Background
Several associations between microsatellite instability (MSI) and other clinicopathological factors have been reported in gastric cancer, but the results have been ambiguous. This ...systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated the relationship between MSI and overall survival and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with gastric cancer.
Methods
A systematic literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane and Ovid databases until 31 January 2016 was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The articles were screened independently according to PICO (population, intervention, comparator, outcome) eligibility criteria. All eligible articles were evaluated independently by two reviewers for risk of bias according to the Quality In Prognosis Study tool.
Results
Overall, 48 studies with a total of 18 612 patients were included. MSI was found in 9·2 per cent of patients (1718 of 18 612), and was associated with female sex (odds ratio (OR) 1·57, 95 per cent c.i. 1·31 to 1·89; P < 0·001), older age (OR 1·58, 2·20 to 1·13; P < 0·001), intestinal Laurén histological type (OR 2·23, 1·94 to 2·57; P < 0·001), mid/lower gastric location (OR 0·38, 0·32 to 0·44; P < 0·001), lack of lymph node metastases (OR 0·70, 0·57 to 0·86, P < 0·001) and TNM stage I–II (OR 1·77, 1·47 to 2·13; P < 0·001). The pooled hazard ratio for overall survival of patients with MSI versus those with non‐MSI gastric cancer from 21 studies was 0·69 (95 per cent c.i. 0·56 to 0·86; P < 0·001).
Conclusion
MSI in gastric cancer was associated with good overall survival, reflected in several favourable clinicopathological tumour characteristics.
Microsatellite instabililty subgroup does better
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
It is well known that the path of a light ray incident on the inner reflecting wall of a circular cavity can be constructed by geometric means. Analogous to what is done in this more common ...geometric configuration, trajectories of light rays in a semicircular closed region with perfectly reflecting inner walls are found. A ruler-and-compass method for obtaining these trajectories is illustrated.
10.1119/10.0003797.1
The static and dynamic properties of an asymmetric rigid body are studied using a Lagrangian approach. The body consists of a thin-walled cylinder balanced by a point mass ...attached to its inner surface. When resting on an inclined plane, stable and unstable equilibrium points are found, and oscillations about the stable point are studied for different angles of inclination and different values of the balancing mass. The analysis illustrates the utility of Lagrangian mechanics, and the derived results can be experimentally verified using simple materials.
Bounces of a marble and Zeno’s paradox Luca, R De; Mauro, M Di; Naddeo, A
Journal of physics. Conference series,
05/2021, Volume:
1929, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Abstract
The coefficient of restitution of the bounces of a marble on a table is here studied and measured in terms of the total bouncing time. Interesting links arise with mathematics (geometric ...series) as well as philosophy (Zeno’s paradox), which make our proposal appealing for an interdisciplinary teaching-learning sequence. The relevance of this work for high school and undergraduate students is discussed with emphasis on students’ misconceptions when dealing with infinite processes.
Research is required to monitor changes in the nature of neurobehavioral deficits in extremely preterm (EP) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survivors. This study examines cognitive, academic, ...and behavioral outcomes at age 8 years for a regional cohort of EP/ELBW children born in 1997.
The EP/ELBW cohort comprised all live births with a gestational age <28 weeks (EP) or birth weight <1000 g (ELBW) born in the state of Victoria, Australia, in 1997. Of 317 live births, 201 (63.4%) survived to 2 years of age.A term/normal birth weight (T/NBW) cohort was recruited comprising 199 infants with birthweights ≥2500 g or gestational age ≥37 weeks corrected. Measures of intellectual ability, educational achievement, and behavior were administered at age 8.
Retention was 94% for the EP/ELBW group and 87% for the T/NBW group. The EP/ELBW group performed poorer than the T/NBW group on measures of IQ, educational achievement, and certain behavioral domains, even after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and exclusion of children with neurosensory impairment. The rate of any neurobehavioral impairment was elevated in the EP/ELBW group (71% vs 42%), and one-half of subjects had multiple impairments. The outcomes for those with <750 g birth weight or <26 weeks' gestational age were similar to those with a birth weight of 750 to 999 g or a gestational age of 26 to 27 weeks, respectively.
Despite ongoing improvements in the management of EP/ELBW infants, the rate of neurobehavioral impairment at school-age remains too high relative to controls.
•A mathematical model for fluid dynamics in a rotating bidispersive porous medium, horizontally isotropic, is introduced.•Linear and nonlinear stability analyses for thermal convection are ...performed.•The coincidence between linear instability and non-linear stability thresholds has been proved.•The influence of a uniform rotation on the onset of convection has been examined.
Linear and nonlinear stability analyses for thermal convection in a rotating bidispersive porous medium, horizontally isotropic, is performed. Since the coincidence between linear instability and non-linear stability thresholds has been proved, the linear theory captures completely the physics of the problem at stake.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract The temperature increase of the system Earth-atmosphere can be described by means of a parallelism between the leaking bucket’s dynamics and the energy balance between the incoming radiant ...power from the Sun and the outcoming net heat flow rate to outer space. The analogy is interesting from a didactical point of view, since the stable fixed point of the temperature can be related to the height of the water inside the leaking bucket in the presence of a fixed fluid flow rate. Qualitative predictions of global temperature increase for increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can be obtained by reducing the outcoming net heat flow rate, using buckets with smaller orifices.
This study examined fatigue in patients treated for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) over a 2-year period (3- to 27-months post-treatment completion), from the perspective of children and ...parent caregivers, compared to a healthy comparison group.
Eighty-three patients (4-16 years at enrolment) and their parents, reported on the child's fatigue using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory- Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (PedsQL-MFS), at 3- 15- and 27-months post-treatment completion, and 53 healthy children and their parents reported on fatigue across the same timepoints.
Parent proxy-reporting showed that parents of ALL patients reported more total fatigue than parents of the comparison group at all time points, with all subscales elevated (general, cognitive, and sleep/rest fatigue). In contrast, patient self-report of fatigue over this period differed from the comparison children for the general fatigue subscale only. Self-reported total fatigue was worse than the comparison group at the 27-month timepoint, with cognitive and sleep/rest fatigue symptoms contributing to this difference. Expected improvements in fatigue over time were not evident in either patient or parent report and no demographic risk factors were identified. Parents and children from both groups reported significantly more fatigue at all time points compared to commonly utilised normative population data.
Patients treated for childhood ALL are impacted by fatigue symptoms in the post-treatment and early survivorship period. These findings highlight that patients in the 2-years following treatment require increased symptom surveillance and may benefit particularly from interventions that target cognitive and sleep/rest fatigue.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
We propose a simple experiment designed to justify the arithmetic and geometric mean inequality by means of the laws of thermodynamics. The experiment consists in measuring the entropy ...variation
Δ
S
in the thermodynamic irreversible process of cooling a metal in water. By considering the metal and water as a single isolated system, the arithmetic and geometric theorem is seen to hold by noticing that
Δ
S
is positive for this irreversible transformation. These interdisciplinary activities may be used to reinforce basic concepts in thermodynamics in high school or first-year college students.
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