P2X7R could be a possible therapeutic approach for the management of hypertensive heart failure.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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Previous studies have suggested that miR-324-3p is related to the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, but the mechanism underlying this relationship is unclear. In this study, we found ...that miR-324-3p expression was decreased in patients with acute ischemic stroke and in in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic stroke. miR-324-3p agomir potentiated ischemic brain damage in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, as indicated by increased infarct volumes and cell apoptosis rates and greater neurological deficits. In a PC12 cell oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model, a miR-324-3p mimic decreased cell viability and expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2 and increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX and rates of cell apoptosis, whereas treatment with a miR-324-3p inhibitor had the opposite effects. Silencing miR-324-3p increased adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) expression through regulation of GATA binding protein 2 (GATA2). These findings suggest that silencing miR-324-3p reduces ischemic brain damage via the GATA2/A1R axis.
Summary
Brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), a highly destructive insect pest, poses a serious threat to rice (Oryza sativa) production worldwide. Jasmonates are key phytohormones that ...regulate plant defences against BPH; however, the molecular link between jasmonates and BPH responses in rice remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered a Poaceae‐specific metabolite, mixed‐linkage β‐1,3;1,4‐d‐glucan (MLG), which contributes to jasmonate‐mediated BPH resistance. MLG levels in rice significantly increased upon BPH attack. Overexpressing OsCslF6, which encodes a glucan synthase that catalyses MLG biosynthesis, significantly enhanced BPH resistance and cell wall thickness in vascular bundles, whereas knockout of OsCslF6 reduced BPH resistance and vascular wall thickness. OsMYC2, a master transcription factor of jasmonate signalling, directly controlled the upregulation of OsCslF6 in response to BPH feeding. The AT‐rich domain of the OsCslF6 promoter varies in rice varieties from different locations and natural variants in this domain were associated with BPH resistance. MLG‐derived oligosaccharides bound to the plasma membrane‐anchored LECTIN RECEPTOR KINASE1 OsLecRK1 and modulated its activity. Thus, our findings suggest that the OsMYC2‐OsCslF6 module regulates pest resistance by modulating MLG production to enhance vascular wall thickness and OsLecRK1‐mediated defence signalling during rice‐BPH interactions.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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