The Business of Projects broke ground when it was first published in 2005, by showing how leading businesses create and implement projects to drive strategy and innovation. Projects are used to ...coordinate activities with customers and suppliers and ensure that organisations become more dynamic and adaptable. The book extends the resource-based view of the firm to focus on the business lessons learned from the design and production of high-value complex products and systems (CoPS), which have always been project-based. As well as frameworks and management tools, it provides case studies of high-technology industries - such as telecommunications, flight simulation and medical devices - to show how projects are used to achieve strategic objectives, perform systems integration, organise productive activities, manage software, achieve organisational learning and deliver solutions for customers. This book is essential reading for project professionals, academics, students, engineers, managers and policy makers seeking a strategic, innovative perspective on projects.
Predictive habitat models are increasingly being used by conservationists, researchers and governmental bodies to identify vulnerable ecosystems and species' distributions in areas that have not been ...sampled. However, in the deep sea, several limitations have restricted the widespread utilisation of this approach. These range from issues with the accuracy of species presences, the lack of reliable absence data and the limited spatial resolution of environmental factors known or thought to control deep-sea species' distributions. To address these problems, global habitat suitability models have been generated for five species of framework-forming scleractinian corals by taking the best available data and using a novel approach to generate high resolution maps of seafloor conditions. High-resolution global bathymetry was used to resample gridded data from sources such as World Ocean Atlas to produce continuous 30-arc second (∼1 km(2)) global grids for environmental, chemical and physical data of the world's oceans. The increased area and resolution of the environmental variables resulted in a greater number of coral presence records being incorporated into habitat models and higher accuracy of model predictions. The most important factors in determining cold-water coral habitat suitability were depth, temperature, aragonite saturation state and salinity. Model outputs indicated the majority of suitable coral habitat is likely to occur on the continental shelves and slopes of the Atlantic, South Pacific and Indian Oceans. The North Pacific has very little suitable scleractinian coral habitat. Numerous small scale features (i.e., seamounts), which have not been sampled or identified as having a high probability of supporting cold-water coral habitat were identified in all ocean basins. Field validation of newly identified areas is needed to determine the accuracy of model results, assess the utility of modelling efforts to identify vulnerable marine ecosystems for inclusion in future marine protected areas and reduce coral bycatch by commercial fisheries.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Double‐hit lymphoma: So what? Davies, Andrew
Hematological oncology,
June 2019, 2019-Jun, 2019-06-00, 20190601, Volume:
37, Issue:
S1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The revised WHO classification moved all aggressive B‐cell lymphomas with a MYC translocation and a concurrent translocation of BCL2 and/or BCL6 into a single diagnostic category. These are the ...double‐ and triple‐hit lymphomas. These represent a group with typically a poor outcome to conventional therapy, and as a result, intensification of immunochemotherapy has been explored. The optimal approach is far from clear, and recent insight into the biology suggest that they may represent just a subgroup of molecular high‐grade B‐cell lymphomas that maybe identified by gene expression profiling. There are a number of novel therapeutic approaches under investigation.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A fresh approach to scholarship on the diverse nature of Indian anticolonial processes. * Brings together a varied selection of literature to explore Indian anticolonialism in new ways * Offers a ...different perspective to geographers seeking to understand political resistance to colonialism * Addresses contemporary studies that argue nationalism was joined by other political processes, such as revolutionary and anarchist ideologies, to shape the Indian independence movement * Includes a focus on a specific anticolonial group, the "Pondicherry Gang," and investigates their significant impact which went beyond South India * Helps readers understand the diverse nature of anticolonialism, which in turn prompts thinking about the various geographies produced through anticolonial activity
•Structural heterogeneity is more influential for animal diversity than is simple canopy cover.•Taxonomic groups respond to different components of 3D ecosystem structure.•Biases in the literature ...preclude syntheses for some taxonomic groups and regions.•LiDAR has tremendous potential to further advance understanding of animal ecology.
The advent and recent advances of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) have enabled accurate measurement of 3D ecosystem structure. Here, we review insights gained through the application of LiDAR to animal ecology studies, revealing the fundamental importance of structure for animals. Structural heterogeneity is most conducive to increased animal richness and abundance, and increased complexity of vertical vegetation structure is more positively influential compared with traditionally measured canopy cover, which produces mixed results. However, different taxonomic groups interact with a variety of 3D canopy traits and some groups with 3D topography. To develop a better understanding of animal dynamics, future studies will benefit from considering 3D habitat effects in a wider variety of ecosystems and with more taxa.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Predator-prey relationships are integral to ecosystem stability and functioning. These relationships are, however, difficult to maintain in protected areas where large predators are increasingly ...being reintroduced and confined. Where predators make kills has a profound influence on their role in ecosystems, but the relative importance of environmental variables in determining kill sites, and how these might vary across ecosystems is poorly known. We investigated kill sites for lions in South Africa's thicket biome, testing the importance of vegetation structure for kill site locations compared to other environmental variables. Kill sites were located over four years using GPS telemetry and compared to non-kill sites that had been occupied by lions, as well as to random sites within lion ranges. Measurements of 3D vegetation structure obtained from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) were used to calculate the visible area (viewshed) around each site and, along with wind and moonlight data, used to compare kill sites between lion sexes, prey species and prey sexes. Viewshed area was the most important predictor of kill sites (sites in dense vegetation were twice as likely to be kill sites compared to open areas), followed by wind speed and, less so, moonlight. Kill sites for different prey species varied with vegetation structure, and male prey were killed when wind speeds were higher compared to female prey of the same species. Our results demonstrate that vegetation structure is an important component of predator-prey interactions, with varying effects across ecosystems. Such differences require consideration in terms of the ecological roles performed by predators, and in predator and prey conservation.
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Using remotely sensed imagery to identify biophysical components across landscapes is an important avenue of investigation for ecologists studying ecosystem dynamics. With high-resolution remotely ...sensed imagery, algorithmic utilization of image context is crucial for accurate identification of biophysical components at large scales. In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become ubiquitous in image processing, and are rapidly becoming more common in ecology. Because the quantity of high-resolution remotely sensed imagery continues to rise, CNNs are increasingly essential tools for large-scale ecosystem analysis. We discuss here the conceptual advantages of CNNs, demonstrate how they can be used by ecologists through distinct examples of their application, and provide a walkthrough of how to use them for ecological applications.
CNNs enable ecologists to identify biophysical components in high-resolution remotely sensed imagery by leveraging spatial context, and are particularly effective when ecological components have distinct shapes.
CNNs can be used for both object detection, where key components are identified throughout an image, and semantic segmentation, where each pixel is classified individually.
CNN accuracy is similar to human-level classification accuracy, but is consistent and fast, enabling rapid application over very large areas and/or through time.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Background Traumatic flail chest injury is a potentially life threatening condition traditionally treated with invasive mechanical ventilation to splint the chest wall. Longer-term sequelae of pain, ...deformity, and physical restriction are well described. This study investigated the impact of operative fixation in these patients. Study Design A prospective randomized study compared operative fixation of fractured ribs in the flail segment with current best practice mechanical ventilator management. In-hospital data, 3-month follow-up review, spirometry and CT, and 6-month quality of life (Short Form-36) questionnaire were collected. Results Patients in the operative fixation group had significantly shorter ICU stay (hours) postrandomization (285 hours range 191 to 319 hours for the surgical group vs 359 hours range 270 to 581 hours for the conservative group; p = 0.03) and lesser requirement for noninvasive ventilation after extubation (3 hours range 0 to 25 hours in the surgical group vs 50 hours range 17 to 102 hours in the conservative group; p = 0.01). No differences in spirometry at 3 months or quality of life at 6 months were noted. Conclusions Operative fixation of fractured ribs reduces ventilation requirement and intensive care stay in a cohort of multitrauma patients with severe flail chest injury.
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GEOZS, NUK, OILJ, SBJE, UL, UPUK
10.
Animals and the zoogeochemistry of the carbon cycle Schmitz, Oswald J; Wilmers, Christopher C; Leroux, Shawn J ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
12/2018, Volume:
362, Issue:
6419
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Predicting and managing the global carbon cycle requires scientific understanding of ecosystem processes that control carbon uptake and storage. It is generally assumed that carbon cycling is ...sufficiently characterized in terms of uptake and exchange between ecosystem plant and soil pools and the atmosphere. We show that animals also play an important role by mediating carbon exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere, at times turning ecosystem carbon sources into sinks, or vice versa. Animals also move across landscapes, creating a dynamism that shapes landscape-scale variation in carbon exchange and storage. Predicting and measuring carbon cycling under such dynamism is an important scientific challenge. We explain how to link analyses of spatial ecosystem functioning, animal movement, and remote sensing of animal habitats with carbon dynamics across landscapes.
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