Facultative animal-bacteria symbioses, which are critical determinants of animal fitness, are largely assumed to be mutualistic. However, whether commensal bacteria benefit from the association has ...not been rigorously assessed. Using a simple and tractable gnotobiotic model— Drosophila mono-associated with one of its dominant commensals, Lactobacillus plantarum—we reveal that in addition to benefiting animal growth, this facultative symbiosis has a positive impact on commensal bacteria fitness. We find that bacteria encounter a strong cost during gut transit, yet larvae-derived maintenance factors override this cost and increase bacterial population fitness, thus perpetuating symbiosis. In addition, we demonstrate that the maintenance of the association is required for achieving maximum animal growth benefits upon chronic undernutrition. Taken together, our study establishes a prototypical case of facultative nutritional mutualism, whereby a farming mechanism perpetuates animal-bacteria symbiosis, which bolsters fitness gains for both partners upon poor nutritional conditions.
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•Symbiotic bacteria hasten the growth of undernourished Drosophila larvae•Without larvae, bacteria rapidly exhaust their nutritional resources and collapse•Larvae secrete maintenance factors allowing bacteria to overcome nutrient shortage•Drosophila larvae/bacteria symbiosis is a case of facultative nutritional mutualism
Storelli et al. describe a mechanism whereby Drosophila larvae maintain their association with beneficial symbiotic bacteria. Symbiotic bacteria hasten the growth of undernourished larvae, while larvae secrete maintenance factors allowing bacteria to persist despite the shortage of their nutritional resources. Thus, Drosophila/bacteria symbiosis is a case of facultative nutritional mutualism.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are representative members of multiple ecosystems on earth, displaying dynamic interactions within animal and plant kingdoms in respect with other microbes. This highly ...heterogeneous phylogenetic group has coevolved with plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, establishing either mutualism, symbiosis, commensalism, or even parasitism-like behavior with their hosts. Depending on their location and environment conditions, LAB can be dominant or sometimes in minority within ecosystems. Whatever their origins and relative abundance in specific anatomic sites, LAB exhibit multifaceted ecological and functional properties. While some resident LAB permanently inhabit distinct animal mucosal cavities, others are provided by food and may transiently occupy the gastrointestinal tract. It is admitted that the overall gut microbiome has a deep impact on health and diseases. Here, we examined the presence and the physiological role of LAB in the healthy human and several animal microbiome. Moreover, we also highlighted some dysbiotic states and related consequences for health, considering both the resident and the so-called "transionts" microorganisms. Whether LAB-related health effects act collectively or follow a strain-specificity dogma is also addressed. Besides the highly suggested contribution of LAB to interplay with immune, metabolic, and even brain-axis regulation, the possible involvement of LAB in xenobiotic detoxification processes and metal equilibrium is also tackled. Recent technological developments such as functional metagenomics, metabolomics, high-content screening and design
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experimental models now open new horizons for LAB as markers applied for disease diagnosis, susceptibility, and follow-up. Moreover, identification of general and more specific molecular mechanisms based on antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and detoxifying properties of LAB currently extends their selection and promising use, either as probiotics, in traditional and functional foods, for dedicated treatments and mostly for maintenance of normobiosis and homeostasis.
IntroductionSafewards is an organisational approach to delivering inpatient mental health services. The aim of Safewards is to minimise the number of situations in which conflict arises between ...healthcare workers and patients that lead to the use of coercive interventions (restriction and/or containment).The Safewards Model has been developed, implemented and evaluated for its impact on all forms of containment. Safewards has been adopted as the recommended approach to preventing patient agitation and clinical aggression in some jurisdictions. Notwithstanding these recommendations, the outcomes of Safewards for staff and patients have not been comprehensively described.The aim of the scoping review is to describe (1) Safewards interventions; (2) how Safewards interventions have been implemented in healthcare settings; (3) outcome measures used to evaluate the effectiveness of Safewards; (4) barriers and enablers to the uptake and sustainability of Safewards. This review will provide a foundation for further research and/or systematic review of the effectiveness of Safewards.Methods and analysisPeer-reviewed manuscripts of quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method research in English with be included for the period 01 January 2013– December 31st 2020. Electronic databases including Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, Embase, Emcare, Joanna Briggs Institute, Medline, Global Health, PsycINFO and Scopus will be searched. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and explanation and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol will be followed. Publications will be excluded if they do not include the required participants, concept or context. Two reviewers will independently screen all titles and abstracts and full-text studies for inclusion.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this review is not required as the information to be collected is publicly available. There are no participants or safety considerations in this review of published literature. Key findings for future research and clinical practice will be disseminated though peer-reviewed publication, stakeholder reporting and conference presentations.
The safety status of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their capacity to survive the passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) have rendered them excellent candidates for the production of ...therapeutic proteins and their delivery in situ to the GI tract. During the past two decades, major health benefits of mucosally administered recombinant LAB have been successfully demonstrated, predominantly using animal models. However, the field has recently moved into the era of human clinical trials. In this review, we provide a timely update on the recent important advances made in this field, and outline the potential of recombinant LAB as therapeutic tools for their safe and efficient use in human health.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Microbial agents have promise for the bioremediation of Pb(II)-polluted environments and wastewater, the biodecontamination of foods, and the alleviation of toxicity in living organisms. The dairy ...bacterium Propionibacterium freudenreichii is poorly able to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solution at 25 ppm, ranging from 0 to 10% of initial concentration. Here, we report on an original strong enhancement of this activity (ranging from 75% to 93%, p < 0.01) following the addition of a polysorbate detergent (Tween® 80) during or either shortly after the growth of a P. freudenreichii culture. We evaluated the optimal Tween® 80 concentration for pretreatment conditions, documented the role of other detergents, and explored the possible mechanisms involved. Our results reveal a novel, environmentally friendly, low-cost pretreatment procedure for enhancing the selective removal of lead from water by probiotic-documented bacteria.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Limited high‐quality evidence supports the management of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). To assess our institutional performance in this area, we retrospectively reviewed IDA treatment practices in 195 ...consecutive children referred to our center from 2006 to mid‐2010. The majority of children were ≤4 years old (64%) and had nutritional IDA (74%). In 11‐ to 18‐year‐old patients (31%), the primary etiology was menorrhagia (42%). Many were referred directly to the emergency department and/or prescribed iron doses outside the recommended range. Poor medication adherence and being lost‐to‐follow‐up were common. Substantial improvements are required in the management of IDA.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Pandemic Societies Denis, Jean-Louis; Régis, Catherine; Weinstock, Daniel M ...
2021, 2021-10-15
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Pandemic Societies brings together a range of experts to reflect on how their fields might be transformed in the context of our pandemic society. Examining how COVID-19 has transformed our lives, ...this book attempts to understand these changes and how to reinvent institutions and practices that we think of as intrinsically face to face.
Yarrowia lipolytica is a dimorphic oleaginous non‐conventional yeast widely used as a powerful host for expressing heterologous proteins, as well as a promising source of engineered cell factories ...for various applications. This microorganism has a documented use in Feed and Food and a GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status. Moreover, in vivo studies demonstrated a beneficial effect of this yeast on animal health. However, despite the focus on Y. lipolytica for the industrial manufacturing of heterologous proteins and for probiotic effects, its potential for oral delivery of recombinant therapeutic proteins has seldom been evaluated in mammals. As the first steps towards this aim, we engineered two Y. lipolytica strains, a dairy strain and a laboratory strain, to produce the model fluorescent protein mCherry. We demonstrated that both Y. lipolytica strains transiently persisted for at least 1 week after four daily oral administrations and they maintained the active expression of mCherry in the mouse intestine. We used confocal microscopy to image individual Y. lipolytica cells of freshly collected intestinal tissues. They were found essentially in the lumen and they were rarely in contact with epithelial cells while transiting through the ileum, caecum and colon of mice. Taken as a whole, our results have shown that fluorescent Y. lipolytica strains constitute novel tools to study the persistence and dynamics of orally administered yeasts which could be used in the future as oral delivery vectors for the secretion of active therapeutic proteins in the gut.
Yarrowia lipolytica is a dimorphic oleaginous non‐conventional yeast widely used as a powerful host for expressing heterologous proteins. To study its potential for oral delivery of recombinant therapeutic proteins in mammals, we engineered two Y. lipolytica strains to produce the model fluorescent protein mCherry. We demonstrated that both Y. lipolytica strains transiently persisted in mice after four daily oral administrations and they maintained the active expression of mCherry in the mouse intestine. We used confocal microscopy and showed that Yarrowia cells were found essentially in the lumen and they were rarely in contact with epithelial cells while transiting through the ileum, caecum, and colon of mice. Taken as a whole, our results have shown that fluorescent Y. lipolytica strains constitute novel tools to study the persistence and dynamics of orally administered yeasts.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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