How can open source infrastructure support a modernized, accelerated book production workflow? The California Digital Library, the University of California Press and the Collaborative Knowledge ...Foundation collaborated to design a new platform – Editoria – to do exactly this, following a new user-driven design method to result in a simple, people-centric interface. This case study details the main problem facing publishers who are restrained by outdated, print-oriented production platforms, the ‘reimagining’ exercise and the iterative design process that has resulted in new technology which can be adopted, adapted and integrated by publishers.
Traditional literacy skills often neglect to develop students' critical understanding of how information and knowledge are formed, and the unequal power relations at the heart of this process. There ...are deep, entrenched biases within criminology curriculum content, and empowering students to use critical information literacy skills is an important part of recognising and disrupting knowledge hierarchies in relation to race, class, and gender. This paper builds on research exploring the content of student reading lists from the curriculum of a new criminology degree programme at an English university. Focus groups and one-to-one interviews were held with 20 undergraduate criminology students to explore how students interact with the course reading lists and how they consider and engage with the sources they use. We argue for critical information literacy to be embedded within our teaching of criminology, and for lecturers and students to more pro-actively consider the sources they use.
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Neuroinflammation has been implicated in various brain pathologies characterized by hypoxia and ischemia. Astroglia play an important role in the initiation and propagation of ...hypoxia/ischemia-induced inflammation by secreting inflammatory chemokines that attract neutrophils and monocytes into the brain. However, triggers of chemokine up-regulation by hypoxia/ischemia in these cells are poorly understood. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a dimeric transcriptional factor consisting of HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta subunits. HIF-1 binds to HIF-1-binding sites in the target genes and activates their transcription. We have recently shown that hypoxia-induced expression of IL-1beta in astrocytes is mediated by HIF-1alpha. In this study, we demonstrate the role of HIF-1alpha in hypoxia-induced up-regulation of inflammatory chemokines, human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and mouse MCP-5 (Ccl12), in human and mouse astrocytes, respectively.
Primary fetal human astrocytes or mouse astrocytes generated from HIF-1alpha+/+ and HIF-1alpha+/- mice were subjected to hypoxia (<2% oxygen) or 125 muM CoCl2 for 4 h and 6 h, respectively. The expression of HIF-1alpha, MCP-1 and MCP-5 was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, western blot or ELISA. The interaction of HIF-1alpha with a HIF-1-binding DNA sequence was examined by EMSA and supershift assay. HIF-1-binding sequence in the promoter of MCP-1 gene was cloned and transcriptional activation of MCP-1 by HIF-1alpha was analyzed by reporter gene assay.
Sequence analyses identified HIF-1-binding sites in the promoters of MCP-1 and MCP-5 genes. Both hypoxia and HIF-1alpha inducer, CoCl2, strongly up-regulated HIF-1alpha expression in astrocytes. Mouse HIF-1alpha+/- astrocytes had lower basal levels of HIF-1alpha and MCP-5 expression. The up-regulation of MCP-5 by hypoxia or CoCl2 in HIF-1alpha+/+ and HIF-1alpha+/- astrocytes was correlated with the levels of HIF-1alpha in cells. Both hypoxia and CoCl2 also up-regulated HIF-1alpha and MCP-1 expression in human astrocytes. EMSA assay demonstrated that HIF-1 activated by either hypoxia or CoCl2 binds to wild-type HIF-1-binding DNA sequence, but not the mutant sequence. Furthermore, reporter gene assay demonstrated that hypoxia markedly activated MCP-1 transcription but not the mutated MCP-1 promoter in transfected astrocytes.
These findings suggest that both MCP-1 and MCP-5 are HIF-1 target genes and that HIF-1alpha is involved in transcriptional induction of these two chemokines in astrocytes by hypoxia.
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The macrophyte swamp stonecrop has invaded a wide range of wetland habitats across Europe. An experiment was conducted within an invaded fen habitat, which tested whether the presence of grazing ...disturbance affected the relative abundance of swamp stonecrop, and whether any detected effect was suppressive or facilitative. The abundance of swamp stonecrop and co-occurring resident plants was monitored within fenced grazing exclosures and in adjacent unfenced plots. Swamp stonecrop abundance was higher in the unfenced plots compared to the fenced exclosures (t₍₈₇₎ = 28.974, P < 0.001), whereas the abundance of co-occurring plants was higher in the fenced exclosures compared to the unfenced plots (t₍₈₇₎ = 6.264, P < 0.001). These results indicate that the presence of large vertebrates could facilitate a higher abundance of swamp stonecrop in situations where competitive resident plant species were selectively removed by these grazing animals.Nomenclature: Swamp stonecrop, rassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne.Management Implications: It is important to understand the efficacy of management practices designed to increase native plant diversity in communities that have been invaded by a nonnative invasive plant. The results from this study suggest that in fen habitats, disturbance from vertebrate grazing animals along drawdown zones facilitates the development of high Australian swamp stonecrop (Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne) abundance. If replications of this experimental design produce concurrent results, it could be concluded that wetland habitat grazed by livestock is particularly vulnerable to C. helmsii colonization and the extensive spread of this species. It would therefore follow that land managers of such habitat should enforce biosecurity measures to reduce the likelihood of C. helmsii propagules being introduced, and should invest time into frequently checking grazed drawdown zones for colonizing C. helmsii and act quickly to eliminate any that is found. It is advisable to prevent grazing livestock access to drawdown zones where C. helmsii already occurs, or in areas near to where C. helmsii occurs, in order to limit C. helmsii plant community dominance. Such actions would, however, present a dilemma for land managers, who would otherwise use livestock to create patches of vegetation with an open structure in order to encourage native plant species that require this type of microhabitat.
How can open source infrastructure support a modernized, accelerated book production workflow? The California Digital Library, the University of California Press and the Collaborative Knowledge ...Foundation collaborated to design a new platform - Editoria - to do exactly this, following a new user-driven design method to result in a simple, people-centric interface. This case study details the main problem facing publishers who are restrained by outdated, print-oriented production platforms, the 'reimagining' exercise and the iterative design process that has resulted in new technology which can be adopted, adapted and integrated by publishers.Keywords: Open source, infrastructure, book publishing, scholarly communications
Optimal pharmacotherapy entails a safe delivery method that specifically targets auditory structure(s) of interest. A retrocochlear neuronal tracer may enable comparison of various pharmacotherapy ...delivery methods and localization of the drug along the auditory pathway.
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can involve cochlear hair cell or neural cell death, which often is accompanied by secondary degeneration of central auditory neurons. Targeting the precise location of nerve degeneration is important for treatment success. To be clinically relevant, the method of drug delivery must be safe and reliable while being maximally absorbed by the relevant inner ear structures of interest.
We compared 3 methods of FluoroGold (FG) delivery, a retrograde neuronal tracer, in delineating the retrocochlear auditory pathway using a normal-hearing strain of CBA mice. FG was delivered either intratympanic (IT), intracochlear (IC), or through the round window (RW). Five days after FG injection, mice were sacrificed for cell counts in the cochlear nucleus (CN), superior olivary complex (SOC), and the lateral lemniscus (LL).
Although neurons in the CN and SOC were abundantly labeled by FG in all 3 injection methods, the IT method was the most reproducible and specific. The average cells for the CN, SOC, and LL were 851 ± 121, 2629 ± 367, and 112 ± 30, respectively. Accurate cell counts could not be established for the IC and RW injection methods because of nonspecific cell staining. Only 1 of the 5 IC-injected mice had specific labeling along the retrocochlear auditory pathway. Cell counts for the single mouse with specific IC staining in the CN, SOC, and LL were 177, 1839, and 56, respectively. Similarly, 2 of the 5 RW-injected mice had specific labeling, whereas the rest were nonspecific. The average cell counts for the 2 mice with specific labeling in the CN, SOC, and LL was 723.5 ± 580.0, 2173.5 ± 998.0, and 131.5 ± 8.0, respectively.
The IT injection method resulted in reproducible, specific staining of neuronal cells along the retrocochlear auditory pathway compared with the RW or IC route of delivery.
Cochlear implantation (CI) is currently the main device option for children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) who receive minimal benefit from conventional amplification. This study ...examines potential prognostic factors associated with post-CI speech performance in this population.
Retrospective chart review.
Academic center.
ANSD patients without inner ear abnormalities implanted with unilateral or bilateral CI between 1998 and 2010.
CI and speech perception testing.
Post-CI speech perception testing at 50 dBHL. "Good" performers were defined as patients with greater than 70% speech perception and "poor" performers less than 70%. Medical comorbidity, educational information, and social history were gathered.
Twenty-seven patients met inclusion criteria. Mean age at diagnosis, first CI, and second CI in good performers were 2.5 ± 3.4, 3.4 ± 3.6, and 3.8 ± 1.6 years, respectively, compared with 9.7 ± 7.8, 14.8 ± 12.9, and 8.9 ± 3.5 in poor performers. Mean speech perception after first and second implantation for good performers trended at 85% and 90%, respectively, compared with 36% and 73% in poor performers. Better pre-CI PTA correlated with better post-CI speech perception. Patients with bilateral CI demonstrated better speech perception outcomes compared with unilateral CI use. Poor performers had later age of implantation, lower socioeconomic status, and lack of family support compared with good performers.
ANSD patients who do not benefit from conventional amplification do well when implanted at a young age with proper access to education and habilitation training. Medical, social, and economic information may be helpful in predicting positive outcomes.
A professional doctorate of a librarian is detailed. She started working in academic libraries in 2001, qualified as a librarian in 2003, and have been in the role of academic liaison librarian since ...2008. She carried on doing small bits of research, and invited to join practitioner research groups based in the education subject area at work.
Can Richer Metadata Rescue Research? Kemp, Jennifer; Dean, Clare; Chodacki, John
The Serials librarian,
5/31/2018, 2018-05-31, Volume:
74, Issue:
1-4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This article reflects the discussion of metadata challenges faced by the scholarly communications community at this year's NASIG conference. Exploring the potential opportunities for the enrichment ...of metadata, we consider the evolving role of the metadata librarian and review opportunities for all librarians to contribute to an important new collaboration for the wider benefit of scholarly communications. The Metadata 2020 collaboration was the context for the session, which focused on barriers to progress and the role of nonbibliographic metadata in the evolution of library services.
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