To systematically review the evidence on the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect visual acuity (VA) or visual field (VF) loss in children ...with a brain tumour.
PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to February 2021. We included studies evaluating retinal OCT and standard visual function parameters (VA and or VF) in children with a brain tumour. Two authors independently extracted data from each included study. They also assessed the methodological quality of the studies using the QUADAS-2 or QUIPS tool. The diagnostic accuracy of OCT was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The prognostic value of OCT was evaluated with predictive measures (odds ratio).
We included five diagnostic studies, with a total of 186 patients, all diagnosed with optic pathway glioma. No prognostic studies were eligible for inclusion. Included studies evaluated either retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness or ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) thickness. There was considerable heterogeneity between OCT devices, OCT protocols, visual function parameters and threshold values. Sensitivity and specificity for RNFL thickness measurement ranged from 60.0% to 100.0% and 76.6% to 100%, respectively. For GCL-IPL thickness measurement, area under the curve ranged from 0.91 to 0.98 for different diameters.
The literature regarding the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of OCT parameters in children with a brain tumour is scarce. Due to heterogeneity and a considerable risk of bias of included studies, we cannot draw solid conclusions regarding the accuracy of retinal OCT. Future research should investigate the potential of OCT as diagnostic and prognostic tool for the evaluation of the visual function and detection of visual impairment in children with any type of brain tumour.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to analyse the development of ocular complications and visual prognosis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis (JIA‐uveitis) compared to the previous ...decade in the light of new treatment guidelines.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort, 143 patients with JIA‐uveitis were stratified into two cohorts based on the year of diagnosis of uveitis, <2010 (n = 61) and ≥2010 (n = 82). Development of ocular complications and visual outcomes were analysed by univariate and multivariate methods. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids and immunomodifying medication (IMT) were documented.
Results
In total, 109 and 133 affected eyes, respectively, for cohort 1 (<2010) and cohort 2 (≥2010) were included for analysis. In the multivariate analysis with correction for paired eyes, patients in cohort 1 were at higher risk for cataract surgery (p = 0.03) and secondary glaucoma (p = 5.15 × 10−3). Also, the number of eyes that were legally blind and visually impaired at 5 years of follow‐up was significantly higher in cohort 1 (7% versus 2% and 8% versus 0%, p = 0.01 respectively). The number of patients that started IMT was significantly higher in cohort 2 (57% versus 98%, p = 2.17 × 10−6). In cohort 2, both methotrexate and anti‐TNF‐α therapy were prescribed earlier in the disease course (1.41 versus 0.05 years, p = 8.31 × 10−6 and 6.07 versus 1.84 years, p = 5.14 × 10−5 respectively).
Conclusions
The prognosis of JIA‐uveitis has improved during the last decade. There is a reduction in the number of cataract surgeries and secondary glaucoma and fewer patients lose their vision parallel with earlier access to tertiary care and earlier introduction of IMT.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Long-term daily practice data on patient-reported benefits of dupilumab for atopic dermatitis (AD) remains limited.
To evaluate patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and the safety of dupilumab ...in patients with moderate-to-severe AD over a follow-up period of up to 5 years.
Data were extracted from the prospective, multicenter BioDay registry (October 2017–2022) of patients with moderate-to-severe AD treated with dupilumab in daily practice.
In total 1223 patients, 1108 adults and 115 pediatric patients were included. After ≥1 year of treatment, mean Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Numeric rating scale (NRS)-pruritus ranged between 7.8 and 8.7, 3.5 and 4.2, and 2.9 and 3.1 in adults, respectively, whilst these patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) ranged between 8.9 and 10.9, 4.4 and 6.4, and 3.0 and 3.7 in pediatric patients, respectively. At follow-up, overall work impairment decreased from 40.1% to 16.3% to 13.3% in adults. Furthermore, class I obesity and itch-dominant patients generally had less favorable treatment response. Of all patients, 66.8% reported ≥1 adverse event, with conjunctivitis being the most common (33.7%).
The overall percentage of missing values for selected PROMs was 26% in adults and 46% in pediatric patients.
In addition to favorable safety, dupilumab has demonstrated sustained effectiveness across various PROMs, underscoring the treatment benefits from patients' perspectives.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Cardiovascular risk management in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is gaining increased attention due to the rising incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease in this ...population. Despite the availability of efficacious treatment strategies, implementation of guideline advocated preventive therapy, such as lipid-lowering therapy with statins, is hampered by perceived, expected, and real side effects as well as by expected interactions with combination antiretroviral therapy. These obstacles to optimal treatment have resulted in a large gap between the number of patients in whom lipid-lowering therapy is indicated and those actually taking lipid-lowering medication. In the past few years, research has shown that the majority of patient-reported side effects is not causally related to statin therapy but is attributable to the nocebo effect. Furthermore, excessive caution due to expected drug interactions between statins and antiretroviral therapy is often unnecessary, especially with novel classes of antiretroviral therapy. The main aim of this review is to discuss the causes and consequences of this lipid-lowering treatment gap in HIV-infected patients together with a practical guide on how to overcome these obstacles. In addition, new treatment options on the optimal cardiovascular management focusing primarily on novel classes of antiretroviral therapy and lipid-lowering medication will be discussed.
Background
Evidence on safety and effectiveness of omalizumab for treatment of chronic urticaria in pediatric patients is scarce and limited to case reports. In particular, drug survival of ...omalizumab has not yet been investigated, which is a key element in the evaluation of its clinical performance. The aim of this study was to investigate safety, effectiveness, and drug survival rates of omalizumab in a daily practice cohort of pediatric patients with chronic urticaria (CU).
Methods
This is a multicenter study including all pediatric patients from an academic center (Wilhelmina Children's Hospital) and a general center (Diakonessenhuis Hospital) in the Netherlands, who started omalizumab treatment before the age of 18 years. Data on safety, effectiveness, time to discontinuation, and reasons for discontinuation of treatment were assessed. Drug survival of omalizumab was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis.
Results
A total of 38 patients, who started treatment between January 2014 and January 2020, were included. Most patients (68.4%) used omalizumab without reporting any side effects and a complete or good response to treatment was achieved in 76.3% of patients. The 1‐ and 2‐year drug survival rates were 62% and 50%, respectively, with well‐controlled disease activity as the most frequent reason for discontinuation in 69.2% of patients, followed by ineffectiveness in 23.1% and side effects in 7.7% of patients.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates high safety and effectiveness of omalizumab treatment in pediatric patients with CU, which will aid clinical decision making and management of expectations when choosing omalizumab treatment for pediatric patients with CU.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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