Abstract
A Deeper interweaving of different scientific areas has always proven to be a powerful tool for improving our understanding of several fascinating physical aspects of the world. For example, ...researchers worldwide have investigated the intriguing existence of the interaction between gravity and superconductivity in recent decades, owing to its enormous conceptual implications and various potential applications. Different theories using various approaches and techniques have been proposed to predict these interactions. To study the anomalous couplings between the super condensate and local gravitational field, we provide a detailed calculation of the thermodynamic properties and coherence length on behalf of the gravitational wave vector. In addition, this study provides a framework for calculating the gravitational penetration depth compared with the electromagnetic (E.M.) penetration depth. Furthermore, we demonstrate macroscopic quantum interference events by applying the Josephson effect using a superconducting quantum interface device (SQUID) link. Finally, similar to other calculations, we demonstrate how the quantum of the gravity flux is used to manage a sinusoidally oscillating current. This phenomenon will help future researchers study the effects of gravitational perturbation on supercurrents and super-condensates, and the latter could be used as ‘gravitational antennas’ for gravitational wave detection.
Background and aim: Balarista is a fermented ayurvedic liquid preparation recommended as a good therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In the present investigation, the anti-arthritic ...activity of in-house Balarista formulation and marketed M1, M2, M3 and M4 Balarista formulations at the dose of 2.31 ml/kg were studied on Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model. Experimental procedure: Measurement of paw diameter, arthritic index, arthritic score, and body weight were made to assess the anti-arthritic activity. Alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters were carried out to ascertain the disease progression. The inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL- 6) were measured by the ELISA method. The oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in tissues of joint, liver, spleen and kidney. The histological and radiological changes in the ankle joint of rats were also studied. Results and conclusion: Administration of in-house and marketed formulations exhibited significant anti-arthritic activity by reducing all the arthritic parameters. The anomalous alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters were remarkably restored. The expression level of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines was significantly suppressed in treated animals. The oxidative stress, indicated by an increase in lipid peroxidation, decreased in antioxidant enzyme i.e. superoxide dismutase and catalase along with non-enzymatic reduced glutathione in tissues, were strongly counteracted by the formulation. Abnormal changes in arthritic ankle joints shown by X-ray and histological examination were significantly protected by the formulation. The present study suggests that the administration of in-house and marketed Balarista formulations have produced a significant anti-arthritic effect by inhibiting free radicals and inflammatory cytokines.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the present work, multifunctional Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4@albumen (NZF@Alb) and doxorubicin-loaded Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4@albumen (NZF@Alb-Dox) core-shell nanoparticles have been prepared by a green and simple ...method using inexpensive chicken egg albumen and have been characterized for different physiochemical properties. The structural, morphological, thermal, and magnetic properties of the prepared nanoparticles have been investigated by an x-ray diffractometer, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques. Superparamagnetic Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles (NZF NPs) with the mean size ∼20 nm were coated with albumen matrix by an ultrasonication process. Inverse fast Fourier transform-assisted HRTEM micrographs and FTIR analysis revealed the coating of amorphous albumen on crystalline NZF NPs. NZF@Alb and NZF@Alb-Dox NPs have the mean size (D50) of ∼100 nm, good stability, and magnetic controllability. Magnetic measurements (field (H)-dependent magnetization (M)) show all samples to be super-paramagnetic in nature. Biocompatibilities of the NZF and NZF@Alb NPs were confirmed by in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against RAW 264.7 cells. NZF@Alb NPs have been found to be more biocompatible than bare NZF. In Vitro Dox release behavior from NZF@Alb-Dox NPs has been studied at pH 7.4 and 5, and a sustained and pH-dependent drug release profile were observed. In vitro cytotoxicity or anticancer activity of the blank NZF@Alb NPs, free Dox, and NZF@Alb-Dox NPs against HeLa cells (cancer cell line) were also examined by MTT assay. The obtained results suggest that this scalable egg-albumen-based magnetic nanoformulation is suitable for targeted drug delivery applications. Thus, the present study could be extremely useful for the advancement of albumin-based nanocarrier design and development for biomedical applications such as targeted and controlled delivery of anticancer drugs.
Indicator organisms are used to assess public health risk in recreational waters, to highlight periods of challenge to drinking water treatment plants, and to determine the effectiveness of treatment ...and the quality of distributed water. However, many have questioned their efficacy for indicating pathogen risk. Five hundred and forty cases representing independent indicator-pathogen correlations were obtained from the literature for the period 1970-2009. The data were analyzed to assess factors affecting correlations using a logistic regression model considering indicator classes, pathogen classes, water types, pathogen sources, sample size, the number of samples with pathogens, the detection method, year of publication and statistical methods. Although no single indicator was identified as the most correlated with pathogens, coliphages, F-specific coliphages, Clostridium perfringens, fecal streptococci and total coliforms were more likely than other indicators to be correlated with pathogens. The most important factors in determining correlations between indicator-pathogen pairs were the sample size and the number of samples positive for pathogens. Pathogen sources, detection methods and other variables have little influence on correlations between indicators and pathogens. Results suggest that much of the controversy with regards to indicator and pathogen correlations is the result of studies with insufficient data for assessing correlations.
Learn the growth hormone dynamics and discuss the issues of growth hormone therapy in subjects with 45,X/46XY.
To study the growth hormone dynamics in children with 45,X/46,XY karyotyping and mixed ...gonadal dysgenesis (MGD).
Descriptive clinical study.
Five subjects with karyotype 45,X / 46,XY with or without genital ambiguity and somatic features of SHOX haploinsufficiency.
Growth hormone dynamic study and gonadectomy.
IGF-1, peak GH levels, Turner's stigmata and histology of gonadal tissue.
Five cases of MGD with both male and female phenotype were studies. IGF-1 levels and GH levels showed both features of growth hormone deficiency and growth hormone insensitivity. One study subject has gonadal germ cell tumour (dysgerminoma). We discuss here the issues regarding the GH therapy in MGD subjects.
Growth deceleration in MGD subjects is partly due to defective growth hormone secretion and partly due to growth hormone insensitivity. MGD subjects are at high risk for occurrence of gonadal tumours. Gonadectomy or biopsy of underlying dysgenetic gonads is essential prior GH therapy. Close surveillance for second neoplasm is to be considered in subjects with history of gonadal tumors prior starting GH for short stature.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Carboxamide groups due to its biological abundance and significance in the primary structure of proteins/metalloenzymes, has been long investigated as donor functionality in synthetic inorganic ...coordination chemistry. Spectral studies and their theoretical encounters are gaining enormous importance. Electronic detail structure, along with TD-DFT and FT-IR vibrational frequencies of, Ni(II)L
2
, HL = N-(2-methoxyphenyl)picolinamide were studied by DFT calculations and are compared with their experimental counterparts. Nice agreement of these two was obtained. Ni(II) utilizes all possible donor sites of the both the ligands and forms hexadentate complex. Orbitals involved in TD-DFT calculated electronic transitions are highlighted, along with magnetic orbitals and spin-density plots. TD-DFT results and comparison of experimental and calculated vibrational wave numbers are listed in tabular fashion. Optimized geometry reveals possible distortions in the structure. All relevant bond angles and bond lengths have been shown. All calculations were done at B3LYP utilizing TZVP and SVP basis sets.
Three years of adjuvant imatinib mesylate therapy is associated with reduced recurrence rates and improved overall survival in patients with high-risk primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) ...compared with patients who receive 1 year of treatment. The impact of a longer duration of therapy is unknown.
To determine whether adjuvant treatment for primary GIST with imatinib for 5 years is tolerable and efficacious.
This prospective, single-arm, phase 2 clinical trial (Postresection Evaluation of Recurrence-free Survival for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors With 5 Years of Adjuvant Imatinib PERSIST-5) included adult patients with primary GIST (expressing KIT) at 21 US institutions who underwent a macroscopically complete resection and were at intermediate or high risk of recurrence, defined as primary GIST at any site measuring 2 cm or larger with 5 or more mitoses per 50 high-power field or nongastric primary GIST measuring 5 cm or larger. Data were collected from August 5, 2009, through December 20, 2016.
Imatinib, 400 mg once daily, orally for 5 years or until discontinuation of therapy because of progression or intolerance.
The primary end point was recurrence-free survival (RFS). The secondary end point was overall survival.
Of the 91 patients enrolled, 48 (53%) were men with a median age of 60 years (range, 30-90 years). Median tumor size was 6.5 cm (range, 2.3-30.0 cm). Median treatment duration was 55.1 months (range, 0.5-60.6 months); 46 patients (51%) completed 5 years of imatinib therapy. Estimated 5-year RFS was 90% (95% CI, 80%-95%), and overall survival was 95% (95% CI, 86%-99%). Recurrence was noted in 7 patients: 1 had disease recur while receiving imatinib (PDGFRA D842V mutation) and died; 6 had disease recur after discontinuation of imatinib therapy. Two additional deaths were unrelated to treatment or tumor progression. Forty-five patients (49%) stopped treatment early because of patient choice (10 21%), adverse events (15 16%), or other (11 12%). All 91 patients experienced at least 1 adverse event, and 17 (19%) experienced grade 3 or 4 adverse events.
In this first adjuvant trial, to our knowledge, of patients with resected primary GIST who received 5 years of imatinib therapy, no patient with imatinib-sensitive mutations had disease recur during therapy. For patients in whom disease recurred, recurrence was within 2 years of discontinuation of imatinib therapy. Approximately half of the patients discontinued treatment early, most commonly because of patient choice, thus emphasizing the importance of close clinical monitoring to continue imatinib treatment for patients at appropriate risk.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00867113.
An experimental study of natural convection heat transfer from heat staggered Pin fin array within air filled rectangular enclosure has been performed experimentally. It has been done to analyze the ...effects of several inducing parameters on system performance. The study has been done at wide ranges of influencing parameters such as Rayleigh number (328,042 ≤ Ra ≤ 794,323) and fin spacing (25 mm ≤ S ≤ 100 mm) and at a given fin height (L = 25 mm). The present study reported that the average Nusselt number (Nu) always increases by increasing Ra. While, by decreasing in fin spacing Nu increases initially up to an extreme value then tends to decrease. The fin effectiveness decreases continuously by increasing in Rayleigh number. It has been found that by decreasing in fin spacing, fin effectiveness increases initially up to a maximum value, beyond which it tends to decrease with further decrease in fin spacing. The correlations are developed for Nu as a function of dimensionless number (S/H) and Rayleigh numbers (Ra) and verified with experimental data.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This paper presents a multi-objective planning approach for electrical distribution systems under uncertainty in load demand incorporating distributed generation (DG). Both radial and meshed systems ...are considered. The overall influence of load demand uncertainty on planned networks is investigated in detail. Uncertainty in load demand is possibilistically modeled using a fuzzy triangular number. The two objectives in system planning are: (i) minimization of total installation and operational costs, and (ii) minimization of the risk factor. The risk factor is a function of the contingency load-loss index (CLLI), which measures load loss under contingencies, and the degree of network constraints violations. CLLI minimization improves network reliability. The network variables optimized are: (i) the network structure type (radial or meshed), (ii) the number of feeders and their routes, and (iii) the number and location of sectionalizing switches. The optimization tool is a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) variant that uses heuristic selection and assignment of leaders or guides for efficient identification of non-dominated solutions. The optimal number, location, and size of the DG units are determined in another planning stage. Performance comparisons between the planning approaches with possibilistic and deterministic load models highlight the relative merits and demerits. The advantages of networks obtained using the proposed planning approach in the context of DG integration are described. The proposed planning approach is validated using three typical distribution systems.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•The charge conduction is mediated by the hopping of small polarons in Cu-doped MnV2O6.•Effect of distortion outweighs the effect of increased band gap.•Improved permittivity due to Cu-doping is a ...result of increased hopping polarization.•Improved hopping polarization is due to higher carrier density and larger hopping range.•Possibilities of electrical phase separation due to inhomogeneous doping distribution.
We have presented dielectric and impedance spectroscopic study of the Cu-doped MnV2O6 spin-chain compounds of nominal compositions Mn1-xCuxV2O6 (x = 0.0, 0.125, and 0.25). The studies indicate increase in dielectric permittivity upon Cu-doping without increasing the dielectric loss. Detailed ac conductivity, complex impedance and complex electric modulus analysis indicate that the charge conduction is mediated by small polarons. The analysis also points out that although Cu-doping results in an increase in the charge carrier concentration yet the increase in permittivity is also felicitated by increase in the hopping range of small polarons even in the high temperature region. Finally, the complex plane plots of impedance and electric modulus hints at two simultaneous intrinsic dielectric phases of different permittivity contributions but of similar impedance.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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