The antioxidant activity of the amino acid glutamine was investigated to obtain protection against peroxidative damage in rat kidney and nephrotoxicity induced by the treatment with a single dose of ...the antitumoral cisplatin (5
mg
kg
−1 body weight). The animals were divided into four treatment and control groups of six rats each (
n=6). Cisplatin was injected i.p. and glutamine (300
mg
kg
−1 body weight) was given by gavage 24
h before the cisplatin injection. After 24
h and 7 days of cisplatin administration, the rats were sacrificed. A single dose of cisplatin resulted in significant reduction in body weight and creatinine clearance, and higher urinary volumes were observed in all groups treated with this antitumor drug (
P<0.05). Renal tissue from cisplatin-treated rats showed an increase in malondialdehyde production and increase in glutathione contents 24
h and 7 days after cisplatin administration. Pretreatment of rats with glutamine substantially inhibited the increase in the levels of renal glutathione induced by cisplatin 24
h after the i.p. injection. The malondialdehyde in the renal tissues was significantly reduced 7 days after cisplatin treatment. However, the reduction in the peroxidative damage did not reach the value of the control group. The protective effects obtained by glutamine pretreatment in peroxidative alterations were not observed in the other parameters studied. These results suggest that glutamine partially protect against cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation damage, but it was not enough to inhibit cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract Objective To offer a comprehensive account of surgical outcomes on a defined series of patients treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) for prostate cancer in a single European ...Center after 5-year minimum follow-up according to the Survival, Continence and Potency (SCP) system. Material and methods We evaluated our Institutional database of patients who underwent RRP from November 1995 to September 2008. Oncological and functional outcomes were reported according to the recently proposed SCP system. Results The 5- and 10-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rates were 80.1% and 55.8%, respectively. At the end of follow-up, 611 (78.5%) patients were fully continent (C0), 107 (13.8%) used 1 pad for security (C1) and 60 (7.7%) patients were incontinent (C2). Of the 112 patients who underwent nerve-sparing RRP, 22 (19.6%) were fully potent without aids (P0), 13 (11.6%) were potent with assumption of PDE-5 inhibitors (P1) and 77 (68.8%) experienced erectile dysfunction (P2). The combined SCP outcomes were reported together only in 95 (12.2%) evaluable patients. In patients preoperatively continent and potent, who received a nerve-sparing and did not require adjuvant therapy, oncological and functional success was attained by 29 (30.5%) patients. In the subgroup of 508 patients not evaluable for potency recovery, oncological and continence outcomes were obtained in 357 patients (70.3%). Conclusion Survival, Continence and Potency (SCP) classification offer a comprehensive report of surgical results, even in those patients who do not represent the best category, thus allowing to provide a much more accurate evaluation of outcomes after RP.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Radical orchiectomy (RO) is still considered the standard of care for malignant germ cell tumours, which represent the vast majority of the palpable testicular masses. In those patients diagnosed ...with small testicular masses (STMs), testis-sparing surgery (TSS) could be an alternative treatment to RO. The aim of this updated review is to evaluate the current indications for TSS, and discuss the oncological and functional results of patients who had undergone organ-sparing surgery for STMs.
A non-systematic review of the Literature using the Medline database has been performed, including a free-text protocol using the terms "testis-sparing surgery", "testicular sparing surgery", "partial orchiectomy", "testis tumour", "sex cord tumour", and "testis function". Other significant studies cited in the reference lists of the selected papers were also evaluated.
No randomized controlled trials comparing TSS with radical orchiectomy have been reported yet. In those patients with normal contra-lateral testis, the use of TSS is still controversial. In selected cases of gonadal masses < 2 cm, TSS seems to be a safe and feasible treatment option. Frozen section examination allows us to discriminate between benign and malignant neoplasms during TSS. Intermediate and long-term follow-up results showed no significant risk of local and distant recurrences in the main series reported in the literature.
TSS is an effective treatment for STMs in selected patients, limiting the unnecessary surgical over-treatments, without compromising the oncological and functional outcomes. Further studies are needed in order to confirm the oncological safety.
To evaluate the correlations between PADUA and RENAL scores, WIT and postoperative complications in a cohort of patients who underwent elective open or minimally invasive nephron sparing surgery for ...renal cell carcinoma.
We analyzed 96 consecutive patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma between 2004 and 2013 at our Institution. The Spearman test was used to compare categorical variables. For all statistical analyses, a two-sided P < .05 was considered statistically significant.
The median (IQR) PADUA score was 7 (7-8) and the median (IQR) RENAL score was 7 (6-8). The median (IQR) warm ischemia time was 14 min (8-20). Low grade and high grade postoperative complications were found in 27 (28.1%) and 6 (6.3%) patients, respectively. PADUA risk group categories significantly correlated with WIT > 20 minutes and high grade postoperative complications, respectively (P = .04), regardless of the surgical approach. RENAL risk group categories significantly predicted longer hilar clamping time in our cohort (P = .04), but no statistically significant correlations with high grade postoperative complications were found.
In our retrospective series nephrometric scores demonstrated to significantly predict longer warm ischemia time and higher postoperative complications, especially in those patients with more challenging and complex renal tumors. Therefore, when planning to perform partial nephrectomy, urologists should widely use these comprehensive tools.
Abstract Objective To evaluate the correlations between PADUA and RENAL scores, WIT and postoperative complications in a cohort of patients who underwent elective open or minimally invasive nephron ...sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma. Materials and methods We analyzed 96 consecutive patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma between 2004 and 2013 at our Institution. The Spearman test was used to compare categorical variables. For all statistical analyses, a two-sided p < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results The median (IQR) PADUA score was 7 (7–8) and the median (IQR) RENAL score was 7 (6–8). The median (IQR) warm ischemia time was 14 min (8–20). Low grade and high grade postoperative complications were found in 27 (28.1%) and 6 (6.3%) patients, respectively. PADUA risk group categories significantly correlated with WIT > 20 min and high grade postoperative complications, respectively ( p = .04), regardless of the surgical approach. RENAL risk group categories significantly predicted longer hilar clamping time in our cohort ( p = .04), but no statistically significant correlations with high grade postoperative complications were found. Conclusions In our retrospective series nephrometric scores demonstrated to significantly predict longer warm ischemia time and higher postoperative complications, especially in those patients with more challenging and complex renal tumors. Therefore, when planning to perform partial nephrectomy, urologists should widely use these comprehensive tools.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Several studies have suggested that dietary supplementation with antioxidants can influence the response to chemotherapy as well as the development of adverse side effects that result from treatment ...with antineoplastic agents. The emphasis of the present study was to investigate whether the administration of a single dose of oral glutamine had any protective effect against cisplatin-induced clastogenicity. Cisplatin was administered to Wistar rats either alone or after treatment with glutamine. The rats were treated with glutamine (300
mg/kg b.w.) by gavage 24
h before the administration of cisplatin (5
mg/kg b.w., i.p.) and then sacrificed 24
h after treatment with cisplatin. Glutamine significantly reduced (by about 48%) the clastogenicity of cisplatin in rat bone marrow cells. The antioxidant action of glutamine presumably modulates the clastogenic action of cisplatin.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
7.
EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION ON ARSENIC UPTAKE BY WHEAT GROWN IN POLLUTED SOILS Pigna, M(Universitá di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e dell'Ambiente); Cozzolino, V(Universitá di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e dell'Ambiente); Giandonato Caporale, A(Universitá di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e dell'Ambiente) ...
Journal of soil science and plant nutrition,
2010, 2010-00-00, Volume:
10, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
In this study we have examinated the results of two experiments on the uptake and distribution of arsenic (As) in roots, shoots, and grain of wheat grown in As-polluted soils and in an unpolluted ...soil irrigated with As-contaminated water in absence or presence of phosphorus (P) fertilization. Arsenic concentrations in wheat samples of the two experiments are higher than those in the plants grown on uncontaminated soil. In the experiments showed in this work, it is highlighted the role of P fertilization in preventing As uptake and translocation in wheat plants. These findings could have important implications to reduce the potential risk posed to human health by As entering the food-chain.
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