Highly efficient neutral and ionic imidazole-based organocatalysts have been developed for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide. The ionic derivatives performed as ...bifunctional catalysts and exhibited improved activity for the fixation of CO2 compared to the neutral compounds. Mechanistic studies revealed that the hydroxyl group promoted the activation of the epoxide facilitating the epoxide ring-opening by nucleophilic attack of the iodide.
Observational studies have shown an increased lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women who experienced a hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. This risk is related to the severity of the ...pregnancy-related hypertensive disease and gestational age at onset. However, it has not been investigated whether these differences in CVD risk factors are already present at postpartum cardiovascular screening. We evaluated postpartum differences in CVD risk factors in 3 subgroups of patients with a history of hypertensive pregnancy. We compared the prevalence of common CVD risk factors postpartum among 448 women with previous early-onset preeclampsia, 76 women with previous late-onset preeclampsia, and 224 women with previous pregnancy-induced hypertension. Women with previous early-onset preeclampsia were compared with women with late-onset preeclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension and had significantly higher fasting blood glucose (5.29 versus 4.80 and 4.83 mmol/L), insulin (9.12 versus 6.31 and 6.7 uIU/L), triglycerides (1.32 versus 1.02 and 0.97 mmol/L), and total cholesterol (5.14 versus 4.73 and 4.73 mmol/L). Almost half of the early-onset preeclampsia women had developed hypertension, as opposed to 39% and 25% of women in the pregnancy-induced hypertension and late-onset preeclampsia groups, respectively. Our data show differences in the prevalence of common modifiable CVD risk factors postpartum and suggest that prevention strategies should be stratified according to severity and gestational age of onset for the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
•The ratio electrochemical/total energy in electro-irradiated processes is evaluated.•Electrochemical/photoelectrochemical energy ratio is more favorable in small scales.•The use of irradiation ...inhibit the reduction of nitrate to ammonium.•Chloro-species show a similar behavior in absence and presence of irradiation.•High radiation power does not entail a high efficiency/energy consumption ratio.
This work focuses on the scale-up of irradiated-assisted electrochemical processes with diamond anodes for the removal of clopyralid from washing soil wastes. In particular, it is studied the influence of the ratio electrochemical power/total power in the performance of conductive diamond photoelectrochemical oxidation (CDPEO) and conductive diamond sonoelectrochemical oxidation (CDSEO) at high and low ultrasounds frequencies. The comparison is carried out in terms of mineralization, clopyralid decay, reaction intermediates and inorganic speciation. The CDPEO-7.7 W tests carried out in a single cell and in a stack of cells show that the stack seems to be less efficient in terms of clopyralid removal and mineralization than the single cell. The ratio electrochemical energy/photoelectrochemical energy is more favorable in small devices, where the photolytic energy is not only a complement but a primary treatment. Regarding inorganic speciation, chloro-species show a similar behavior in absence and presence of US or UV irradiation. Opposite, irradiation seems to inhibit the reduction of nitrate to ammonium, independently on the irradiation power used. In terms of energy efficiency, an increase of the radiation power does not entail a high efficiency/energy consumption ratio, and CDPEO-7.7 W and CDSEO-24 kHz-100 W show efficiency/energy consumption ratios 3.7 and 2.3 times higher than that of CDSEO-10 MHz-450 W.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
44.
Long-lasting effects of undernutrition Martins, Vinicius J B; Toledo Florêncio, Telma M M; Grillo, Luciane P ...
International journal of environmental research and public health,
06/2011, Volume:
8, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Undernutrition is one of the most important public health problems, affecting more than 900 million individuals around the World. It is responsible for the highest mortality rate in children and has ...long-lasting physiologic effects, including an increased susceptibility to fat accumulation mostly in the central region of the body, lower fat oxidation, lower resting and postprandial energy expenditure, insulin resistance in adulthood, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and a reduced capacity for manual work, among other impairments. Marked changes in the function of the autonomic nervous system have been described in undernourished experimental animals. Some of these effects seem to be epigenetic, passing on to the next generation. Undernutrition in children has been linked to poor mental development and school achievement as well as behavioural abnormalities. However, there is still a debate in the literature regarding whether some of these effects are permanent or reversible. Stunted children who had experienced catch-up growth had verbal vocabulary and quantitative test scores that did not differ from children who were not stunted. Children treated before 6 years of age in day-hospitals and who recovered in weight and height have normal body compositions, bone mineral densities and insulin production and sensitivity.
We investigated the prognostic role of high MICs for antistaphylococcal agents in patients with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus catheter-related bloodstream infection (MSSA CRBSI). We ...prospectively reviewed 83 episodes from 5 centers in Spain during April 2011-June 2014 that had optimized clinical management and analyzed the relationship between E-test MICs for vancomycin, daptomycin, oxacillin, and linezolid and development of complicated bacteremia by using multivariate analysis. Complicated MSSA CRBSI occurred in 26 (31.3%) patients; MICs for vancomycin and daptomycin were higher in these patients (optimal cutoff values for predictive accuracy = 1.5 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL). High MICs for vancomycin (hazard ratio 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-5.5) and daptomycin (hazard ratio 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.9) were independent risk factors for development of complicated MSSA CRBSI. Our data suggest that patients with MSSA CRBSI caused by strains that have high MICs for vancomycin or daptomycin are at increased risk for complications.
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It is of paramount importance to characterize the individual hemodynamic response of patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) to select the best therapeutic intervention. Our ...aim in this study was to describe the hemodynamic changes in 40 patients with POTS during the head-up tilt test and compare them with 48 healthy patients. Hemodynamic parameters were obtained by cardiac bioimpedance. Patients were compared in supine position and after 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes of orthostatic position. Patients with POTS demonstrated higher heart rate (74 beats per minute 64 to 80 vs 67 62 to 72, p <0.001) and lower stroke volume (SV) (83.0 ml 72 to 94 vs 90 79 to 112, p <0.001) at supine position. The response to orthostatic challenge was characterized by a decrease in SV index (SVI) in both groups (ΔSVI in ml/m2: −16 −25 to −7. vs −11 −17 to −6.1, p = NS). Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) was reduced only in POTS (ΔPVR in dyne.seg/cm5:−52 −279 to 163 vs 326 58 to 535, p <0.001). According to the best cut-off points obtained using the receiver operating characteristic analysis for the variation of SVI (−15.5%) and PVR index (PVRI) (−5.5%), we observed 4 distinct groups of POTS: 10% presented an increase in both SVI and PVRI after the orthostatic challenge, 35% presented a PVRI decrease with SVI maintenance or increase, 37.5% presented an SVI decrease with PVRI maintenance or elevation, and 17.5% presented a reduction in both variables. Body mass index, ΔSVI, and ΔPVRI were strongly correlated with POTS (area under the curve = 0.86 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 0.92, p <0.0001). In conclusion, the use of appropriate cut-off points for hemodynamic parameters using bioimpedance cardiography during the head-up tilt test could be a useful strategy to identify the main mechanism involved and to select the best individual therapeutic strategy in POTS.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In 2020, approximately 10 million people died of cancer, rendering this disease the second leading cause of death worldwide. Detecting cancer in its early stages is paramount for patients’ prognosis ...and survival. Hence, the scientific and medical communities are engaged in improving both therapeutic strategies and diagnostic methodologies, beyond prevention. Optical vibrational spectroscopy has been shown to be an ideal diagnostic method for early cancer diagnosis and surgical margins assessment, as a complement to histopathological analysis. Being highly sensitive, non-invasive and capable of real-time molecular imaging, Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies give information on the biochemical profile of the tissue under analysis, detecting the metabolic differences between healthy and cancerous portions of the same sample. This constitutes tremendous progress in the field, since the cancer-prompted morphological alterations often occur after the biochemical imbalances in the oncogenic process. Therefore, the early cancer-associated metabolic changes are unnoticed by the histopathologist. Additionally, Raman and FTIR spectroscopies significantly reduce the subjectivity linked to cancer diagnosis. This review focuses on breast and head and neck cancers, their clinical needs and the progress made to date using vibrational spectroscopy as a diagnostic technique prior to surgical intervention and intraoperative margin assessment.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of functional constipation and its association with overweight, physical activity and the estimation of fat and fiber intake in adolescents.
Methods: In all, 386 ...adolescents aged 14-19 years from the city of Maceió (Alagoas, Northeast Brazil) were included in this study. Participants responded to standardized questionnaires that assessed bowel habits, physical activity and the estimation of fat and dietary fiber intake. Functional constipation was defined according to the Rome criteria. Weight and height were measured using standard methods. Body mass index (BMI) was used to evaluate whether a participant was overweight.
Results: The prevalence of constipation was 24.9%. The median BMI was higher in female adolescents with constipation (22.6) compared with female adolescents without constipation (20.0; p = .001). Physical inactivity (fewer than 300 min of physical activity per week) was more frequent in females (62.7%; 126/201) than in males (42.2%; 78/185; p = .000). No association was observed between physical inactivity and functional constipation. Excessive intake of fat in the diet was found in 45.3% (175/386) of participants, while poor dietary fiber intake was found in 84.2% (325/386) of participants. No association was found between a fat-rich diet and constipation. Low dietary fiber intake was associated with constipation in female adolescents (odds ratio = 3.42, 95% confidence interval: 1.08 and 12.06).
Conclusions: The prevalence of constipation was high among this group of adolescents. Constipation was not associated with physical inactivity but was associated with a low dietary fiber intake and higher BMI values in female adolescents.
We report herein a set of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) derivatives based on triazoles and triazolium salts for HIV-1 infection. The compounds were synthesized via click chemistry with Cu(I) and ...Ru(II) catalysts. Triazolium salts were synthesized by reaction with methyl iodide or methyl triflate in good yields. The antiviral activity of the compounds was tested using two methodologies: In method one the activity was measured on infected cells; in method two a pre-exposure prophylaxis experimental model was employed. For method one the activity of the compounds was moderate, and in general the triazolium salts showed a decreased activity in relation to their triazole precursors. With method two the antiviral activity was higher. All compounds were able to decrease the infection, with two compounds able to clear almost all the infection, while a lower antiviral activity was noted for the triazolium salts. These results suggest that these drugs could play an important role in the development of pre-exposure prophylaxis therapies.
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The Dendropsophus decipiens clade comprises four species: D. berthalutzae, D. decipiens, D. haddadi, and D. oliveirai. Tadpoles of these species were described, but data on their internal morphology ...are lacking. We provide the first description of the buccopharyngeal anatomy, chondrocranial morphology, and cranial, hyoid and hyobranchial musculature of the tadpole of D. decipiens. Larvae of D. decipiens are characterized by the absence of lingual papillae, presence of fan-like papilla on the buccal floor, presence of a single-element suprarostral cartilage, presence of a small triangular process at the basis of the processus muscularis, m. levator mandibulae lateralis inserted on the nasal sac, and m. subarcualis rectus II-IV with a single, continuous slip. Tadpoles are likely macrophagous, although not as specialized as those of other species of the genus, suggesting some degree of diversification on the feeding habits within Dendropsophus.
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