This study assesses short-term and long-term learning outcomes of Question, Persuade, Refer (QPR) suicide prevention training in a college setting. Two hundred seventy-three participants completed ...pretest, posttest, and follow-up surveys regarding suicide prevention knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Results indicated: (a) increases in suicide prevention knowledge, attitudes, and skills both from the pretest to the posttest and from the pretest to the follow-up test on 8 items (warning signs, how to ask about suicide, influencing help-seeking, how to get help, knowledge of local resources, talking about resources, accompanying person to get help, and calling a crisis line); and (b) short-term increases on 2 items (suicide prevention facts and appropriateness of asking about suicide). Implications for campus-wide suicide prevention efforts are discussed.
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This article describes efforts to increase faculty involvement in suicide prevention and mental health promotion via curriculum infusion. The participants were faculty, staff, and 659 students ...enrolled in classes of a large eastern university from Fall 2007-Spring 2011. Counselors, health educators, and medical providers recruited faculty from a variety of disciplines to develop mental health promotion programs in their courses. This article describes seven such collaborations, illustrating how faculty was able to encourage students to see connections between their academic content and real world college experience, and the implications for mental health. As a result of these collaborations, faculty had a deeper understanding of mental health issues and resources on campus and an appreciation for the opportunity to collaborate in novel ways. After curriculum infusion was introduced to the campus faculty referrals to counseling did not noticeably increase, but there was increased faculty engagement in mental health programs and promotion.
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Objective: The purpose of the current study was to increase qualitative understanding of student motives for and consequences associated with nonmedical use of prescription drugs. Participants: ...Sixty-one students participated in eight focus groups between April and November 2013. Methods: Students described prescription drugs commonly used for nonmedical reasons, as well as the motives for and consequences associated with their use. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Students reported stimulants as the most commonly used prescription drug for nonmedical reasons, least expensive, and easiest to obtain on campus, followed by benzodiazepines. Opioids were less commonly used, more expensive, and difficult to acquire. Motives and consequences varied by prescription drug class. Conclusions: Our qualitative findings extend previous research by suggesting differences in students' perceived motives for using and consequences associated with the different classes of prescription drugs. These findings provide implications for the development of preventive interventions.
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The present study utilized a case-control design to assess the relation between menstrual cycle factors and risk of endometriosis in women age 19-45 years. From a gynecologic specialty clinic in ...Western New York in 1987, we identified 104 laparoscopically confirmed cases of endometriosis. We used two control groups: (1) 100 friend controls (friends of cases), and (2) 98 medical controls (patients from the same medical practice with conditions other than endometriosis). Controls were frequency matched to cases by age. Because crude odds ratios (ORs), stratified by age (<30 vs ≥30 years), revealed effect modification by age, we performed all analyses by age group. We used logistic regression to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), controlling for pregnancy, religion, and body mass index. Among women under age 30, using friend controls, we observed elevated risks for menstrual flow ≥6 days per month (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.1-5.9), heavy flow (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.1-6.3), severe cramps (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.2-6.0), increasing symptoms (OR = 6.6, 95% CI = 2.6-16.5), and tampon use ≥14 years (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.04-13.5). Risks were also elevated for women age 30 and over, but not to the same degree as among younger women. Using medical controls, we observed elevated risks for menstrual flow ≥6 days (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1-5.1), severe cramps (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1-5.3), and increasing symptoms (OR = 8.3, 95% CI = 3.3-21.0) among women under age 30. These results support theories that associate endometriosis with increased exposure to menstruation.
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Background. Results are reported from a large randomized trial designed to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among callers to the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service (CIS) ...(n = 1,717).
Methods. CIS callers assigned to the intervention group (n = 861) received a brief proactive educational intervention over the telephone at the end of usual service, with two follow-up mailouts. Key educational messages and print material derived from the NCI 5 A Day for Better Health program were provided to intervention participants. Participants were interviewed by telephone at 4 weeks (n = 1,307), 4 months (n = 1,180), and 12 months for follow-up (n = 1,016).
Results. Results obtained from a single-item measure of fruit and vegetable consumption indicate a significant intervention effect of 0.88 servings per day at 4 weeks follow-up (P < 0.001), 0.63 servings per day at 4 months follow-up (P < 0.001), and 0.43 servings per day at 12 months follow-up (P < 0.001). Using a 7-item food frequency measure, an intervention effect of 0.63 servings per day was obtained at 4 weeks follow-up (P < 0.001), compared with 0.39 servings per day at 4 months follow-up (P = 0.002) and 0.44 servings per day at 12 months follow-up (P = 0.002). A 24-h recall assessment included in the 4-month interviews also yielded a significant intervention effect of 0.67 servings per day (P = 0.015). The vast majority of callers (90%) endorsed the strategy of providing 5 A Day information proactively within the CIS.
Conclusions. This brief educational intervention was associated with higher levels of self-reported fruit and vegetable intake at both short- and long-term follow-up. Additional research is recommended to test this or a similar intervention in diverse populations.
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6.
Endometriosis and body fat distribution McCann, S E; Freudenheim, J L; Darrow, S L ...
Obstetrics and gynecology (New York. 1953),
1993-October, Volume:
82, Issue:
4 Pt 1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
To examine the association of body fat distribution with risk of endometriosis in an effort to determine whether a specific somatotype is related to the disease.
We conducted a case-control study of ...88 laparoscopically confirmed cases of endometriosis, identified in a specialty gynecologic practice in western New York, and 88 age-matched friend controls. Data were collected by standardized personal interview, and body measurements were taken in a standardized fashion by one interviewer. Risk of endometriosis associated with body fat distribution, as expressed by waist-to-hip and waist-to-thigh ratios, was assessed using logistic regression.
For women under 30 years of age (45 cases, 46 controls), endometriosis was inversely related to both waist-to-hip ratio (odds ratio 6.18, 95% confidence interval CI 2.01-19.01) and waist-to-thigh ratio (odds ratio 3.64, 95% CI 1.23-10.78). This effect was not evident among women aged 30 years and older (43 cases, 42 controls).
Our results suggest a specific somatotype with a predominance of peripheral body fat among women with endometriosis. This finding may provide information useful in both the diagnosis and understanding of the disease etiology.
To examine the belief that women with endometriosis have "voluntarily" delayed childbirth, the authors used a case-control approach to assess the relation between sexual, contraceptive, and ...reproductive factors and endometriosis. A total of 104 laparoscopically confirmed newly diagnosed cases of endometriosis were identified from a gynecologic specialty clinic in western New York state in 1987. Two control groups were used: 1) 100 friend controls, and 2) 98 medical controls. No differences were found between study groups on use of reliable birth control, use of birth control before a first pregnancy, age at first intercourse, frequency of intercourse, decisions to delay pregnancy, age at first pregnancy, or measures of body size. Cases were older than medical controls by about 1 year when they first began using birth control (19.8 vs. 18.6 years, p < 0.05). Cases were also 1 year older than friend controls when they began regular intercourse (20.9 vs. 19.5 years, p < 0.005) and at first marriage (22.8 vs. 21.7 years, p < 0.05). A larger percentage of cases than friend controls were never pregnant (p < 0.0001) and were more likely to have problems becoming pregnant (p < 0.0001). Results, overall, do not support simplistic assumptions that characterize endometriosis patients as career women who voluntarily delay pregnancy. Rather, the results point to a complex relation between endometriosis and reproductive, sexual activity, and fertility-related factors.
Background.The National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service (CIS), the nation's foremost resource for cancer information, has supported cancer control research throughout its 22-year ...history. The Cancer Information Service Research Consortium (CISRC) is a consortium established to fully involve the CIS in theory-based cancer control research.
Methods.This paper focuses on the experiences of the CIS Project Directors in the development and implementation of three research projects within the CIS program. Conclusions are drawn from discussions that have taken place over time in such venues as conference calls, CISRC Members Council meetings, and project advisory meetings.
Results.Overall, the CISRC/CIS collaboration has been successful. A number of factors have contributed to this success, including the perceived value of the research within the CIS and the mechanisms and structures established to foster collaboration. The lessons learned, based on the challenges and opportunities of implementing these intervention research projects within the operations of the regional CIS offices, are discussed.
Conclusions.Integration of research within a service program requires careful planning and preparation. Mutual benefit, shared ownership, consistency with current practice, staff training, and the value of research to each partner were essential ingredients to the success of this collaboration.
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Background.In this paper, results are reported from a pilot study designed to test the feasibility of a proactive educational intervention delivered to callers of the Cancer Information Service ...(CIS).
Methods.The study used a randomized two-group design (intervention vs control). Callers assigned to the intervention condition received a brief educational intervention at the end of usual service to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. As part of the intervention, key educational messages and materials drawn from the 5 A Day for Better Health program of the National Cancer Institute were provided to CIS callers over the telephone and then reinforced with two follow-up mailings.
Results.Results from this pilot study indicated high levels of adherence to protocol by CIS Information Specialists who delivered the intervention to eligible CIS callers. Results obtained from the 4-week telephone follow-up interviews indicated that intervention subjects (n= 142) reported higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, averaging approximately 0.75 servings more per day (P< 0.01) than control subjects (n= 134).
Conclusion.Nearly 80% of CIS callers endorsed the strategy of providing 5 A Day information at the end of usual service, even if such information was not specifically requested by the caller (i.e., the information was provided to CIS callers proactively).
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The Cancer Information Service (CIS) has been the voice of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for more than 20 years. In 1997, the CIS telephone service received 14,689 inquiries from the public ...about coping with cancer and its consequences (total calls = 500,000). In a random sample survey of 2,489 CIS callers conducted in 1996. respondents who stated they called the CIS for coping information were asked to evaluate the information provided by the CIS, overall satisfaction with this information, and what impact this information had on patients and significant others. Most of those who called about coping were not the patients (33%) themselves; rather, they were significant others of patients (spouses/partners 21%, parents 16%, friends/coworkers 11%, other family 19%, other 9%). The information received was new to most callers(≥93%). Respondents were satisfied with the information (92%) and felt the CIS information specialist was knowledgeable (95%) and trustworthy (96%). Respondents (patients/significant others) stated that the information made it easier to adjust to the illness (52%/80%), reassured them (68%/69%), and helped them find community support (34%/39%). Patients and significant others evaluated the CIS information exchange differently; significant others rated it higher than did patients. Results indicated that the CIS model of health communications had a positive impact on persons coping with a diagnosis of cancer. Further research is needed to understand how the information needs of patients differ from those of their significant others, and training is needed to tailor the information exchange to meet those unique needs.
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