•The charge conduction is mediated by the hopping of small polarons in Cu-doped MnV2O6.•Effect of distortion outweighs the effect of increased band gap.•Improved permittivity due to Cu-doping is a ...result of increased hopping polarization.•Improved hopping polarization is due to higher carrier density and larger hopping range.•Possibilities of electrical phase separation due to inhomogeneous doping distribution.
We have presented dielectric and impedance spectroscopic study of the Cu-doped MnV2O6 spin-chain compounds of nominal compositions Mn1-xCuxV2O6 (x = 0.0, 0.125, and 0.25). The studies indicate increase in dielectric permittivity upon Cu-doping without increasing the dielectric loss. Detailed ac conductivity, complex impedance and complex electric modulus analysis indicate that the charge conduction is mediated by small polarons. The analysis also points out that although Cu-doping results in an increase in the charge carrier concentration yet the increase in permittivity is also felicitated by increase in the hopping range of small polarons even in the high temperature region. Finally, the complex plane plots of impedance and electric modulus hints at two simultaneous intrinsic dielectric phases of different permittivity contributions but of similar impedance.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Quantifiable decline in the maternal body temperature during the pre-calving offers the possibilities for predicting the calving that can improve the calving management. As infrared thermography ...(IRT) is a simple non-contact tool for precise measurement of surface temperature, we investigated the use of IRT to establish thermal signatures around calving in the Murrah buffalo. The IRT of eye, right lateral, left lateral and rear side of udder skin surface temperature (USST) were recorded at 6 h interval from 96 h before the expected date of calving, at the time of calving and 24 h post-calving in Murrah buffaloes (n = 28). In parallel, blood samples were collected for progesterone (P
) assay. The results revealed that the IRT of the eye, right and left lateral and rear side of USST showed a significant decrease in the temperature from 48 h pre-calving till the onset of calving with a ΔT (°C) of 0.56, 0.91, 0.70, and 0.90, respectively. Mean USST significantly declined from 48 h pre-calving with a ΔT of 0.85 °C. The residual temperature of both eye and various ROI of the udder also followed a similar and significant declining trend from 48 to 0 h of calving indicating that circadian influence on the USST was minimum. Plasma P
concentration significantly decreased from 72 h pre-calving till calving. It is concluded that a marked reduction in the IRT of the USST at 6-12 h pre-calving would be useful in predicting the onset of calving in the Murrah buffalo.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Analyses of drug pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) performed in animals are often not predictive of drug PKs and PDs in humans, and in vitro PK and PD modelling does not provide ...quantitative PK parameters. Here, we show that physiological PK modelling of first-pass drug absorption, metabolism and excretion in humans-using computationally scaled data from multiple fluidically linked two-channel organ chips-predicts PK parameters for orally administered nicotine (using gut, liver and kidney chips) and for intravenously injected cisplatin (using coupled bone marrow, liver and kidney chips). The chips are linked through sequential robotic liquid transfers of a common blood substitute by their endothelium-lined channels (as reported by Novak et al. in an associated Article) and share an arteriovenous fluid-mixing reservoir. We also show that predictions of cisplatin PDs match previously reported patient data. The quantitative in-vitro-to-in-vivo translation of PK and PD parameters and the prediction of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity through fluidically coupled organ chips may improve the design of drug-administration regimens for phase-I clinical trials.
The study was designed with the objective of expression analysis of pro-apoptotic BAX and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 genes on lactation performance in Bos indicus and HF crossbred cows during early ...lactation. BAX/BCL-2 mRNA expression ratio in HF crossbreds showed a steady increase from 30th day to 90th day, but in Deoni cows the ratio exhibited a different pattern, which increased from day 30 to day 60, decreased on day 75, and then increased on day 90. BAX/BCL-2 expression ratio in Deoni and HF crossbreds were lowest on day 30 and highest on day 90. On contrary, the milk yield was highest on day 30 and lowest on day 90 suggesting BCL-2 gene favors milk production and BAX gene oppose milk production. In comparison to HF crossbreds, Deoni cows exhibited highest BAX/BCL-2 ratio at the end of early lactation, indicating Bos indicus cows were more sensitive to apoptosis than HF crossbreds. Comparison of daily milk yield with BAX/BCL-2 mRNA expression ratio revealed significant negative correlation with a correlation coefficient of −0.98 (P < 0.01) and −0.95 (P < 0.05) in Deoni and HF crossbred cows, respectively. Our study provides new insights into understanding the genetic control of mammary apoptosis between Bos indicus and HF crossbreds.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Labile soil organic matter pools (LSOMs) are the fine indicators of soil quality which are influenced by changes in management practices. The suitability of forest tree species is essential for soil ...quality improvement of a nutrient deficient calciorthent with very high percentage of free CaCO
3 (34%). Six multipurpose tree species were selected to investigate the effect of afforestation after 18 years of plantations on size and dynamics of LSOMs, e.g. dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and light fraction carbon (LFC) and also on soil respiration. LSOMs were estimated during four seasons: summer (June), autumn (September), winter (December) and spring (March) in 0–15
cm and 15–30
cm soil depths and
in situ soil respiration was also measured during the corresponding periods. Afforestation by
Eucalyptus tereticornis (Smith) increased soil organic carbon (SOC) of the surface 30
cm soil layer by 142% which was at par with
Terminalia arjuna Bedd. and
Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth while 63% increase was found by
Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) over control plot (3.10
kg
ha
−1 SOC). Soil under
T. arjuna had the highest increase in the mean annual concentration of DOC (by 201%), MBC (by 413%) and LFC (by 263%) over control in the 30
cm soil layer followed by
E. tereticornis. Among the LSOMs, LFC had the maximum contribution to SOC (9.61–11.71%) in the afforested plots up to 30
cm soil layer. The relationships among the three labile pools were highly significant. Mean annual soil respiration was highest in
E. tereticornis plot which was at par with
Acacia lenticularis (L.) Willd and
A. procera, while it was lowest in
T. arjuna plot. Thus, MBC was the most sensitive to afforestation and LFC was the largest reservoir of carbon among the three LSOMs. The results suggest that afforestation by the six multipurpose tree species had increased the LSOMs and soil respiration to different magnitudes.
T. arjuna was found to be the most suitable plantation with highest increase in LSOMs and lowest respiration among the different plantations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
46.
Strongly Clean Semiring Das, D.; Kar, S.
National Academy of Sciences, India. Proceedings. Section A. Physical Sciences,
04/2024, Volume:
94, Issue:
2
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Peer reviewed
In this paper, we study the concept of strongly clean semiring. Let
S
be a semiring. An element
a
∈
S
is called strongly clean if
a
=
e
+
u
with
e
an idempotent in
S
and
u
a unit in
S
such that
e
u
=
...u
e
. A semiring
S
is said to be strongly clean if every nonzero element of
S
is strongly clean. We mainly study the notion of strongly clean semiring and obtain some important characterizations of strongly clean semiring in connection with exchange semiring, antisimple semiring and inverse semiring.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Synthesis of layered sheet like graphitic carbon nitride by pyrolysis of urea at different temperatures has been reported. The proper phase formation has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction study ...whereas field emission scanning and transmission electron microscope characterized the morphology of the material. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of different bonds in the sample. Thermal gravimetric analysis has been used to study the thermal stability of the material. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis further revealed the elemental composition of carbon and nitrogen in a proper stoichiometric ratio. Excitation dependent photoluminescence spectra of the as prepared samples have been studied in detail. It has been shown that synthesis condition can tailor the amount of defects present in the synthesized samples that in turn can change the photoluminescence properties of the material. The fluorescence spectra of the as prepared samples have been used to detect copper ions present in the sample. It has also been shown that the presence of defects which is mainly N-H functional groups can change the decay characteristics of the carrier in these samples which in turn changes the PL spectra.
Display omitted
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Abstract
There are three models of automated robots based on their activation schedules and time notions. They are FSYNC, SSYNC and ASYNC Model. The
FSYNC
-fully synchronous robots have the common ...notion of time and follow a global round of time. In every turn, all the robots are active and perform their job in synchronization. All the robots have the same notion of time in the
SSYNC-
semi-synchronous model, whereas in this model, all robots may not be active in each round. The activation time of
ASYNC-
asynchronous is independent and unpredictable. Research is ongoing to vanish the difference between asynchrony, semi-synchrony and synchrony by equipping the robots with various combination of lights and snapshots. Most of the research has been done on robots with unlimited visibility capabilities. In these works, a robot can view the colors of all other robots and based on that the decision is taken to change its own color thus achieves synchronization. Decision taking becomes challenging if the robots have limited view of the other robots. This paper proposed a technique of synchronizing the robots which are asynchronous by nature, using observable colored lights, where the robots have limited range of visibility.
Abstract Statement of problem Relatively little information is available on the accuracy of the abutment-implant interface in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing ...(CAD/CAM)-fabricated zirconia and cobalt-chromium frameworks. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the fit accuracy of CAD/CAM-fabricated zirconia and cobalt-chromium frameworks and conventionally fabricated cobalt-chromium frameworks. Material and methods Four groups of 3-unit, implant-supported, screw-retained frameworks were fabricated to fit an in vitro model with 3 implants. Eight frameworks were fabricated with the CAD/CAM system: 4 in zirconia and 4 in cobalt-chromium. Another 8 were cast in cobalt-chromium with conventional casting, including 4 with premachined abutments and 4 with castable abutments. The vertical misfit at the implant-framework interface was measured with scanning electron microscopy when only 1 screw was tightened and when all screws were tightened. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=.05). Results The mean vertical misfit values when all screws were tightened was 5.9 ±3.6 μm for CAD/CAM-fabricated zirconia, 1.2 ±2.2 μm for CAD/CAM-fabricated cobalt-chromium frameworks, 11.8 ±9.8 μm for conventionally fabricated cobalt-chromium frameworks with premachined abutments, and 12.9 ±11.0 μm for the conventionally fabricated frameworks with castable abutments; the Mann-Whitney test found significant differences ( P <.05) among all frameworks, except between the conventionally fabricated frameworks ( P =.619). No significant differences were found among the groups for passive fit gap measurements ( P >.05). Conclusions When all of the screws were tightened, the CAD/CAM frameworks exhibited better fit accuracy compared with the conventionally fabricated frameworks. High levels of passive fit were achieved for the evaluated techniques.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Four stoichiometric compositions of nanocrystalline Mg doped carbonated hydroxyapatite (cHAp) powders are synthesized by mechanical alloying (ball milling) the powder mixtures of CaCO3, CaHPO4.2H2O ...and MgO in open air at room temperature. FTIR analysis confirms the A-type carbonation in all milled HAp powder samples (A-cHAp). Microstructure characterization in terms of lattice imperfections and phase quantification of ball milled samples are made by analyzing XRD patterns employing Rietveld's structure refinement method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of 15 mol % Mg doped A-cHAp sample reveals microstructure similar to that obtained from XRD pattern analysis. Cumulative effect of Mg substitution and mechanical alloying results in amorphization of a major part of crystalline A-cHAp, analogous to native bone mineral. Rietveld analysis reveals that the Ca2 vacancy site is energetically more favorable for occupation of Mg substitution. MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay test reveals sufficiently high percentage cell viability confirming the cytocompatibility of the sample.
Mg substitution for Ca2 site. Display omitted
•Single phase Mg doped A-cHAp synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA).•FTIR analysis confirms A-type carbonation in HAp.•Amorphization of a part of crystalline A-cHAp due to MA and Mg insertion.•Mg2+ ions substitute the Ca2 vacancy site.•High cell viability under MTT assay.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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