During a survey of polypores in the montane forest of the Ôbo de São Tomé National Park, in the western African, equatorial island of São Tomé, a specimen that was, a priori, related to
Fomitopsis
...showed deviating features including subglobose basidiospores with a large gutta. The gross morphology of the basidiome, the hyphal system, the subglobose basidiospores and a brown rot pointed toward
Niveoporofomes
. Phylogenetic inferences based on multiple loci dataset (ITS-LSU-SSU-
TEF1
-
RPB2
) confirmed the placement, and
Niveoporofomes oboensis
is described as new. The species is compared to
Fomitopsis widdringtoniae
, known from southeast Africa, which is characterized also by subglobose basidiospores; hence, the new combination
N
.
widdringtoniae
is proposed. The new combination
Niveoporofomes globosporus
(basionym
Trametes globospora
) is also proposed based on phylogenetic analyses. A key to the species of
Fomitopsis
,
Niveoporofomes
,
Rhodofomes
and
Rhodofomitopsis
in Tropical Africa is presented.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
With heimionones A-E (
-
), five new terpenoids were isolated from submerged cultures of
sp. in addition to the previously described compounds hispidin, hypholomin B, and heimiomycins A and B. Planar ...structures of the metabolites were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR in addition to HRESIMS data. While ROESY data assigned relative configurations, absolute configurations were determined by the synthesis of MTPA esters of
,
, and
. The 6.3.0 undecane core structure of compounds
-
is of the asteriscane-type, however, the scaffold of
and
with their bicyclo 5.3.0 decane core and germinal methyl substitution is, to our knowledge, unprecedented. Together with several new compounds that were previously isolated from solid cultures of this strain,
sp. showed an exceptionally high chemical diversity of its secondary metabolite profile.
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During the course of screening for new metabolites from basidiomycetes, we isolated and characterized five previously undescribed secondary metabolites, skeletocutins M-Q (
-
), along with the known ...metabolite tyromycin A (
) from the fruiting bodies of the polypore
sp. The new compounds did not exhibit any antimicrobial, cytotoxic, or nematicidal activities. However, compound
moderately inhibited the biofilm formation of
(
), while compounds
and
performed moderately in the ʟ-leucine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (ʟ-Leu-AMC) inhibition assay. These compounds represent the first secondary metabolites reported to occur in the fruiting bodies by
. Interestingly, tyromycin A (
) was found to be the only common metabolite in fruiting bodies and mycelial cultures of the fungus, and none of the recently reported skeletocutins from the culture of the same strain were detected in the basidiomes.
Five new drimane-type sesquiterpenoids were isolated from cultures of the tropical basidiomycetes, Perenniporia centrali-africana (originating from Kenya) and Cerrena sp. nov. (originating from ...Thailand). A new pereniporin A derivative (1), a new drimane-type sesquiterpene lactam (2), and the new 6,7-Dehydro-isodrimenediol (3) were isolated from P. centrali-africana. In parallel, the two new drimane-type sesquiterpene lactams 5 and 6 were isolated together with known isodrimenediol (4) from Cerrena sp. This is the first report of drimane-type sesquiterpene lactams from basidiomycetes. The structures were elucidated based on 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data, in combination with high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometric (HR-ESIMS) data. The compounds were devoid of significant antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.
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Neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (ngf) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) play important roles in the central nervous system. They are potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment ...of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we investigated the neurotrophic properties of triterpenes isolated from fruiting bodies of Laetiporus sulphureus and a mycelial culture of Antrodia sp. MUCL 56049. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in combination with high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS). The secondary metabolites were tested for neurotrophin (ngf and bdnf) expression levels on human astrocytoma 1321N1 cells. Neurite outgrowth activity using rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells was also determined. Twelve triterpenoids were isolated, of which several potently stimulated the expression of neurotrophic factors, namely, ngf (sulphurenic acid, 15α-dehydroxytrametenolic acid, fomefficinic acid D, and 16α-hydroxyeburicoic acid) and bdnf (sulphurenic acid and 15α-dehydroxytrametenolic acid), respectively. The triterpenes also potentiated ngf-induced neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report on the compound class of lanostanes in direct relation to bdnf and ngf enhancement. These compounds are widespread in medicinal mushrooms; hence, they appear promising as a starting point for the development of drugs and mycopharmaceuticals to combat neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, they do not show any pronounced cytotoxicity and may, therefore, be better suited for therapy than many other neurotrophic compounds that were previously reported.
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Poria eichelbaumii
, a long-forgotten name, is transferred to
Haploporus
based on studies of the type specimen, comparison with new collections, and evidences from both morphology and phylogeny. The ...species is redescribed and illustrated.
Haploporus grandisporus
is described as new, on the basis of concordant morphological and phylogenetic species concepts. These two species form two very closely related clades within the
Haploporus
lineage in 28S-ITS-based phylogenetic inferences.
Haploporus eichelbaumii
and
H. grandisporus
are distinguished by the size of their basidiospores (11.5–14.5 × 5.0–6.0 μm, average = 12.7 × 5.8 μm, vs 14–17.5 × 6.0–7.3 μm, average 15.4 × 6.6 μm), the size of their pores (2.5–3.5 / mm, vs 1.5–2.5 / mm), and, likely, divergent autecologies. Although both species occur in montane ecosystems of the eastern African rift, the data so far available suggest they occupy different habitats.
Haploporus eichelbaumii
has wider distribution, spanning over both branches of the eastern rift, at elevation ~ 1500–2500 masl, in various vegetation types, mostly on small-sized dead branches or twigs, and dead bamboo culms. It is known so far from Kenya, Tanzania, and Malawi to the East, and western Burundi, western Uganda, and Eastern Congo (DRC) in the Albertine mountain ranges.
Haploporus grandisporus
is known, hitherto, only from the Eastern slopes of Mount Elgon in Kenya, at the timberline, 2900–3200 masl, mostly on dead heather branches (
Erica arborea
, Ericaceae) in heather thickets.
Haploporus nanosporus
is currently the third known
Haploporus
species from tropical Africa, known from the western edge of the Guineo-Congolian rain forest in Gabon and Cameroon. This species is also redescribed and illustrated.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A mycelial culture of the Kenyan basidiomycete
was fermented on rice and the cultures were extracted with methanol. Subsequent HPLC profiling and preparative chromatography of its crude extract led ...to the isolation of five previously undescribed pregnenolone type triterpenes
-
, for which we propose the trivial name aethiopinolones A-E. The chemical structures of the aethiopinolones were determined by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR, and HRMS data analysis. The compounds exhibited moderate cytotoxic effects against various human cancer cell lines, but they were found devoid of significant nematicidal and antimicrobial activities.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Fomitiporia nobilissima sp. nov., F. gabonensis sp. nov. and F. ivindoensis sp. nov., three species from the rainforest of the Guineo-Congolian phytogeographic region in Gabon, are described and ...illustrated. These species share a pileate basidiome, small basidiospores and an absence of setae. The critical morphological features that differentiate them are the pileus habit or shape, pore surface color, pore diameter and possibly ecology. Each new species forms distinct but closely related clades in phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from nuclear ribosomal LSU, ITS and translation elongation factor 1-α. Other species in sub-Saharan Africa are discussed briefly. A key to six species of Fomitiporia from sub-Saharan Africa is provided. The new combination Fomitiporia apiahyna is proposed.
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Chemical exploration of solid-state cultures of the polypore
afforded two new C31 lanostane-type triterpenoid glycosides, forpiniosides B (
) and C (
) together with two known derivatives, namely ...3-epipachymic acid (
) and (3α,25
)-3-
-malonyl-23-oxolanost-8,24(31)-dien-26-oic acid (
). The structures of the isolated compounds were established based on HRESIMS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments. All the isolated compounds were assessed for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Among the tested compounds, forpinioside B (
) exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against
and
at MIC values comparable to gentamycin and oxytetracycline (positive controls), respectively.
Abstract
Ips subelongatus
is a major pest that infects larch plantations over large areas of northern and northeastern China.
Ips
species are closely associated with ophiostomatoid fungi that are ...morphologically well-adapted for dispersal by beetles. These associations result in important threat for coniferous forests worldwide. The aim of this study was to characterize the ophiostomatoid communities associated with
I. subelongatus
infesting
Larix
species and sympatric
Pinus sylvestris
var.
mongolica
in northeastern China forests. Morphological and multilocus phylogenetic approaches (based on six markers: ITS, LSU, 60S, β-tubulin, EF-1α, and CAL gene regions) allowed identifying 14 species of four genera (
Ceratocystiopsis
,
Endoconidiophora
,
Leptographium
and
Ophiostoma
). Eight species are showed to be new to science. Most strains resided in two
Ophiostoma
species complexes, viz. the
O. clavatum
and the
O. ips
complexes, all together accounting for 76.8% of all isolates.
Ophiostoma hongxingense
sp. nov.,
O. peniculi
sp. nov., and
O. subelongati
sp. nov. (
O. clavatum
complex) and
O. pseudobicolor
sp. nov. (
O. ips
complex) were the four dominant species. The ophiostomatoid communities associated with larch bark beetles,
I. cembrae
and
I. subelongatus
, in Europe and Asia, China and Japan, also were compared. These comparisons showed distinct, specific assemblage patterns.
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