L'articolo presenta alcuni testi di Massimo Bontempelli finora relativamente poco esplorati dalla critica bontempelliana o perfino sconosciuti, provenienti dall'ambito del giornalismo e da ...collaborazioni editoriali. L’analisi della prefazione alle Prose di fede e di vita del primo tempo dell’umanesimo, scritta da Bontempelli nel 1913, mostra (anche al confronto con altri articoli bontempelliani sia del periodo degli esordi, sia dei primi anni Venti) che numerose tesi della tendenza culturale e letteraria del ‘novecentismo’ teorizzata tra il 1926 e il 1927, erano presenti già nelle prime collaborazioni editoriali di questo intellettuale. Fra queste tesi: il ruolo di una lingua trasparente, l’importanza dell’immaginazione, la necessità di prestare attenzione al pubblico e di liberarsi da una troppo stretta adesione al canone, per nominarne alcune.
Nella prefazione all’edizione italiana del Rosso e il nero di Stendhal (1913), Massimo Bontempelli (1878-1960), il traduttore del romanzo, presenta alcune sue opinioni relative al necessario ...rinnovamento culturale e letterario che costituirà poi il suo Novecentismo, difeso nella rivista letteraria “900” (1926-1927). Il presente articolo esplora come Bontempelli, attraverso le osservazioni sulla vita di Stendhal e la tragica esperienza di Julien Sorel, traccia un parallelo implicito con il proprio momento storico, considerando il ruolo dello spirito rivoluzionario delle avanguardie in tale rinnovamento. Tuttavia, implica anche che ciò debba essere controbilanciato dall’idea classica di arte e letteratura, dove la tradizione è vista come un’intima e profonda continuità tra manifestazioni di inaspettata novità. Anche se Bontempelli simpatizzerà in seguito con il Futurismo italiano, è proprio tale equilibrio che rende la sua proposta culturale e letteraria per la “Terza Epoca”, il Novecentismo, unica nel panorama letterario italiano. Questo saggio considera i suoi scritti del 1913 nel contesto della società di massa emergente, e quindi gli aggiustamenti editoriali e linguistici che furono necessari per l’edizione, e li paragona contemporaneamente alle riflessioni bontempelliane fatte sul tema negli anni a seguire.
Predlog Massima Bontempellija za kulturni preporod sodobne italijanske družbe, novecentismo, ki ga je teoretiziral sredi dvajsetih let 20. stoletja, pa tudi njegovi romani in drame, so bili doslej ...predmet številnih študij. Njegova novinarska dejavnost in vloga kritika pa sta bili sorazmerno neraziskani. V članku se osredotočam na enega od njegovih številnih prezrtih časopisnih člankov, napisanih leta 1910 za firenški Il Marzocco. Njegov naslov, In difesa dei pedanti: per un libro di F. D’Ovidio, je morda presenečenje, saj je Bontempelli vse življenje nasprotoval vsakršnemu pedantnemu pristopu k pisanju literature in zato zagovarjal intuicijo kot vir navdiha. Bontempelli navaja Ariosta, Petrarko in D’Ovidia ter filozofe, kot sta Vossler in Schopenhauer, ter tako poda prepričljive argumente o tem, kako postati uveljavljen pisatelj s pomočjo proučevanja literature in njenih jezikovnih prvin. Kot je to storil v enem od svojih prejšnjih člankov iz leta 1908, v katerem je pisanje mladih pisateljev in novinarjev zasmehovalno označil kar za ‘izbljuvke’, tudi leta 1910 kritizira delo vsakogar, ki se te prakse ne poslužuje. Zanimivo je, da je Bontempelli šele leta 1926 spoznal, da prihodnost literarnega pisanja ni v izoliranem študiju in pisanju literarnih tekstov, temveč v novinarstvu oziroma v pisanju za množičnega bralca. Zlasti pisanje črne kronike je po njegovem mnenju služilo kot odličen poligon, na katerem se lahko v jeziku urijo bodoči pisatelji.
Predlog Massima Bontempellija za kulturni preporod sodobne italijanske družbe, novecentismo, ki ga je teoretiziral sredi dvajsetih let 20. stoletja, pa tudi njegovi romani in drame, so bili doslej ...predmet številnih študij. Njegova novinarska dejavnost in vloga kritika pa sta bili sorazmerno neraziskani. V članku se osredotočam na enega od njegovih številnih prezrtih časopisnih člankov, napisanih leta 1910 za firenški Il Marzocco. Njegov naslov, In difesa dei pedanti: per un libro di F. D’Ovidio, je morda presenečenje, saj je Bontempelli vse življenje nasprotoval vsakršnemu pedantnemu pristopu k pisanju literature in zato zagovarjal intuicijo kot vir navdiha. Bontempelli navaja Ariosta, Petrarko in D’Ovidia ter filozofe, kot sta Vossler in Schopenhauer, ter tako poda prepričljive argumente o tem, kako postati uveljavljen pisatelj s pomočjo proučevanja literature in njenih jezikovnih prvin. Kot je to storil v enem od svojih prejšnjih člankov iz leta 1908, v katerem je pisanje mladih pisateljev in novinarjev zasmehovalno označil kar za ‘izbljuvke’, tudi leta 1910 kritizira delo vsakogar, ki se te prakse ne poslužuje. Zanimivo je, da je Bontempelli šele leta 1926 spoznal, da prihodnost literarnega pisanja ni v izoliranem študiju in pisanju literarnih tekstov, temveč v novinarstvu oziroma v pisanju za množičnega bralca. Zlasti pisanje črne kronike je po njegovem mnenju služilo kot odličen poligon, na katerem se lahko v jeziku urijo bodoči pisatelji.
The article presents selected newspaper articles and a preface written by Massimo Bontempelli which have been relatively unexplored and unacknowledged by the literary criticism. The comparative ...analysis of the preface from 1913 and selected articles from his early period and the early 1920s, shows that numerous core ideas pertaining to his cultural and literary project ‘novecentismo’, which was officially launched as a theoretical proposal between 1926-1927, were already present in his early editorial collaborations as well as the articles: the role of linguistic transparency, the importance of imagination, Bontempelli’s anti-canonical attitude and the role he assigns to the reader, to name a few.
Nella prefazione all'edizione italiana del Rosso e il nero di Stendhal (1913), Massimo Bon tempelli (1878-1960), il traduttore del romanzo, presenta alcune sue opinioni relative a necessario ...rinnovamento culturale e letterario che costituirà poi il suo Novecentismo, di feso nella rivista letteraria "900" (1926-1927). Il presente articolo esplora come Bontem pelli, attraverso le osservazioni sulla vita di Stendhal e la tragica esperienza di Julien Sore traccia un parallelo implicito con il proprio momento storico, considerando il ruolo dell spirito rivoluzionario delle avanguardie in tale rinnovamento. Tuttavia, implica anche ch ciò debba essere controbilanciato dall'idea classica di arte e letteratura, dove la tradizion è vista come un'intima e profonda continuità tra manifestazioni di inaspettata novità Anche se Bontempelli simpatizzerà in seguito con il Futurismo italiano, è proprio tal equilibrio che rende la sua proposta culturale e letteraria per la "Terza Epoca", il Nove centismo, unica nel panorama letterario italiano. Questo saggio considera i suoi scritti de 1913 nel contesto della società di massa emergente, e quindi gli aggiustamenti editorial e linguistici che furono necessari per l'edizione, e li paragona contemporaneamente all riflessioni bontempelliane fatte sul tema negli anni a seguire. Parole chiave: prefazione, novecentismo, avanguardie, Stendhal, pubblico di massa V predgovoru k italijanski izdaji Stendhalovega Rdece in crno (1913) Massimo Bontempelli (1878-1960), prevajalec romana, predstavi svoja opazanja o nujni kulturni in literarni prenovi, na katerih je kasneje temeljil njegov novecentismo, ki je bil prvic uradno predstavljen v literarni reviji "900" (1926-1927). V clanku raziskujem, kako Bontempelli z opazovanji o Stendhalovem zivljenju in tragicni izkusnji Juliena Sorela zarise implicitno vzporednico z lastnim zgodovinskim trenutkom ter v svoje razmisljanje vplete kljucno komponento--vlogo revolucionarnega duha avantgard v tej prenovi. Kot nujno pa med drugim navaja tudi klasicno idejo o umetnosti in literaturi, pri cemer je zanj literarna tradicija intimna in globoka kontinuiteta manifestacij nepricakovanih novosti. Ceprav je Bontempelli kasneje simpatiziral z italijanskim futurizmom, je ravno ravnovesje med obema komponentama tisto, zaradi cesar njegova kulturno-literarna pobuda za>>tretje obdobje<<, novecentismo, velja za edinstveno v italijanski literarni panorami. Predgovor iz leta 1913 v clanku obravnavam v kontekstu nastajajoce mnozicnega bralstva, s tem pa tudi uredniske in jezikovne prilagoditve, ki so bile potrebne za izdajo. Prav tako njegovo razmisljanje primerjam z zapisi na temo literarne prenove, ki jih je ustvaril mnogo kasneje. Kljucne besede: predgovor, novecentizem, avantgarde, Stendhal, mnozicno obcinstvo
•Procedures, standards and attributes used to control seedling quality vary greatly across Europe.•All countries monitor the origin of FRM as a potential genetic quality indicator.•Morphological ...attribute standards differ among countries.•The use of physiological attributes is very limited to a few countries of northern Europe.•European countries in general do not apply the “target plant concept“, except for the origin of FRM.•This indicates the need to review seedling quality attributes and standards based on scientific knowledge and the need to harmonize some of them between EU countries.
The relationship between the quality of forest seedlings and their outplanting survival and growth has long been recognized. Various attributes have been proposed to measure the quality of planted seedlings in forest regeneration projects, ranging from simple morphological traits to more complex physiological and performance attributes, or a combination thereof. However, the utility and meaning of seedling quality attributes can differ significantly among regions, nursery practices, site planting conditions, species and the establishment purpose. Here, forest scientists compiled information using a common agreed questionnaire to provide a review of current practices, experiences, legislation and standards for seedling quality across 23 European countries.
Large differences exist in measuring seedling quality across countries. The control of the origin of seed and vegetative material (genetic component of plant quality), and control of pests and diseases are common practices in all countries. Morphological attributes are widely used and mandatory in most cases. However, physiological attributes are hardly used at the operative level and mainly concentrated to Fennoscandia. Quality control legislation and seedling quality standards are less strict in northern European countries where seedling production is high, and quality control relies more on the agreements between producers and local plant material users. In contrast, quality standards are stricter in Southern Europe, especially in the Mediterranean countries.
The control of seedling quality based on plantation and reforestation success is uncommon and depends on the conditions of the planting site, the traditional practices and the financial support provided by each country. Overall, European countries do not apply the “target seedling concept” for seedling production except for seed origin. Seedling production in many countries is still driven by traditional “know-how” and much less by scientific knowledge progress, which is not adequately disseminated and transferred to the end-users.
Our review highlights the need for greater harmonization of seedling quality practices across Europe and the increased dissemination of scientific knowledge to improve seedling quality in forest regeneration activities.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background
Despite widely reported success associated with hip and knee replacements, some patients remain dissatisfied with their outcomes. Patient activation, an individual’s propensity to engage ...in adaptive health behaviors, has been measured as a potentially important factor contributing to health outcomes, cost, and patient experience of care. However, to our knowledge, it has not been studied in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasties (TJAs).
Questions/purposes
We wanted to determine whether patients with higher activation scores would experience (1) greater resolution of pain and improved activity, (2) greater improvements in postoperative physical and mental health, and (3) greater patient satisfaction after primary THA or TKA.
Methods
We approached 174 patients and enrolled 135 who were undergoing primary THA or TKA at one of two hospitals between January 2013 and May 2014. Patient Activation Measure (PAM) scores were obtained preoperatively and patient-reported outcomes were assessed and completed for 125 patients pre- and postoperatively at the 6- or 12-month visit. We assessed pain and activity with the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scores. We measured physical and mental health by calculating SF12v2
®
scores and measured patient satisfaction with the Hip and Knee Satisfaction Scale (HKSS). Linear regression models were used to test the association between baseline PAM and postoperative patient-reported outcomes.
Results
Overall, patients with a higher baseline PAM score experienced better pain relief using the HOOS/KOOS pain scores (R
2
= 0.311, p = 0.048) and symptoms using the HOOS/KOOS symptom scores (R
2
= 0.272, p = 0.021). In addition, higher PAM scores were associated with better postoperative mental health using the SF12v2
®
(R
2
= 0.057, p < 0.001), but were not associated with higher physical health (R
2
= 0.176, p = 0.173). Finally, higher PAM scores were associated with having greater postoperative satisfaction after surgery using the HKSS questionnaire (R
2
= 0.048, p = 0.023).
Conclusions
Higher preoperative patient activation was associated with better pain relief, decreased symptoms, improved mental health, and greater satisfaction after TJA. Future efforts should be aimed at studying if improving patient activation before surgery results in better patient-reported outcomes after elective THA or TKA.
Level of Evidence
Level II, prognostic study.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The study was aimed at developing models for predicting the biodegradability of aromatic water pollutants. For that purpose, 36 single-benzene ring compounds, with different type, number and position ...of substituents, were used. The biodegradability was estimated according to the ratio of the biochemical (BOD5) and chemical (COD) oxygen demand values determined for parent compounds ((BOD5/COD)0), as well as for their reaction mixtures in half-life achieved by UV-C/H2O2 process ((BOD5/COD)t1/2). The models correlating biodegradability and molecular structure characteristics of studied pollutants were derived using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) principles and tools. Upon derivation of the models and calibration on the training and subsequent testing on the test set, 3- and 5-variable models were selected as the most predictive for (BOD5/COD)0 and (BOD5/COD)t1/2, respectively, according to the values of statistical parameters R2 and Q2. Hence, 3-variable model predicting (BOD5/COD)0 possessed R2=0.863 and Q2=0.799 for training set, and R2=0.710 for test set, while 5-variable model predicting (BOD5/COD)1/2 possessed R2=0.886 and Q2=0.788 for training set, and R2=0.564 for test set. The selected models are interpretable and transparent, reflecting key structural features that influence targeted biodegradability and can be correlated with the degradation mechanisms of studied compounds by UV-C/H2O2.
•Established biodegradability of single-benzene ring compounds ((BOD5/COD)0).•Established biodegradability of their reaction mixtures in half-life achieved by UV-C/H2O2 process ((BOD5/COD)t1/2).•Developed quantitative models for (BOD5/COD)0 and (BOD5/COD)t1/2 of single-benzene ring water pollutants.•Key structural features influencing biodegradability of studied aromatics determined.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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