Antimony (Sb) poses a significant ecological threat. This study combines biochemical, pathological, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses to assess the short-term (14-day) toxic impact of two Sb ...levels (25 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg) on earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Higher Sb concentration caused severe intestinal damage, elevated metallothionein (MT) levels, and reduced antioxidant capacity. Metabolome analysis identifies 404 and 1698 significantly differential metabolites in the two groups. Metabolites such as S(-)-cathinone, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, serotonin, 4-hydroxymandelonitrile, and 5-fluoropentylindole contributed to the metabolic responses to Sb stress. Transcriptome analysis shows increased chitin synthesis as a protective response, impacting amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism for cell wall synthesis and damage repair. Integrated analysis indicated that 5 metabolite-gene pairs were found in two Sb levels and 11 enriched pathways were related to signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, immune system, amino acid metabolism, digestive system, and nervous system. Therefore, the integration of multiomics approaches enhanced our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of Sb in E. fetida.
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•The toxicity of Sb on earthworms was evaluated at the molecular level.•Earthworms increased the synthesis of chitin and enhanced metabolism to minimize Sb exposure.•Sb affected the energy metabolism, neural activity, and amino acid and protein synthesis in E. fetida.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant global impacts on human society. With the evolution of cities during this period, urban facilities can rise and fall, showing different spatial ...patterns and function structures in local areas. Analyzing the change of urban facilities before and after the pandemic can assist to understand the impact of the COVID-19 on cities, which is especially important for the Wuhan city. In this paper, we first characterized the “birth”, “death” and “retention” of urban facilities through matching POIs (Points of Interest) before and after the pandemic, and then examined their spatial distribution patterns across the city. In addition, spatial association patterns mining was applied to explore the interactions between the change of urban facilities and the environmental factors. The results revealed that the catering service has decreased the most in the wake of the pandemic, while accommodation service has grown the most. The state changes of catering service, living service and shopping service frequently appear together in the data mining results. During the pandemic, these types of urban facility changes are closely linked to each other. Many regional urban functions have also changed due to the epidemic, which are most obvious in the community. This update can facilitate the management of gated communities after the pandemic.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The accurate determination of the free nicotine content in cigarette smoke is crucial for assessing cigarette quality, studying harm and addiction, and reducing tar levels. Currently, the ...determination of free nicotine in tobacco products primarily relies on methods such as pH calculation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), and traditional solvent extraction. However, these methods have limitations that restrict their widespread application. In this study, the free nicotine in cigarette smoke was directly extracted by using cyclohexane according to the traditional solvent extraction method and detected via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compared with the traditional two-phase solvent extraction, our experimental method is easy to execute and eliminates the influence of aqueous solutions on the original distribution of nicotine in cigarette smoke particulate matter. Furthermore, the presence of protonated nicotine in tobacco does not affect the determination. Compared with HS-SPME and NMR spectroscopy, our approach, which involves solvent extraction followed by chromatographic separation and instrumental detection, offers simplicity, improved precision, better detection limits, and reduced interference during the instrumental detection stage. The standard addition recoveries in the conducted experiment ranged from 96.2% to 102.5%. The limit of detection was 2.8 μg/cig, and the correlation coefficient R2 for the quadratic regression of the standard curve exceeded 0.999. The relative standard deviation for parallel samples was between 1.7% and 3.4% (n = 5), fully meeting the requirements for the determination of free nicotine in cigarette smoke. Analysis of cigarette samples from 38 commercially available brands revealed that the content of free nicotine ranged from 0.376 to 0.716 mg/cig, with an average of 0.540 mg/cig, and free nicotine accounted for 39.1%–88.8% of the total nicotine content.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has shown impressive zero-shot transfer capabilities, but its potential for specific downstream tasks is not fully utilized. To further enhance CLIP’s ...few-shot capability for specific datasets, some subsequent works have been proposed, such as methods based on lightweight adapters and prompt learning. However, since CLIP is pretrained on a diverse collection of image and text pairs sourced from the internet, it is difficult to sufficiently tune models to specific datasets using only lightweight adaptions. In this paper, we argue that largely modifying the internal representations within CLIP’s encoders can yield better results on downstream datasets. In this work, we introduce Ta-Adapter, a method that equips both the visual and textual encoders of CLIP with task-specific prompts. These prompts are generated using a collaborative prompt learning approach, which allows the encoders to produce representations that are better aligned with specific downstream datasets. Then, we initialize an adapter module using the optimized features generated by the task-aware visual encoder for further feature alignment, and this module can also be further fine-tuned. Our extensive experiments on image classification datasets show that compared to the state-of-the-art few-shot methods Tip-Adapter-F and MaPLe, our model exhibits good performance and obtains an average absolute gain of 2.04% and 1.62% on 11 different image recognition datasets, respectively. In conclusion, this work presents a unique and effective approach to unlocking the full potential of CLIP’s few-shot learning capabilities.
•Our model design combines both the advantages of prompt learning and adapter tuning.•Align CLIP visual and textual encoders with specific datasets via few-shot images.•Our model further enhances CLIP’s few-shot capability, obtaining superior results.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Chitosan (CTS) is widely used to treat wastewater's heavy metal and organic matter pollution. When used as an adsorbent, it can be prepared into different forms, such as microspheres, gels, and ...fibers. However, CTS has certain drawbacks, including a propensity to swell, low acid resistance, and poor mechanical characteristics. Polyimide (PI) has good acid resistance and recyclability. This study focused on the surface CTS-grafting modification of PI fibers for cobalt ion adsorption. The morphological changes of the resultant CTS-grafted PI fibers (PICTS fibers) during functionalization were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and their structural and chemical changes were characterized by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and static contact angle measurement. The PICTS fibers could fit the Langmuir isotherm model to yield a maximum adsorption capacity of 46.04 mg g−1, and its thermodynamic fitting indicated that the adsorption process was a heat-absorbing reaction. The PICTS fibers demonstrated good cycling performance and stable tensile strength in the adsorption-desorption cycling experiments. In the third cycle experiment, the PICTS fibers maintained an adsorption rate of 89.13% and tensile strength of 89.14%. Through grafting CTS onto the PI fibers, the low acid resistance of CTS was significantly enhanced. The PICTS fibers exhibit a higher maximum cobalt ion adsorption capacity compared to fibrous chitosan. Under acidic conditions, PICTS fiber demonstrates excellent cobalt ion adsorption capabilities and allows for repeated recycling. The PICTS fibers could also be recycled, which provides a novel pathway for cobalt recycling.
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•We successfully grafted chitosan onto PI fibers to achieve the functionalization of PI fibers.•PICTS fibers have good recyclability and can be reused for Co(II) ion adsorption.•The PICTS fiber had a maximum adsorption capacity of 46.04 mg g−1, which is a good maximum adsorption capacity compared to other chitosan adsorbents.•PICTS fiber effectively improved the disadvantage of poor acid resistance of chitosan, and solved the disadvantage of poor mechanical properties of chitosan by grafting chitosan onto PI fiber carrier.•Provides new ideas for the recovery of Co from used lithium batteries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In recent years, Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPAs) have emerged as important tools in human–computer interaction, with a wide range of applications such as voice assistant, virtual customer ...service, and navigation. Capturing and understanding the prominent emotional needs of users is important for improving the quality of service of IPAs. Multimodal emotion recognition in conversation (MMERC) aimed at automatically identifying and tracking the emotional states of speakers during the dialogue process has become a crucial component for building emotional IPAs and attracted increasing attention. Current research in this field is based on graph simulation for cross-modal and single-modal interactions. However, these methods ignore the highly imbalanced class problem inherent in MMERC, leading to a decrease in the generalization ability of the model and an inability to effectively recognize minority emotion classes. Data mining methods use oversampling to solve the imbalanced classification, but they are unsuitable for MMERC as they disrupt the conversational coherence and modality alignment characteristics of multimodal emotion recognition datasets. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes an IMBA-MMERC, which is an effective framework to address the pervasive issue of class imbalance in MMERC. Within this framework, sample generation for multimodal conversation tackles the application challenges that exist in multimodal conversational emotion recognition datasets, and well-classified encouraging loss mitigates the performance degradation of the model on certain majority classes due to decision boundary deviations. On two English benchmark datasets and one Chinese public dataset, we used two performance indicators to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed IMBA-MMERC. Ablation experiment, case study, and histograms visualization further verify the well performance of the proposed framework.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Woven coronary artery disease is a relatively rare congenital anomaly with unexplained etiology. Herein we presented the first unusual woven case involving all coronary arteries with chronic total ...occlusion lesion of the left anterior descending artery; describe intracoronary imaging‒guided percutaneous coronary intervention for woven coronary artery disease with chronic total occlusion lesion of the left anterior descending artery; and discuss the complexities involved in intervening with such lesions.
La présence d’une artère coronaire « tressée » (woven coronary artery) est une anomalie congénitale relativement rare, dont l’étiologie demeure inconnue. Nous présentons ici un cas inhabituel de tressage touchant toutes les artères coronaires et entraînant une occlusion totale chronique de l’artère interventriculaire antérieure gauche; nous décrivons en outre une intervention coronarienne percutanée guidée par imagerie intracoronaire visant à corriger l’anomalie et traitons des complexités associées aux interventions visant de telles lésions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Early control of elevated blood pressure is the most promising treatment for acute intracerebral haemorrhage. We aimed to establish whether implementing a goal-directed care bundle incorporating ...protocols for early intensive blood pressure lowering and management algorithms for hyperglycaemia, pyrexia, and abnormal anticoagulation, implemented in a hospital setting, could improve outcomes for patients with acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage.
We performed a pragmatic, international, multicentre, blinded endpoint, stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial at hospitals in nine low-income and middle-income countries (Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Sri Lanka, and Viet Nam) and one high-income country (Chile). Hospitals were eligible if they had no or inconsistent relevant, disease-specific protocols, and were willing to implement the care bundle to consecutive patients (aged ≥18 years) with imaging-confirmed spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage presenting within 6 h of the onset of symptoms, had a local champion, and could provide the required study data. Hospitals were centrally randomly allocated using permuted blocks to three sequences of implementation, stratified by country and the projected number of patients to be recruited over the 12 months of the study period. These sequences had four periods that dictated the order in which the hospitals were to switch from the control usual care procedure to the intervention implementation of the care bundle procedure to different clusters of patients in a stepped manner. To avoid contamination, details of the intervention, sequence, and allocation periods were concealed from sites until they had completed the usual care control periods. The care bundle protocol included the early intensive lowering of systolic blood pressure (target <140 mm Hg), strict glucose control (target 6·1–7·8 mmol/L in those without diabetes and 7·8–10·0 mmol/L in those with diabetes), antipyrexia treatment (target body temperature ≤37·5°C), and rapid reversal of warfarin-related anticoagulation (target international normalised ratio <1·5) within 1 h of treatment, in patients where these variables were abnormal. Analyses were performed according to a modified intention-to-treat population with available outcome data (ie, excluding sites that withdrew during the study). The primary outcome was functional recovery, measured with the modified Rankin scale (mRS; range 0 no symptoms to 6 death) at 6 months by masked research staff, analysed using proportional ordinal logistic regression to assess the distribution in scores on the mRS, with adjustments for cluster (hospital site), group assignment of cluster per period, and time (6-month periods from Dec 12, 2017). This trial is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03209258) and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IOC-17011787) and is completed.
Between May 27, 2017, and July 8, 2021, 206 hospitals were assessed for eligibility, of which 144 hospitals in ten countries agreed to join and were randomly assigned in the trial, but 22 hospitals withdrew before starting to enrol patients and another hospital was withdrawn and their data on enrolled patients was deleted because regulatory approval was not obtained. Between Dec 12, 2017, and Dec 31, 2021, 10 857 patients were screened but 3821 were excluded. Overall, the modified intention-to-treat population included 7036 patients enrolled at 121 hospitals, with 3221 assigned to the care bundle group and 3815 to the usual care group, with primary outcome data available in 2892 patients in the care bundle group and 3363 patients in the usual care group. The likelihood of a poor functional outcome was lower in the care bundle group (common odds ratio 0·86; 95% CI 0·76–0·97; p=0·015). The favourable shift in mRS scores in the care bundle group was generally consistent across a range of sensitivity analyses that included additional adjustments for country and patient variables (0·84; 0·73–0·97; p=0·017), and with different approaches to the use of multiple imputations for missing data. Patients in the care bundle group had fewer serious adverse events than those in the usual care group (16·0% vs 20·1%; p=0·0098).
Implementation of a care bundle protocol for intensive blood pressure lowering and other management algorithms for physiological control within several hours of the onset of symptoms resulted in improved functional outcome for patients with acute intracerebral haemorrhage. Hospitals should incorporate this approach into clinical practice as part of active management for this serious condition.
Joint Global Health Trials scheme from the Department of Health and Social Care, the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, and the Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust; West China Hospital; the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia; Sichuan Credit Pharmaceutic and Takeda China.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
ABSTRACT
The trend of multilingualism in the web environment has put new demands on the digitization of cultural heritage. However, minority languages in cultural heritage have received little ...attention in China. This study selects traditional Tibetan festivals, a representative minority cultural heritage in China. Based on constructing a Chinese‐Tibetan bilingual ontology, the cultural and tourism data of Tibet are linked. By further constructing a knowledge graph, a Chinese‐Tibetan Bilingual Tibetan cultural service platform with traditional Tibetan festivals as the core is established.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UPUK
Background210Bi is one of the most important interferences in the analysis of 90Sr by extractive chromatography. It is verified by the leaching curve that bismuth and yttrium are completely adsorbed ...on the chromatographic column in the bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (HDEHP) extraction chromatography, and this two components can not be completely separated, resulting in higher measurement results of 90Sr.PurposeThis study aims to provide a modified method to eliminate 210Bi interference in the analysis of 90Sr by bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (HDEHP) extraction chromatography.MethodsBy collecting the eluent, measuring the content of strontium, yttrium, lead and bismuth in the eluent and drawing the leaching curve, the adsorption and elution behavior of strontium, yttrium, lead and bismuth in the P204 resin were investigated. The residual 210Bi after column separation was experimentally removed by Bi2S3 precipitation or by measuring the sample source repeatedly and correcting the result with formulas.ResultsThe expe
