The effect of post-growth anneal on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of GaSbBi layers, grown by liquid phase epitaxy, is investigated. It is observed that annealing for temperatures up to 650 °C ...increases the PL intensity and decreases the PL peak width indicating an improvement in the crystalline quality of the layer. A second peak at 0.72 eV, observed in GaSbBi only, is totally removed by annealing, suggesting that the peak is related to emission from Bi-related antisite defects. A red shift of up to 9 meV is also observed for the band edge emission peak as a result of anneal.
Patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives exhibit both abnormally diminished and increased neural activation during cognitive tasks. In particular, excessive task-related activity ...is often observed when tasks are easy, suggesting that inefficient cerebral recruitment may be a marker of vulnerability for schizophrenia. This hypothesis might best be tested using a very easy task, thus avoiding confounding by individual differences in task difficulty.
Eighteen people with schizophrenia, 18 unaffected full siblings of patients with schizophrenia and 26 healthy controls performed an easy auditory target-detection task in a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Groups were matched for accuracy on the task. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses to non-target stimuli in participants with vulnerability for schizophrenia (siblings and patients) were compared with those of healthy controls, and those of patients with those of unaffected siblings. BOLD responses to targets were compared with baseline, across groups.
Subjects with vulnerability for schizophrenia showed significant hyperactivation to non-targets in brain areas activated by targets in all groups, in addition to reduced deactivation to non-targets in areas suppressed by targets in all groups. Siblings showed greater activation than patients to non-targets in the medial frontal cortex. Patients exhibited significantly longer reaction times (RTs) than unaffected siblings and healthy controls.
Inefficient cerebral recruitment is a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia, marked by reduced suppression of brain areas normally deactivated in response to task stimuli, and increased activation of areas normally activated in response to task stimuli. Moreover, siblings show additional activation in the medial frontal cortex that may be protective.
Excess properties calculated from the experimental values of densities and viscosities have been presented in the previous work. These experimental values can also lead us to test different ...correlation equations as well as their corresponding relative functions. Inspection of the Arrhenius activation energy Ea and the enthalpy of activation of viscous flow ΔH* found very close values, here we can define partial molar activation energy Ea
1
and Ea
2
for N,N-dimethylacetamide and methanol respectively along with their individual contribution separately. Correlation between the two Arrhenius parameters of viscosity in all compositions shows existence of distinct behaviours separated by particular mole fractions of N,N-dimethylacetamide. In addition, the correlation between Arrhenius parameters reveals interesting Arrhenius temperature which is closely related to the vaporisation temperature in the liquid vapour equilibrium and the limiting corresponding partial molar properties that can permit us to estimate the boiling points of the pure components.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
Compared to other chest wall malignancies, lymphoma is a common disease. However, published literature on a series of lymphoma cases involving the chest wall is scarce. The aim of the ...present study, was to describe experience with chest wall swellings diagnosed as lymphoid neoplasms on fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology.
Methods
Eleven chest wall swellings were diagnosed as lymphoid neoplasms on FNA over a period of 15 years (January 2000‐December 2014). The age of patients ranged from 19 to 73 years (median, 46). The male‐to ‐emale ratio was 7:4. Ten cases had an anterior or lateral chest wall mass, and one swelling was in the scapular region. Six cases had concurrent lymphadenopathy, and one had bone involvement. The FNA smears were reviewed and classified under WHO Classification of Hematopoietic Neoplasms. The histopathological diagnoses were available in eight cases.
Results
The preliminary cytodiagnoses in 11 cases of chest wall lymphoid neoplasms were anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) in two cases, and ALCL/malignant melanoma, ALCL/T‐cell‐rich‐B‐cell lymphoma (TCRBCL)/Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), plasmacytoma/neuroendocrine carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, small cell NHL/CLL, NHL, suggestive of NHL, post‐transplant peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL), and a malignant plasma cell tumour in one case each. The reviewed cytodiagnoses of lymphoid neoplasms were as follows: ALCL ( five cases), centroblastic lymphoma (two cases), and small cell lymphoma/CLL, post‐transplant peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma and plasmacytoma (one case each). Histopathological diagnoses available in eight cases confirmed the presence of lymphoid neoplasms.
Conclusion
A variety of lymphoid neoplasms involved the chest wall, and among them, ALCL was a common form.
Among lymphomas involving chest wall and diagnosed cytologically by us, ALCL was the most common type and B‐cell lymphomas were uncommon, in contrast to the reported cases with predominance of B‐cell neoplasms, especially DLBCL.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The problem of reactive power dispatch is to allocate reactive power generation so as to minimize the real power transmission losses and keep all the voltages within the limits, while satisfying a ...number of equality and inequality constraints. This paper presents a new method for solving this problem based on evolutionary strategy (ES). Some major improvements are added to the traditional ES in order to improve the convergence and to find a better solution. This improved technique is referred to as hybrid evolutionary strategy (HES). A conscious effort is made in the design of HES to reduce the number of load flow executions so that computational requirements are within reasonable limits. Extensive testing of HES is done and the results compared with those reported in the literature. These results show that HES converges to better solutions by evaluating considerably less number of solution strings and even lesser number of load flow executions as compared to the other evolutionary algorithms reported.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•Maximum force bearing capacity of silicene sheet is found to be 286.3 nN.•Maximum hardness is found to be 461.2 GPa.•Young’s modulus is found to be 176.9 GPa.•Plastic deformation occurs above the ...indentation depth of 33.6 Å.•The silicene sheet ruptures at the indentation depth of 74.4 Å.
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In the present study, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the mechanical behavior and response of a single layer, rectangular, planar and pristine silicene sheet during nanoindentation process. The nanoindentation simulation on the silicene sheet was done using a spherical diamond indenter and the different force vs depth of indentation curves at different conditions of temperature, indenter radius and depth of indentation were obtained. The variation of mechanical properties like maximum force, hardness and Young’s modulus were studied with respect to temperature, indenter radius and depth of indentation by varying one parameter while keeping the other two parameters constant. The deformation behavior of the silicene sheet up to failure was thoroughly studied and the mechanical properties like maximum force bearing capacity, maximum hardness and Young’s modulus of the silicene sheet were calculated. The maximum force and hardness of the silicene sheet at its maximum indentation depth of 39.5 Å are found to be 286.3 nN and 461.2 GPa respectively. The Young’s modulus of the silicene sheet is found to be 176.9 GPa which is in close agreement with the existing literature reported value of 178 GPa.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Geoelectric investigation is carried out in the Sagar Island region to assess the prevailing groundwater condition. The Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) are carried out in thirty-eight locations ...of South, Central and Northern parts of Sagar Island region to determine the subsurface hydrological conditions. Maximum current electrodes spacing (AB) of 1200 m are used. Four soundings were carried out near existing boreholes. A combination of curve matching techniques and computer iterative software are used for processing the data. VES results show mostly six layers and constitutes of topsoil layer, saline water, brackish water, impermeable clay layer, fresh water and bottommost clay with silt and fine sand lenses. The results of VES studies significantly correspond with the borehole data and a litho-resistivity relationship is established for this area. The diagnostic constant (A) calculated from the product of hydraulic conductivity and electrical conductance obtained from prescribed known value is used to find the aquifer conductivity and Transmissivity parameters in other locations under the similar hydrodynamic condition of the same region where no pumping test results of boreholes are available. Hydraulic conductivity values vary between 9.92 m day super( -1) at R8 to 13.56 m day super( -1) at R24. Transmissivity values also vary between 1687 m super( 2) day super( -1) at R11 to 2868 m super( 2) day super( -1) at R24.
ABSTRACTThe role of Cu/Zn–superoxide dismutase (SOD) in myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury was studied by using a mouse model with targeted disruption of the mouse Sod I gene. Inactivation of the ...functional mouse Sod I gene in hearts by gene targeting (Sod I) resulted in a 50% reduction of Cu/Zn-SOD mRNA and significant reduction of Cu/Zn-SOD enzyme activity compared with that of wild-type Sod I mice. Cu/Zn-SOD mRNA could not be detected in Sod I heart. The isolated buffer-perfused hearts from the knockout mice devoid of any functional copy of the Sod I (Sod I) and matched nontransgenic control mice were subjected to 30 minutes of global ischemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. For both groups of mice, the postischemic functional recovery for the hearts was lower than the baseline, but the recovery for the Sod I was less compared with the wild-type mice. Thus, the postischemic recovery of the developed force and the maximum first derivative of the developed force were consistently lower for the Sod I mouse hearts compared with wild-type control hearts. The coronary flow was lower compared with the baseline levels for both groups of hearts, but there was no significant difference between the groups. The myocardial infarction determined from the ratio of infarct size/area of risk was higher for the Sod I mice compared with the control mice. The amount of creatine kinase release from the wild-type mouse hearts was less compared with the Sod I mouse hearts. In concert, a reduced amount of oxidative stress was found in the hearts of wild-type mice compared with Sod I mouse hearts. These results documented that Sod I mouse hearts were more susceptible to ischemic reperfusion injury compared with corresponding wild-type mouse hearts, suggesting that the Sod I gene constitutes an important defense element for the hearts.
In the present investigation a novel multi-stage external loop airlift reactor with hydro-dynamically induced continuous bubble generation, breakup and regeneration has been proposed. The system has ...been designed to operate with relatively large sized bubbles, so that interfacial circulation can be induced in the liquid–bubble interfaces and faster transfer of components can take place by turbulent diffusion through the interface of the bubbles and also due to the physical rupture and reformation of the bubbles. The system was also designed to operate in three stages operating in series so that in each stage completely deaerated liquid could be brought in contact with freshly generated bubbles. Detailed studies on the gas holdup and liquid circulation velocity have been carried out with respect to various values of superficial gas as well as liquid velocities. The gas holdup of the proposed multi-stage system is 45% higher than the single stage system, which results in better mass transfer characteristics. Empirical correlations describing the performance of the proposed reactor have been presented in this paper.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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